What with analog channels. Go to digital television: What to do and how to prepare? Transition to digital television

Due to the lack of funding, broadcasting television broadcasting in analog format will soon be discontinued. The question of when the analog television in Russia is disconnected, and how it turns, disturbing many citizens. We will try to answer it in this article.

What is analog television, and how does it differ from digital?

Analog signal using analog signal for transmission of sound and pictures is called analog signal. It can be transmitted by radio waves or with a cable. Technically, this is a whole set of signals: about brightness, images and sound. At the output it turns out exactly what we see on your screens.

Digital television uses digital standards to transmit audio and image. Today, most of the leading domestic television channels work on them, at the same time duplicating broadcasting on an analog signal. Many countries that have already created a full-fledged digital communication system completely stopped using analog standards. In the near future, the transition to the "digit" is expected in Russia.

Minister's statement

Recently, the Minister of Communication and Mass Communications Affairs of Nikolai Nikiforov gave a recently about the timing of this transition. According to him, the analog television in Russia will be completely disconnected in 2018, since it is at this time that its termination of its financial support is planned. However, Nikiforov himself does not eliminate the likelihood that in some regions of the country there may be independent financing, and therefore some old television channels will remain.

When will the analog broadcast in Russia occur exactly? According to the draft relevant will happen by July 1 of next year. Anyone may familiarize themselves with this project on the Unified Portal of the Ministry of Communications.

Of course, there will be no entirely television, but it will change its format with analog on digital. And for this there are good reasons.

Why go to "digit"?

The prerequisites for such a decision in the technical plan have long been long. Over the past few years, TV receivers of almost all operators are issued with digital signal support.

In addition, the audience themselves understand the validity of this choice. Satellite and cable television provides higher broadcast quality, wider selection of channels. Yes, and the possibilities of smart-TV opens very wide. See for: satellite "Tricolor" already connected more than 10 million people, and cable TV chose 20 million viewers.

Support analog television in such conditions becomes simply economically unprofitable for the TV channels themselves. Therefore, they also seek to change the broadcast format by all means.

Change of formats in Russia and abroad

Recently, many European countries have begun to change the format of broadcasting the main television channels. Since 2006, residents of the Netherlands switched to digital standards, a year later, Swedes and Finns joined them.

Since 2009, Germany, Denmark and Norway TV channels work in digital format. For them followed United Kingdom and Poland. When the analog television is turned off in Russia, our country will join this list. It is expected to be the first to get rid of the obsolete broadcast system will be the border regions - all of them 26.

When and how should the transition?

According to current standards, to completely switch to digital television broadcasts, the population must be provided with this type of signal at least 95%.

Previously, Dmitry Medvedev, even in his life president, stated that by 2015 there would be a complete transition to digital television. He stressed that this would be a key factor in the way to technological upgrades. In addition, the disconnection of analog television was to free the frequencies that the new channel package will take - multiplex. However, it was not possible to complete the transition process for 2015, and the question of when the analog television is turned off in Russia remained unresolved.

In many ways, also because some citizens simply could not afford a purchase by however, the regional authorities assume the solution to the problem and are ready to assist in subsidies.

Even after the analog television broadcast in Russia is disabled, citizens will have free access to the main television channels in digital format. Among them, NTV, Culture, Russia-1 and 2, Bibigon and the Motherwise Favorite Channel One.

What do you need to know the ordinary user?

Many concerns the question of whether the reception of a new television signal is possible on old TVs. Indeed, outdated equipment only works with analog standards. To go to digital broadcasting, you will have to buy a console with a special decryption module. However, if you have a TV new model, bought after 2008, it is most likely already supports digital standards, and no additional equipment will be needed.

Analog television differs from digital and signal propagation. If earlier it was transmitted to the usual antenna, then modern standards provide for signal transmission through a cable or satellite connection. That is, analog television in Russia will be completely completely disconnected, and it will be necessary either to pave the cable directly into the apartment, or install a satellite antenna. The last option will be the only way out for giving or if you live in a small settlement.

Still, when will the analog television in Russia turn off?

To date, as the final date of transition to the "digit" is called 2018. Prior to that, it was already planned to start this process in 2015 and fully complete by 2016. But the situation was complicated by economic shocks in the country, which tightened the construction of the necessary infrastructures.

However, it is difficult to call a specific date, because in each region it is likely to be yours. Criterion, again, serves the number of people who can take only analog signal. When they remain less than 5% of the total number, it will be a clear sign that the region is ready for the transition to digital standards. Stressed that the 2018 is the final number, and after that analog broadcast will be completely disabled.

In 2018, the federal target program for the transition to digital television broadcasting will be completed. Analog television must be disabled according to the plan, which means that the viewers that catch a signal through an analog antenna may remain without favorite gear. On the "Business Breakfast" in the Russian Gazette, the head of the Russian television and broadcasting network (RTRS), Andrei Romanenko spoke about the future of Russian television.

Andrei Yuryevich, will not happen that after 2018, millions of old analog televisions will go out?

Andrei Romanenko: "Disconnect analog" is a myth, a children's horror. Because there is no speech about the refusal of analog television as such. This is the fact that since 2019, the Government of the Russian Federation ceases to finance the dissemination of all-Russian compulsory publicly available channels in cities with a population of less than 100 thousand people. Now we have 10 channels receive an annual subsidy. Since 2019, they will not have this subsidy. And accordingly, the analogue broadcast of these 10 channels will stop.

The first ten Russian TV channels will be available to the audience of small settlements only in digital format. In major cities, the TV channels pay an analog signal on their own due to their commercial income. And they have to decide whether they will want to carry a double load on the payment of broadcasts in two formats, analog and digital, in cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people. We have only 165 such cities, but in these 165 cities there are approximately half of the country's population. Everything will depend on the economic feasibility for the TV channels.

Since 2018, the first ten Russian channels will be available in small cities only in digital format

Otherwise, there is no speech about disabled in 2018 or 2019 analog TV channels - and hundreds of them, if you consider regional.

And how to be the half of the country's population that catches an analog signal? After all, not all TVs support "digit".

Andrei Romanenko:When the federal program of transition to digital television broadcasting began, in our country, in various estimates, it was from 70 to 90 million TVs. All analog, of course.

But from mid-2012, we do not have analog televisions. And from mid-2012 in Russia, about 40 million TVs, already digital, and another 13 million digital consoles are sold. Thus, the TV Park updated no less than half.

Now the penetration of digital equipment, that is, the availability of the population is simply turned off the analog and watch only the figure, 60 percent already. And we still have 2.5 years ahead of the program.

At the same time, there are now more than a thousand models of digital TVs on the market. Their cost begins from 7 thousand rubles. And so as not to go out and analog televisions, their owners are enough to purchase a prefix that will allow you to receive a digital signal. They are now more than 200 models, and cost begins from 800 rubles.

And such expenses are approximately 30 million of the owners of the analog televisions?

Andrei Romanenko:It will have 40 percent of the population in small settlements, where the broadcast of the first tent of the TV channels in analog format will not continue and there is no alternative as cable television.

In many regions, the quality of the TV shows in the analog is very lame. If the viewers from the depthion will acquire a new TV or a digital console, will they get the best image?

Andrei Romanenko:Already almost 92 percent of the population, there are 10 channels of the first multiplex and by the end of the year 65 percent of the population will be able to watch the second multiplex, that is, only 20 digital channels.

Now there are already 60 percent of the population of Russia ready to disable analog TV

As for quality, everyone knows everything perfectly that if the signal is good, then the analog television gives a very good picture. But when we say that we have one analog program, most likely the first channel and Russia 1, covered by 98.8 percent of the population, this does not mean that this is a high-quality signal. Quality can be very conditional.

Digital signal propagation is different. He is either there or it is not. So far, if there is a digital signal, it is exactly exactly the "four plus". And if the signal is weaker than a certain level, the picture is scattered on the pixels. That is, there the border is quite tough. So the quality of the "figures" on the "four with a plus" will surely be exactly 98.4 percent of the population. And the remaining 1.6 percent will be able to receive a satellite package from the same 20 channels for free.

Is there any program to inform the population about the transition to digital broadcasting?

Andrei Romanenko: Necessarily. Information work is conducted. We prepared the concept of disconnecting analog TV channels back in 2014, and there we completely laid the criteria under what conditions it is possible. First, there must be 95 percent readiness of the population to receive a digital signal. Secondly, at least one and a half years in the region, the first multiplex of public channels and at least 12 months - the second multiplex should operate. For half a year, it is envisaged for a massive outreach campaign in which all leading television channels should be involved.

Full text of the "Business breakfast" read in the nearest rooms "Russian Newspaper".

As a result, it was decided to turn off the analog signal gradually. Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communication and Mass Communications Alexei Volin RBC that first "analog" will be turned off in the regions that are fully prepared for the transition to the "digit", then in those where the "analog" in winter is inappropriate due to climatic conditions Finally, the "counterpart" will refuse all other regions. The process is thus stretching for half a year.

First, the "analog" will be disconnected in the Tver region. This will happen on December 3, clarified the head of the Ministry of Communications Constantine Soskov. Broadcasting in the "Digital" in the Tver region has already begun on November 9. This region will become a pilot: the authorities will study how the population was able to reconfigure their televisions on the "digit".

20 channels available to all

As part of the transition to the "digit", the Russian television and broadcasting network built an infrastructure to propagate two digital multiplexes - a package of channels broadcasting at one frequency. 98.1% of the country's population should be available. The remaining will be able to watch TV due to satellite plates.

The first multiplex includes "Channel One", "Russia 1", "Russia K", "Russia 24", "Carousel", NTV, "Fifth Channel", "Match TV", "TV Center" and public Russian television. The infrastructure of this multiplex was built on state money, and it also subsidizes these channels broadcasting in the "Digital" in the cities with a population of less than 100 thousand people. In the draft budget for 2019, for seven channels of the first multiplex, these subsidies are defined in 7.1 billion rubles. For Channels of VGTRK and Public Russian Television, these subsidies are combined with subsidies for content.

The second multiplex is commercial. It entered HCT, "home", TNT, TV3, "Friday", Ren TV, "Star", "Muz TV", "Peace" and "Savior". This infrastructure was built on the money of the broadcasters themselves, which pay the digital signal. Each channel of the second multiplex should be in 2019 to pay RTPs for distribution in the "digit" about 1.3 billion rubles. For comparison: the cumulative costs of these ten broadcasters on the "analogue" were equal, according to the Ministry of Communications, about 0.5 billion rubles. per year.

The following disabling "Analog" will be in February, said Medvedev. Broadcasting in this format may stop in the Kurgan, Magadan, Sakhalin, Ulyanovsk, Yaroslavl regions, as well as in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, said the source in the television market. The press service of the government reported that the "wave" of the "analog" to the "waves" will still have a government commission on the development of broadcasting. Her meeting will be held "in the near future."

The phased disconnection of the "counterpart" will lead to additional costs of the federal budget. Traditionally, the state pays the channels included in the first multiplex, the spread of the signal in the cities with a population of less than 100 thousand people. But in the draft budget for 2019, subsidies were laid by these broadcasters for distribution in small cities only a digital signal. Now, as they clarify in the Ministry of Communications Communications, the state will have to allocate additional funds directly by the Russian television and broadcasting network for the expenditures on the distribution of "analogue" for the channels of the first multiplex.

The size of additional subsidies in the Ministry of Communications has not previously specified.

Residents of Moscow, which, after disconnecting analog television, will be forced to adapt to a new standard, will soon receive a full-fledged package consisting of 20 channels and broadcasting in digital format. Of the 10 thousand base stations of 9.5 thousand already put into operation and are tested, which allows stages to introduce digital television in apartment buildings Muscovites.

The transition to digital television in 2019 in Moscow will not cause difficulties among citizens

The long-awaited transition of Russia to the new format of digital television began to be carried out since the end of this year. In 2019, viewers will receive 20 channels in the best quality and absolutely free. In Moscow, the introduction of a new standard is fully prepared and will soon refuse analog broadcasting.

Meanwhile, the first multiplex is already partially launched in the country. This special equipment allows you to transmit a signal of ten federal channels, including the main information resources of the country. The second multiplex, which is also already introduced into operation, will contain 10 entertainment TV channels.

Works on the final commissioning of transmitters to operation will be completed until the end of 2018, which will make it possible to gradually since January 2019 to refuse analog broadcasting in Moscow and massively switch to the "digit".

Residents of apartment buildings in Moscow will be able to connect a full package of digital television in 2019

To view digital television in Moscow, subscribers will have to take care of equipment. Residents of apartment buildings that are connected to the overall antenna should also be checked if their TVs support the new broadcast format.

Modern TVs that are able to play MPEG video format, in the purchase and installation of additional equipment do not need. More old models subscribers will have to be replaced with new or to purchase a special DVB-T2 console to them, which will help adapt the television troll under the digital standard.

As for the cost of additional equipment, the prefix itself will cost the buyer at 700 rubles. Prices for televisions that will be able to work with the digital standard are started in stores from 5 thousand rubles.

Another headache for subscribers will be connecting the console to the TV. In most cases, this should not cause special problems, but still you need to take care of the purchase of television cords and cables. In addition, it will be necessary to pay attention to the correct connection of the console to the external antenna and TV.

After the whole scheme is collected, the subscriber needs to configure the TV channels that will have to earn in good quality in digital format. Total package that will be available since January 2019 for residents of Moscow apartment buildings will contain 20 television channels.

Disabling analog television in Moscow will begin after a complete launch of digital broadcasting

Expect a sharp disabling analog broadcasting in Moscow to the viewers are not worth it. As noted earlier, the government first will only reduce the subsidization of this direction. In addition, among a number of Russia channels there are those that are still not technically ready to broadcast in a digital format.

In most cases, this concerns regional TV channels. And if in Moscow in this regard everything relatively normal, then the farther from the capital, the situation becomes critical. Most likely, the only right solution that will help television companies do not leave the mediary of the country, will be gradually transferring them to the "digit".

Thus, as long as officials and profile ministries have focused on federal channels, which first of all appear in the apartments of Muscovites in the "Digital".

However, for other television companies that will be able to adapt their equipment to a new format, there is a place in the "digit". For this, the third multiplex will be launched, but for the time being about any deadlines to speak early.

Photo of Cyril Martynova on January 1 will be discontinued analog broadcasting of federal channels a little, and a real revolution will occur in the television team. From January 1, analog broadcasting of federal channels will be discontinued, and Russia will officially enter the era of digital TV. What does this mean for ordinary television viewers? Is it necessary to refuse old teleannants and buy special devices to not stay without your favorite gear? We are talking about this with the director of the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the Russian television and broadcasting network (RTRS) Mikhail Nearsyn.

Figure everywhere

Mikhail Yuryevich, this year the transition to digital broadcast television is completed. Does this mean that in January analog broadcasting will not be at all?

It is important to understand that it is not about the full disconnection of analog broadcasting, but about its reduction. Although very large-scale. It concerns the key federal channels that are already available in the "digit" - as part of the first and second multiplex digital broadcast television. The first multiplex (10 TV channels) works throughout the region, the second - in Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas, Sarov, Pavlov and Vyksa. By the end of the year, the second multiplex will be launched everywhere.

After all residents of the region are able to take 20 digital channels on the air, in the region, as well as the whole country as a whole, the process of disconnecting an "analogue" will begin. Approximately January 10, 2019, analogue broadcast will cease in small settlements, where less than 100 thousand people live. In major cities - in Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas - the first channel, for example, for some time will be in the "digit", and in the "analogue". But in general, the issue of disabling analog broadcast is a matter of time.

Do not notice the disconnection of the analog broadcasting to the viewers will help the timely transition to the "digit". It is connected and configured it is very simple. We need only a decimeter antenna and a small prefix to the old (analog) TV. The owners of modern TVs purchased in recent years, the prefix is \u200b\u200bno longer needed. It is enough for them to simply reconfigure TV (turn on the auto-tuning and set the search for digital channels).

And what will be with regional and municipal channels, which did not find a place in digital multiplexes?

Reducing the "counterpart" is not a forced measure, this is the solution of the broadcasters themselves. TV channels that will not want to turn off will continue an analog broadcast. For example, our local television companies - NTBs, Volga and municipal television studios.

Boards will not be!

Now on the air these 20 channels - two so-called multiplex at ten, and there is a conversation about the third. What principle did the channels chose? Who will enter the third?

The transition to the "digit" regulates the state program, and the composition of multiplexes determines the state at the level of the country's first persons. Thus, the list of channels of the first multiplex is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the second is formed by the decisions of the Federal Competence Commission on Broadcasting. 20 channels are a mandatory minimum guaranteed by the state, which should be available to all residents of the country. To the question of the third multiplex state will return next year. In the plans, it is only in major millionth cities, which in Russia 11, among them and Nizhny Novgorod. It is assumed that there will be free HD broadcasting. But it is too early to talk about it.

What gives the transition to the "digit" residents of the region?

Since first of January, the second ten channels will turn on across the entire area, and residents will be able to watch those channels that they used to be available only in satellite and cable operators for fees. For example, it is not necessary to walk. Earlier, I also had a satellite plate as a football fan. With the advent of "Figures" I can watch my football according to the "Match TV", "Russia-1" and the first channel absolutely free. And I turned off - many years I have no companion. And for the area, for those who had four or five analog channels and who had not yet switched to the "digit", it would be possible to watch 20 channels in digital quality!

Available to all

Do you really find a digital signal on the area?

We conducted a signal study, the reception is about 98.6 percent of the territory of the region. To do this, we built new towers, checked whether the signal opens, the new, taking into account the relief. There are such places where our signal does not formally take, for example, next to the suice. But there is a signal from the Chuvash turret, which covers Vasilsursk. So the residents of the gorotate can be redirected an antenna, and everything will work. True, instead of GTRK programs "Nizhny Novgorod" they will see local news of GTRK "Chuvashia".

At the same time, the state program does not imply a 100% coverage of the territory of the Russian Federation by a digital essential television signal. This indicator should be at least 98.4 percent of the population. We have in fact it turned out even a little more. At the same time, absolutely all residents of our country should have access to 20 channels that entered multiplexes. For settlements, the inhabitants of which in each region of the country cannot accept a digital signal, the government of the subject of the Russian Federation, together with federal authorities and satellite operators, is being worked out by the issue of organizing satellite reception on special conditions in these territories. The position of the state in this matter is that all residents of the country must have equal access to information - at least 20 TV channels.

Five, signal

The digital picture was presented to us as a better, allowed forget about the interference of the former reception. But sometimes it crumbles into cubes and even completely disappears the signal. Will it continue?

This happens. This is usually the problems of feeding the signal from the satellite. Something left him, or the sun gave the interference. It is impossible to foresee, like a hurricane. Another common cause of the poor-quality picture is the incorrect operation of the receiving user equipment, for example, errors accumulate in the console or TV. In this case, the equipment needs to be simply rebooted, and everything will work.

Now they sell a lot of antennas, many of which are positioned as "digital antennas for receiving digital television" DVB-T2 format, which contains broadcast. Are such devices really needed? Or is it a marketing stroke, and does any decimeter antenna suit?

Of course, it's just a brand. The antenna should have conventional "decimeters". As for televisions, most models produced in the last three or five years are ready to receive a digital signal. If not, you need a prefix with the support of the DVB-T2 digital standard. They are now many, from 600 rubles. Those that are more expensive will take a signal in the same way, but they can have other additional functions - to play from the flash drive and so on. So feel free to take the simplest.

Does the Signal of home dmv antenna catch? Especially in the pits and where the analog signal catches badly and picks up only reflected?

Will be. "Figure" is not so demanding to the signal. It is suitable and reflected. But still, for the stable and high-quality work of the equipment, the antenna must be chosen on the basis of the conditions of admission. For example, if you live far from the transmitting station, in the lowland, it is better to take the antenna outdoor with an amplifier and install it higher.

And with the prefix works absolutely any TV? Say, lamp?

If he has a socket for connecting the console, the same, for example, for a video recorder or DVD player.

Today, many just look at everything on the Internet. Did it appeared because of this outflow of viewers from television?

This separation has long happened. And the youth, which first went online, until 30 years begins to watch TV. And this process is permanent. I personally watch TV. I will not make a pending view - I look only here and now. And the Internet is the morning of the first news to see. I don't trade TV!