On the personal computers related to the family whose roots go to the IBM PC system, and today various operating systems are used, mainly issued by Microsoft than Microsoft operating systems based on the MS-DOS system (MS-DOS\u003e Windows 3\u003e Windows 95\u003e Windows 98 * Windows ME), the principles of the other were originally appeared in Windows NT (Windows NT? Windows 2000\u003e Windows XP). Externally, all Windows family systems are similar to each other and largely compatible with each other. There are other operating systems intended for personal computers (for example, Linux), but they are less common.

What kind of operation system should prefer today?

With the advent of each new operating system, the requirements for power and performance of the computer increase, but new opportunities and additional amenities appear in operation. For new computers, the maximum efficiency provides Windows XP operating system, which will also work with the most modern programs and, most likely, will retain relevance for several years.
If the computer lacks the power to work in Windows XP or there is a need to work with old applications (for example, MS-DOS programs), for which there is no adequate replacement, you can use the Windows 98 SE operating system, most stable from the operating system of the previous one generation and possessing maximum
Software compatibility.

What operating system can you go to Windows XP?

Operating system Windows XP can be installed on any compener, both completely new and already having some operating system. For Windows 98, Windows ME and Windows 2000, it is possible to update - converting an old operating system to a new one with the ability to continue the use of previously installed
Applications without reinstalling. If operating systems of other manufacturers were used on the computer, the installation of Windows XP is based in the same way as in the case of a completely new computer.

What are the main differences between Windows XP from the previous operations of the Windows family systems?

Windows XP is the first NT line operating system designed for an ordinary user. It uses a fully updated internal core, ensuring significantly higher reliability than previous operating systems of the Windows family. In particular, the error in the work of a separate application practically can not lead to exit
In order of other applications or operating system as a whole. Significant changes are made to the user interface. In the new operating system, the windows look more "alive" - \u200b\u200bit becomes more pleasant to work. There is a number of new features for working with files and folders. Windows XP supports file nTFS systemespecially effective for computers with large volume random access memory and enclosed high-speed discs. In addition, it is possible to work with Z / P-archives as with conventional folders. The Windows XP system provides full-fledged support for one computer for several benefits. Each user can have fully independent settings and even have dedicated files available to others. Expanded tools for supporting small networks (for example, home).

I use the MS-DOS operating system (Windows 3.1x, Windows 95). Should it go to the use of the Windows XP operating system?

The operating systems listed on the question should be considered outdated. Main producers software No less thanks for how many years have not been released, or designed for use in these systems, and almost ceased support for old adhesions. Computers whose capabilities are suitable for these operations, according to today's standards, hopelessly outdated. The ability to install on such a Windows XP operating system and
efficient work It is almost excluded. Such a computer is doomed to the role of a moderately intelligent typewriter or to perform other tasks that do not require high performance.

I use the Windows 98 operating system (Windows ME). Should Windows XP go to use the operating system?

The answer to this question depends on the performance of the computer and the parks used programs. Operational windows system 98 For today, the day has maximum compatibility with old and new programs. If such compatibility is of great importance for you, it should not be abandoned. If your computer is quite powerful for the Windows XP system and you mainly use the newest programs, it is reasonable to go to the new operating system, especially since it is sooner or later to do it anyway.

In which case should you refrain from installing the Windows XP operating system?

The main reason for the failure of Windows XP is the computer inconsistency by the rather high technical requirements of this operating system. In some cases, problems may also arise in the work of the affiliation used earlier. If this can become unacceptable throat work, you will have to refuse from installing Windows XP.

What determine the minimum technical requirements of Windows XP?

The minimum requirements for using the Windows XP operating system determine the physical possibility of its operation, and not the convenience or efficiency. If the computer is hardly satisfying these requirements, work with the system is severe, tedious and low-performance.

What determines the practical requirements of Windows XP to whom Putuse?

Practical requirements for windows uses XP is defined for most users-mode of comfortable work. Depending on the purpose of the computer, it may be necessary to further increase its capabilities. Thus, many applications require a further increase in the amount of RAM, and with long-term work at the computer, the screen resolution is not less than 1024x768 color mode True Color.

How to be if the computer does not satisfy the minimum technological requirements?

If the computer does not satisfy the minimum technical requirements, the installation of the Windows XP operating system is impossible on it. If you still make such an attempt, the installation program detects non-fulfillment of technical conditions and stops work. To ensure the implementation of the necessary conditions, you need to update the computer's hardware components or the full replacement.

What happens if the computer does not satisfy practical technical requirements?

Installing and operating the Windows XP operating system on such a computer is possible, but the work will be ineffective. Most of the computer resources will go to the maintenance of the operating system itself. IS Eurence is manifested by an excessive duration of the initial download and completion of the system, in slow motion startup
Programs and opening documents, in slow-screen operations and low-quality screen images, in frequent, long and non-ductative interaction of a hard disk system, as well as in a moss-installation of applications, in the new and: p-like failures and so on.
In this case, it is better to immediately refrain from installing Windows XP, limiting the Windows 98 SE operating system, which is noticeably less demanding to hardware resources.

As technical windows requirements XP should be considered when purchasing a new computer?

It makes no sense to acquire new computer To use the mouth of roaring the operating system. The Windows XP operating system was published in 2002, and the technical requirements at that time did not exceed the average level of new technology. Since then, the capacity of the new computers only grew and, thereby, it is not so difficult to satisfy these trees with a sufficient margin. At the same time, when updating the hardware components of the old computer, some problems may arise. It is necessary to make sure there is no no "bottleneck" system that impede the operation of Windows XP.

What versions of WindowsXP exist?

There are two windows version XP, intended for an ordinary user: note Edition and Professional. There are no fundamental differences between them if not counting the difference in the price of the licensed version. In the version of the note, the Edition is missing a number of possibilities, not very significant for autonomous home Computer Or a small peer-to-peer office. In general, with other things being equal, the installation of the version of Professional is preferable, but, establishing a "RSI note by the Edition, you
Practically do not lose anything.

All that is written in this article will be useful for those who do not believe in the stability of Microsoft. Immediately it is worth saying that after reading it and trying the new Windows XP operating system, the opinion will most likely change dramatically. The parable that the company's operating systems are distinguished by instability, is distributed not only between professional system administratorsBut also between ordinary users. The developed opinion is not based on an empty place, many remember Windows 95, whose work has been conjugate with a lot of problems. In other words, hopes for the system were assigned quite serious, but practically none of them justified.

A certain amount of time passed, certain additions and corrections that contributed to improving work were made. An example of the effective work of Microsoft employees was Windows 98, which was very profitably different from its predecessors. At this stage, the development of the system was not stopped, many systems were created, each of which became a specific prerequisite for the release of Windows XP.

In all parameters, this is a new generation system, new compatibility and completely new design. Those who have heard about the system of certain information and switched to it, were satisfied and the number of such users is gradually increasing.

Windows XP from Microsoft

The new system is characterized by such properties and qualities as:

• new external designer management that simplifies and simultaneously makes more efficient performance of some common tasks;
• there is an opportunity to work with digital images, get high Quality photos and make their exchange;
• there is a multifunctional tool designed to work with different musical materials that are able to provide search, storing, playing and downloading music files, and the highest quality;
• there is everything required funds In order to create and view different video materials on a PC;
• the presence of ease of shared access to the PC, as well as to create a home network;
• there are means to solve some problems, as well as the possibility of obtaining assistance of specialists;
• effective communication tools for transmission of different instant messages;
• the system is characterized by safety and stability, which ensures efficient and stable operation;
• security is to encrypt files, which is important when storing corporate information;
• provided the possibility of support mobile devices To be able to work autonomously or connect in remote mode;
• there is multilingual support that makes it possible to effectively interact with users from around the world.

As can be seen, there are quite a lot of benefits, all this contributes to the rapid growth of the popularity of this system in the information world.

System requirements for Windows XP

In order to install on Windows XP PC, it is necessary that the device corresponded to some standards and rules. These are certain system requirements that differ sufficient hardness. First of all, it is worth noting that the system is not so demanding of the processor as a memory personal computer. This circumstance is evidenced by the result with which the processor accelerates.

Now, as regards directly the requirements themselves. Microsoft officially declares that effective windows work XP must have equipment whose characteristics will correspond to so many times as minimum system requirements:

• computer with a processor that clock frequency represents at least 300 MHz; There are some permissible minimum - 233 MHz (system with one or two processors), as well as processors of Intel Pentium / Celeron families, AMD K6 / Athlon / Duron, or other, but necessarily compatible processors can be used;
• at least 128 MB of RAM is recommended, there can also be some permissible minimum of 64 MB, while it is important to know that the speed and some possibilities of the operating system can be limited;
• required at least 1.5 GB of free disk space;
• video payment and Super VGA monitor, the resolution of which should be at least 800 per 600 points;
• dVD disk drive;
• microsoft Mouse Mouse and Mouse, but other compatible input devices are also suitable.

All of the above minimum system requirements for Windows XP may vary in direct relationship from the system configuration, from some installed applications and the functions present. For example, if the installation is made over the network, you may need an additional free space on the disk. There are still some equipment that is required for high-quality and efficient operation with the Windows XP system. it sound fee, modem, DVD drivewhich is currently supported hardware.

Important moments

Microsoft Corporation simultaneously with the development of the Windows XP system, with the fact that certain system requirements have been established, declared the real war with pirates, and quite peculiar. The essence of this process is that a certain key is generated for each personal computer, while it is carefully taken into account its features and configurations. In the process activation of Windows XP user forwards the resulting key together the key that was on installation disk In a corporation, which after a while carries out the registration of a new user. Only after that it will be possible to start setting.

Process windows installations XP, if system requirements are fully observed, is simple. At the very beginning, a PC scanning for presence or absence necessary drivers. Such moments will be made as a reboot, some questions are specified, after the system will never disturb its user with these questions.

If system requirements are fully observed, it will be possible to make sure that the operating system is able to hit by its speed. As a rule, from the first press until the full load runs about 7 seconds.

Conclusion

Many attract no accessible requirements in the system, but to some extent an attractive design. Immediately after installing the system, the desktop looks perfectly clean. The harmony of colors and a variety of forms is at the highest level.

It is worth noting the presence of some innovations, but they all become familiar after several days of normal working with the system. The system compatibility is at the ideal level, all necessary applications are installed and operate without any problems and complications, unless, of course, all the requirements of the system installation are met.

This chapter describes all the requirements that need to be performed before installing the Windows XP operating system. The minimum and recommended computer configuration are shown, and the sequence of actions before windows installation XP.

System requirements

Windows XP operating system is more demanding of computer resources compared to previous versions. Therefore, if you have installed one of the previous versions of Windows, be sure to check out this section before installing Windows XP, since the power of your computer may not be enough to work with this operating system. The minimum and recommended system requirements announced by Microsoft Corporation are presented in Table. 2.1.

In fact, these requirements are understated, that is, you can install the system, but the speed of work will be far from ideal. To achieve acceptable speed, the system will have to customize Windows XP for a long time. Therefore, in Table. 2.2 The minimum and recommended requirements required for normal operation of Windows XP without additional settings are indicated.

Table 2.2. Real system requirements.

As you can see, the difference is quite significant, but it is the data from the table. 2.2 will allow you to achieve comfortable work in Windows XP, without resorting to additional settings Systems.

Preparing a computer to install Windows XP

We prepare for installing Windows XP. We will need a boot CD with the Russian version of the Windows XP operating system, as well as a computer that meets the requirements given in Table. 2.2.

Fig. 2.1. Main box BIOS..

Before starting the installation, you need to make several changes in the BIOS.

1. Turn on the computer.

2. After the screen appears with a black background, press the DEL key (sometimes instead of the DEL key, the F2 key is used).

3. A screen appears, resembling shown in Fig. 2.1.

NOTE

The appearance of your BIOS may differ, as there are two most common bIOS version: Award Bios. and Phoenix Bios. (The latter is shown in Fig. 2.1).

4. Now using the keys<– и -> click the Boot tab.

5. Use the 8 and 2 keys to select CD-ROM Drive and press the + key until the CD-ROM DRIVE item is first in the list (Fig. 2.2).

Fig. 2.2. Selecting a download source.

6. Press the F10 key.

7. In the window that appears, select YES and press ENTER (Fig. 2.3).

NOTE

If a appearance Your BIOS is not similar to the one that is shown in Fig. 2.2 and 2.3, you have award BIOS. In this case, in paragraphs 4 and 5 using the keys 8 and 2, select item Bios Features., in paragraph 1-st Boot Device. Using the Page Up, Page Down, select CDROM.

Fig. 2.3. Saving changes.

You may have a question: "Why do we need all this?" This is done in order for the download occurred from the CD on which the distribution of the Windows XP operating system is located.

This preparation for installing Windows XP is over. Insert the Windows XP operating system CD and go to Chapter 3.

Professional? Here we will talk about updating the earlier version of Windows and the implementation of this step.

System requirements

If you use not enough powerful computer, when installing Windows XP Professional, do not experience anything but irritation. In this section, we will look at the minimum system requirements for Windows XP Professional (as well as reflect the 64-bit version of Windows XP Professional) and let's talk about some system verification tools for compatibility.

Windows XP Professional

With each new version Windows minimum system requirements continues to grow. It is not to be surprised that Windows XP Professional will not work on an old 25 megahertz machine and with 2 MB of RAM. In order to force Windows XP Professional to work, the computer must meet the following requirements.

• 300 MHz processor or higher (recommended), 233 MHz minimum. Intel Pentium / Celeron family or AMD K6 / ATHLON / DURON family or compatible processors.
• 128 MB of RAM or higher (minimum in 64 MB is supported, but may limit the execution of some functions).
• 1.5 GB of free hard disk space.
• SuperVGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution of the video adapter and monitor.
• CD-ROM or DVD drive.
• Keyboard and mouse or other compatible pointer device.

These are minimal system requirements for installing Windows XP Professional. If you want to work faster and more efficiently, then you should increase the power of any, and maybe all of the above components.

64-bit windows edition XP Professional

Although we are not going to discuss in detail the 64-bit edition of Windows XP Professional in this course, you may find that it is better suited to your organization. Let's take a look at what the 64-bit version offers and what is its requirements.

Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition differ from each other and in its features. Therefore, there are differences in the installation requirements, disk space and device drivers. It also concerns the installation and work of some Microsoft Management Console (MMC) applications.

System requirements. Table 2.2 shows the differences between Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition.

Device drivers. Since Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition works in a 64-bit environment, it requires 64-bit drivers. Some drivers are allowed to install both 32-bit and 64-bit drivers from the same .inf file. Extension. Ha64 is used within.INF files of these drivers to specify installation files installed in the 64-bit system. More early versions Windows cannot recognize extension .I64.

Table 2.2. Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition system requirements

Component	Windows XP Professional	Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition
Processor (minimum)	233 MHz	733 MHz
Processor (recommended)	300 MHz	Not limited
RAM (minimum)	64 MB.	1 GB
RAM (recommended)	128 MB.	Not limited
Hard disk space	1.5 GB	1.5 GB

Note. Do not pay attention to what is written about device software packages. Even if the program package reports that it is compatible with Windows XP Professional, this does not mean that the device is compatible with Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition.

MMC. Starting with Windows 2000 Microsoft includes console operating systems control Microsoft Management Console (MMC). This is the central control application to which integrable applications are connected to create a system. user control. Using integrable applications allows administrators to track and work with multiple data from one place, not missing any foreign information. MMC can be used in working with group Policy and network settings. In addition, the use of integrable applications allows programmers of other companies to develop their own applications. Figure 2.10 shows the MMS window.

Windows XP Professional 64-Bit Edition includes both 64- and 32-bit MMS version. The default 64-bit version is activated, although, if necessary, you can choose a 32-bit one. MMS version cannot exchange integrable applications. Windows XP Professional recognizes the number of integrable applications available in the system and activates the version based on the analysis of the algorithm of integrable applications.

Double loading

If you have already installed Windows NT, Windows 2000 or Windows 98, then you have the ability to update the current system or Windows XP Professional parallel installation. For example, if you decide to implement new copy Together with NT, you will have two systems for downloading a computer. This is called double boot.

Fig. 2.10.

If you decide to have a DOS or Windows 9x as an alternative operating system in your dual loading system, then disk space Format under FAT. For a better result and fewer errors, this option should be installed before installing Windows XP Professional. It is highly recommended to place Windows XP Professional in your own disc. Although the OS is in its directory, if you install several copies of Windows In one section of the disk space, they will record in the same Program Files directory. XP can rewrite several files there or change permission to access some important filesthat will lead to the impossibility of loading an alternative operating system. Next, if you chose NTFS as XP file Systemit seems impossible to store NTFS files On a disk formatted under FAT.

Compatibility

To guarantee compatibility of computer equipment and programs with Windows XP Professional operating system microsoft. On your site (http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/howtobuy/upgrading/compat.asp) created a product compatibility check page. Since the page is quite extensive, Microsoft has simplified the process of compatibility verification. Users can enter data on the model of their computers or about the versions of their software, and the site will do everything else. Figure 2.11 shows how this page looks like.

Technical progress does not stand still. Humanity is committed to improving productivity. Operating systems are no exception: technical progress has affected them. In this article, we will consider Windows XP and Windows 7 operating systems, compare their main indicators and reveal the best.

A bit of history

Before proceeding with the "preparation" of operating systems, we will tell their brief history.

Windows XP.

One of the most successful (after Windows 98) Microsoft operating systems.

Windows XP is one of the most successful OS of Microsoft Corporation

Target audience of the corporate product - home and business users of various computer devices. This is the second attempt of the corporation to abandon the digital names of its products.

Windows XP went on sale on October 25, 2001 and was a continuation of Windows 2000 Professional. Her name "XP" implies the English word "Experience", which means "experience".

At the time of launching a commercial sale in 2001 was considered one of the fastest operating systems. The Windows NT architecture allowed to reduce user costs when switching from old versions thanks to the support of the usual functionality and the ability to work for previous applications.

Support for Windows XP was discontinued April 8, 2014. However, Microsoft continues to release updates anti-virus protectionSince there are still users working with this operating system.

Also the advantages of new steel stable work and elimination of bugs with libraries that "glorified" previous versions windows. On the this moment It is in a state of termination of support by the manufacturer, yielding place windows 7.

Windows 7.

This operating system overtook Windows XP in popularity.

Windows 7 - the most popular OS in the world

She came to the market in 2009. Potential consumers were waiting for a number of significant innovations, support for high resolution and new television formats. Also, the developers corrected Vista and Longhorn bugs, due to which these systems did not have success.

Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009. As of 2017, it is the most popular operating system in the world.

Despite the introduction of new systems, Windows 7 remains a favorite working environment of many users. At the moment, its support continues.

Features and opportunities

Windows XP and Windows 7 have a number of differences.

Table: Comparison of features and features Windows XP and Windows 7

Parameter	Windows XP.	Windows 7.
Search	it requires a few clicks; you have to enter a request to the end; only a list of files where the desired query is found; speed \u200b\u200bspeed.	available in one click on the "Start" menu; the system understands the user with pleusing; for text documents, a fragment mapping is available, where this request occurs regardless of the case; the search works quickly.
Managing Starting Programs	it is necessary to remember where the program is; some programs are not displayed in the Start Application list.	Programs are launched by intelligent search: just enter the first letter of the name and press the input or click on the desired program.
Use multimedia	photos and videos are derived exclusively on the monitor; the control is possible only with the mouse; it is necessary to accurately remember the location of the video or photography; to view on external device need a flash drive.	thanks to the configured common access Viewable on any device in the home network; management of media library is possible both by the mouse and the console through the media server; intelligent search in the title is implemented; a detailed list of media files is available in the Library menu.
Support for domestic and office networks	Create home network Under power only an advanced user with defined skills.	automatic determination and friendly settings for each of the devices; access to the resources of the operating system is possible from any section of the network; the image from the computer screen can be displayed on the TV screen or projector.
Safety of children	Create a secure environment for a child is not possible due to the difficulty of setting.	Security module allows parents to install zones hard disk and programs that are available to the child, as well as the duration of the pastime of Chad at a computer for each day of the week.
Sort files and folders	File search is difficult and requires memorization of locations.	The "Library" menu appears in the "Explore" displaying all the locations of important documents, favorite music and family multimedia archive on all discs and devices.
Error correction	The reference system does not give a direct response to asked question. Solving equipment problems is treated exclusively by calling a specialist or a tyk method.	The own diagnostic system will detect the problem and prompt optimal methods of an independent solution.
Travel over the Internet	At the time of writing the article browsers for XP are no longer supported. For some operations required third-party applications or several tabs.	Wide browsers palette to select. Translation functions, search for information, file viewing are implemented in the form of browser plugins.
Using a desktop	Background anniversary in a week. The desktop was home exclusively for icons without the possibility of mounting widgets.	The interactive desktop supports the installation of the necessary icons and notifications. Wallpapers became animated.