Music amplifying devices on guitar lamps. Lamp guitar amplifiers. Saga about even harmonics

How many people have so many opinions, and the lamp sound is not an exception. Many music connoisseurs are leaning towards the fact that the lamp equipment reproduces the sound better than its semiconductor counterparts. This article is not designed to make any clarity into similar judgments, for its part, I will try to refrain from "labels" and estimates.

An important "consumer" of lamp amplifying devices are musicians, mostly guitarists. What is justified, such folk love is unambiguously saying difficult, I can only add from myself that all guitar amplifiers collected by me were lamps, and the sound did not disappoint me. Today I would like to tell about, perhaps, the most simple design of the lamp guitar amplifier, which you can find. Enchanting innovations in the scheme, this design does not fountain, everything is collected, as they say "according to the textbook", you will get acquainted:

A classic bunch of triode-penter, recommended lamp modes and a minimum of body kit - characteristic features of this unit. With its simplicity, the amplifier gives 3 watts of undischarged power at frequencies from 100 Hz to 12 kHz and with an input sensitivity of 130 mV. If you do not set you to voice the concert hall, and just want to paint with friends at home - this option can be the most optimal decision. The scheme is simple, does not contain scarce parts, practically does not require configuration and is stable. If you have experience, you have to collect radio equipment, the assembly of such an amplifier will not take much time.

Moving from left to right, consider the scheme Read more. The first element in it is the R4 resistor - it is necessary to create a displacement on the grid of the trigger. Its practical role is to install the sensitivity level of the amplifier input. The higher the nominal value, the higher the sensitivity will be. On the contrary, reducing it, the amplifier input becomes less sensitive. Reduce and increase it stands at the stage of the amplifier setting. The maximum value of this resistor is usually indicated in the characteristics of the lamp. For the 6N1P lamp, which is used in our case, this value is 1 m (mega). The next element is the lamp itself, on which the pre-cascade is assembled. Instead of the specified lamp, you can use the triodes similar to it: 6N3P, 6N2P, 6N23P. The pre-cascade body kit is R2, R3 resistors and C2 condenser. The R3 resistor stands in the cathode of the lamp than the operation mode sets it. Its value is selected depending on the desired voltage testimony on the anode and based on the characteristics of the lamp. The power of the resistor may be small, in our case it will be enough and half-limited. This resistor is shunted by a capacitor C2. The capacity of this condenser is desired maximum - this will allow to overcome a part of the background, the lamp will work more stable, and this, in turn, affects the end result - sound. Since the voltage in the cathode chains is usually small, the operating voltage of the capacitor may not exceed 10 volts. In the diagram, the voltage at the cathode is no more than 1.3 - 2 volts. The latter, but not important, the element of the pre-cascade is the resistor in the anode circuit. Its nominal is defined as well as the R3 resistor. Power may not exceed 0.5 - 1 watt. The normal testing of the voltage on the anode of the lamp of this circuit will be 90 - 100 volts.

The preliminary cascade is necessary in order to "rally" the terminal, the sensitivity of which is very small. The link between the two cascades is the transition condenser C1 and variable resistor R1. Work voltage The capacitor must be at least 300 volts, it depends on how voltage will be on the anode of the trigger. As for the denomination of this capacitor - not everything is as simple as example, in the cathode chains. Through this capacitor, actually the sound goes to the next gain cascade, which means that the quality of the capacitor directly affects the sound quality. It is important to remember that the more its capacity, the better it will pass low frequencies, and vice versa than the container will be less, the better the high frequencies will be held. The transitional capacitor affects the entire color of the sound and the timbre of the entire amplifier, and can be experienced by experience: try condensers of different capacities and stop at the most you like. The R1 resistor serves to adjust the volume. Its nominal may vary from 100k to 1m. The characteristic is desirable logarithmic or straight. The biggest problem will be a crackling. The order of 90% of all resistor variables crack during their rotation and this largest spoil the overall picture. All the same experienced way was found to be the most qualitative in this regard are variable resistors of the company Alpha, if possible, try to find them.

The terminal cascade is implemented on Lamp 6P14P. The circuit of its inclusion is also typical and based on the characteristics of this penter. The only body kit of this lamp is a cathode chain. As in the triode, there is a resistor R5, which is hosted by an electrolytic capacitor C3. The power of the resistor in this case is necessary more than in the triode, and in my variant is 2 watts. The denomination is not far from the recommended 120 ohms. The capacitor in this chain can be less tank relatively with a trigger.

One of the main elements of any lamp amplifier is the output transformer. This scheme used the Soviet output sound transformer TWZ-1-1. It is designed for a load of 8 ohms and is quite acceptable for power 3-4 watts. You can also use TWZ-1-9 transformers (for load 4 Ohm). As an experiment or in case you cannot produce a sound transformer, you can try to use TEC type transformers for these purposes, but it should be remembered that the frequency response and the level of distortion in this case can significantly give up specialized transformers.

Setting and debugging The collected scheme is the selection of the details of the parts that set the lamp modes. Also here refer to the selection of the transitional capacitor. When you turn on and after a full warming of the lamps, the amplifier operates immediately. All voltages are better to measure when the amplifier warms well, after 15-20 minutes after turning on and work.

Amplifier assembly tips. Collecting a lamp amplifier, even so simple as this, it is worth remembering that one of their main problems is background. The background may occur for many reasons. In order to do not sit for hours and not to look for where in a useful signal, any nasty is spinning, you can use this technique as an assembly from the end. The meaning is that the amplifier is not collected from the beginning (preliminary cascade) and from the end (terminal). That is, the first thing we collect the pento part: we connect the output transformer, the power of the cathode chain and turn on. If the dynamics of the \\ speakers are heard a mesmer background \\ Crack - the cascade works. When you touch the finger or reserved the output of the first grid should be a characteristic sound. If the reaction does not happen - something is wrong, you should check the installation and decay of the elements, the functionality of the lamp or the output transformer with the speaker, measure the voltages and check the modes. When the terminal cascade is assembled, you can move on and collect the preliminary one. The technique is still the same: we collect, turn on and listen. Such a sequence of assembly makes it possible to determine in which of the cascades there is a background, which means that we know where to deal with it. It is important to remember about security measures - be careful, working with high voltage.

You can implement such an amplifier on different types Chassis - In this regard, your fantasy is your best assistant. It is important to remember that before drilling holes should be carefully thought out the layout of all elements outside and inside the chassis. My amplifier variant is implemented on a piece of aluminum galvanized profile with dimensions of 250mm (length) at 75mm (width) and 40mm (height). Such material for the chassis was chosen because it spends well electricity And the ground can be done directly on the chassis, and it is easy to solder to it. It looks like this:

The power supply is shifted to the left. It consists of a TAN-19 power transformer and choke, then a lamp of the output cascade, a preliminary and output transformer lamp. The preliminary cascade lamp is desirable to put on with a power transformer, since it is more sensitive to the background from alternating voltage. To reduce the background, you can also be placed in the screen. It should be dealt with each other also by force and output transformers.

All wires for which the alternating current goes better to twist with a moster of 2 - it reduces the background and does not give wires to hang out. Wires must be as short as possible, but not so much to interfere with installation and configuration.

One of the minuses of such a chassis is that it is quite harvester due to its subtlety. Also significantly spoils the overall picture of what needs to close the sidewalls chassis. That would not scratch the surface on which the amplifier stands, insulating tubes were used. Inside the installation is carried out like this:

All elements that one end are sitting on the ground, solder straight to the chassis. In general, the entire design of the amplifier was developed from the point of view of the required minimum and practicality, which allowed us to collect it for the Polev.

P.S. The design of the amplifier was as practical that it was decided to make an appliance in a full-fledged body. There was no change in the schema, but a double-sided fiberglass was used for the chassis for the chassis, and the body is made of oak steps, pre-impregnated with the veil and opened with varnish.

List of radio elements

Designation	A type	Nominal	number	Note	Score	My notebook
V1.	Radiolamp	6N1p	1			In notebook
V2.	Radiolamp	6P14P.	1	6N3P, 6N2P, 6N23P		In notebook
C1.	Capacitor	10 NF	1			In notebook
C2.		4700 IFF, 10 V	1			In notebook
C3.	Electrolytic condenser	330 μF, 10 V	1			In notebook
R1	Variable resistor	500 com	1			In notebook
R2	Resistor	110 com	1	1 W.

I have not written anything for a long time in our blog. I decided to start with such an important thing in my opinion as a choice of a guitar amplifier. I have already quite large life experience and experience on both sides - as a user and as a seller of guitar amplifiers. On both sides of the barricades, so to speak. I played a lot of amplifiers and at concerts, and in the studio, and at rehearsals. Therefore, I believe that my opinion may be interesting for you. I do not advise reading thin and sensitive thoughts, because The text consists of obscene vocabulary and in general I am a straightforward man and used to call things with my names. If my Turkic dialect does not scare you, read and enjoy;)

First Combik

If you are just starting to engage in the guitar and decided to buy a kombik or wow! Whole guitar stack home, then you should take note of the following points:

The first opinion may be deceptive. Including in the Kombik in the store you may like big choice Effects, a bunch of settings, built-in tuner and all sorts of pieces that the seller is positioning as a steep bonus. But in fact, all these bonuses are worthwhile to the manufacturer and eventually all this added "value" falls on your shoulders as a final buyer. Therefore, I took such an opinion for myself in the musical apparatus for myself: the more functions, the cheaper, in the end, each of them. This is especially noticeable in studio equipment, where the impaired effects processor are often often not suitable for a single one-chamber device, but by manually, a very serious firm. In short, in the amount you get a set of filhes, and not sound. Want a sound - pay for the sound, and not for the filhes.

If you just want to play - this is one. Here the choice is simple - take what the most likely like it - both externally and sound. Anyway you are on this moment Nothing do not understand in sound and do not understand for a very long time. So it was with me when I started, so I know what I say. Here you do not need to see some kind of context. I'm not trying to hurt you or offend, it's just the truth of life. Any novice in any business has no idea about nuances. To grow to them, you need to try a lot personally. Only for own experience It grows an understanding of the right guitar sound personally for you.

If you do not just play yourself, then read the article to the end. Maybe you will be able to cut off a couple of angles on your musical path.

We summarize the conclusions on this item: if you begin - take any amplifier you like. And do not think about anything else. Just buy it and play it. it important moment. It is not necessary to smoke the brain with the choice of brands, models, compare infinitely different ammunition and reviews on them. And even more so read posts on forums, where they write the same as novice people, do not understand anything in sound. The most important thing is that you have to learn from the very beginning - this is what only has its own price and it is fully justified, otherwise this product would not sell in the store for this money. If it is for sale, then there are buyers who pay this money.

Do not understand the countries of production: China is not China. It's useless. I will not even explain why, because it is already a fascinating. Every time you are asked: and what a country of production. All that I can answer is "Blyaaaaa ...." You have the amount of money in the wallet. Excel from your capabilities and just buy the best option, guided by your own hearing and eyes. No, you, of course, can not listen to me and do everything in your own way - with forums, advisers and long flour of choice. But in fact, you will still take what you have enough money. That's all. This is at best. In the worst, you so do not decide on anything, throw music, start drinking, my wife will leave and you will die by a bum under the fence.

Why am I not writing about the sound here? Because the first amplifier at the guitarist is not about the sound, it is about the classroom at home with the first real sound. Not through your cumbersome super-high-fi-changing-whale music Center, and through a specialized guitar apparatus. For the first time you will understand why the guitar amplifier is the subject of the essential necessary for classes on the electric guitar. Do not understand until you buy. Do not buy - do not understand. If you are satisfied with your music center or computer - good luck and success, then you can not read.

First lamp amplifier

With a rather high probability, you will throw classes on the guitar, because in order to be perfected and for a long time to do without any visible results, you must have a certain warehouse of the nature. Most likely, it is not about you. Good. You managed with a small blood, bought an inexpensive transistor bunch and you don't even break the fact that it dust with your home on the balcony. It is possible to fuse her to cheaper or just give to someone. Alles Gut!

I am very happy if I am mistaken at your account. And your flaming heart is still grown rock and roll and world glory. After you play guitar processors and transistor combins (some it does not pass until the end of life), you will try a good lamp amplifier. Perhaps you will hear him at a concert when you stand in front of the scene, and the guitar office will fade you in your face with all your decibels. Or maybe you will hear it on rap database, where you will come to rehearse with your first group. Fact remains fact. You will understand that this big sound and this is the transistor front in your houses have quite a few common. At home from the transistor, your ears quickly get tired, and on the rap base, driving into a guitar stack and hitting the strings on high volume You suddenly understand what kind of kaif to play rock and that you really have eggs.

I extremely orthodoxal in my opinion about the fact that the guitar amplifier should only be lamps. Everything else is toys. Will we now talk about campaigns and AKS EFS, ok? Let them preserve on the stage at least 30 years 30, then let's talk. The sooner you understand, why do you need a lamp amplifier, the faster you will grow as a guitarist. Nothing can change my opinion. Well, except that, if only right now, a flying saucer and an aliens will arrive from the cosmos will show me something that overshadows the whole history of guitar sound, over which Corpels are so many light minds of humanity. I think that the probability of this is negligible, and therefore the thesis about the "warm lamp sound" is still rather an axiom than nonsense of old paralytic.

So, you realized that there is something to strive for. Your favorite guitarists play on these amplifiers, you saw it in the clips and on YouTube. You know exactly now the secret of their sound. Clear pepper, the secret is not in the fingers, namely in the device. This is a standard fairy tale that manufacturers and sellers will be used to the end of life. After all, they need to sell you their goods. Let's at least try to do it in love.

Having understood with a new vital necessity in "warm and lamps" sound, you start to save long and stubbornly, because you want the most amp like J. J. Johnson. All the rest of the Tlen. By itself. Lamp amplifier It is already more difficult to buy, because it costs more. And the nonsense is already to take it seems to do not want. You have already passed through it, and maybe more than once. Your home, most likely, do not share your love for a guitar terror, so the support is not to wait for their part. You stay alone with your dream. This is a great check on the stitching of you as a musician. Can you confront the opinions of others who say "score your guitar, go to work in Gazprom or the State Duma"? Can you? I exaggerate, but the point is the same. You will need to choose. I just want to warn you that there will be no end of your desire to buy expensive things in the future. It is not easy, and, on the other hand, it is fine. It motivates, charges and gives pleasure. After all, if it makes sense in life, it is to live it, making what you like. There is no single guitar amplifier, buying which you calm down. There are many different and they are all beautiful.

I could tell you about different lamps, different types of amplifiers, brands, but this is a fascinating journey, in which I inhapply inspire you to go on your own towards a pleasant discoveries.

Nevertheless, if you buy your "first lamp", I would not advise to save for a long time on some top model. And that's why. First, they will be too loud. You need to understand that the lamp equipment is revealed only in the mode when it works on a maximum of 50% of the maximum. It does not sound on the low volume. You can adjust yourself with all sorts of power attenuators, but you yourself will understand that these are all toys. Thus, buying 50 W and a more powerful guitar amplifier, you just can't get pleasure from him, unless of course your pleasure is exclusively in contemplating a huge cabinet in the corner of your room, which will love to sleep your cat.

Moreover, you will not understand the difference between 50 and 100 W amplifier. Most likely. To estimate it, you need to play on the very same volume in a specially prepared soundproofed room. Rep base is usually such a place and is. There will be no house of this sound. Believe me, your neighbors and local precinct this will not be allowed. Therefore, if you want to do at home with a lamp sound, you need to buy a low-power amplifier. For understanding, the lamp amplifiers sound much louder transistor. I am not a physicist and I can not explain it, but my 15 W lamp combice is yelling louder drums and I have never had a desire to sell it and buy something "more powerful" to rap database. With the fact that there are 50 W amplifiers nearby and I play on that and on this with the same pleasure.

It turns out that for the home, for the family is a maximum of 15 W. There are 1 W tubing amplifiers and believe it is quite loud.

Let's return to the question of accumulating on the amplifier as your favorite star. The second reason is not to save for a long time - this is what you do not need to wait so long to not boot from lamp sound. Cheaper options sound already 3 heads better than any transistor apparatus. Therefore, proceed primarily from expediency. Most likely, you will not work, and if your group suddenly starts playing concerts, then there are something in the clubs on the stage, in this "something" you can play at first.

If you become a popular artist, you will bring everything on a rider that you ask for the scene, and if you do not become, well, maybe not then? If buying first of all will stand at your home - take a low-power amplifier, which will be better revealed on a small volume. If you built your rap database or play concerts often, then you should buy something more powerful, because in clubs are mostly walled. And for the state, there are few people watching them. But you will understand all this yourself when it comes to this thing, here I will not open any America. And that, I would advise you to start with small power and try it in different conditions. It may be that your favorite amplifier will be the very 15 W Combian, which everyone likes so on our database, despite the neighboring louder boxes.

It turns out that the 50-100 W Amplifier does not need to buy? No need if you are not a concert artist.

I can also explain why you need to buy a loud amplifier, but I will not become. This article is written for beginners and, in my opinion personal experienceTo the justified need to purchase a real full-fledged large guitar amplifier yield only units. They all play on stage, more often is either work, or a very serious hobby with musical material at the global level.

"But how to choose a brand?" - you ask. And you will be right if you ask, because the first thing you should think about our turbulent time is how just you will get rid of your purchase, if suddenly you don't get rid of show business. Therefore, it makes sense to take the brand, about which everyone knows or at least every guitarist. Thank God, except Marshall and Fender, a lot of things appeared, which has long been considered no less cool, so you actually have a choice.

Rules of purchase as always simple: Like how it sounds - take it. I don't care about watts, even though there are three hundred there. Of course, before such a serious purchase, it is worth damaging in theory. Reviews for the lamp apparatus usually write people who are already something from themselves as musicians, so they make sense to listen. The main thing is not to climb on the debris and do not arrange the forum battles, and also separate the grain from the challenge. "Used the amplifier personally," and "I heard, watched the visions, read reviews" - these are two big differences. The first will tell you your authoritative opinion on the topic, and the second is just a balabol and empty. It is fine that in our time there is already some things to ask. At least call us to the store or write. Not necessarily to buy anything. If you are going to buy a lamp amplifier, I think it's just a crime not to ask us a free advice.

Well, perhaps, everything. It's time for me to despair with the country of sweet hřody. I will try to write more for you this year, first of all, from myself personally and your thoughts. Do not be surprised if they are not only about music. In fact, everything is interconnected in life, but about it in another article.

Thank you for reading. Play Rock in the name Ronnie James Dio, it is famous for his name!

P.S. Write a review about our store on Yandex Market, the karma will go.

In which the amplifier is combined with an acoustic system, individual heads are produced and sold to the cabinets. In our store you can , that is, acoustic systems with one speaker or their set, heads, commissions and other devices.

Varieties, pros and cons of individual amplifiers

A set of guitar heads and 1-2 cabinets (chairs, stacks) is more expensive than a community, and takes more space, but it is able to provide greater power in comparison with the merbs.

Buying an expensive guitar amplifier of considerable power justified only if you plan to use it at concerts or at least at rehearsals. At home, turn on the sound at full power inappropriately, and if the system is used less than half the rated power, all its advantages will not be able to feel.

A guitar amplifier consists of a preamplifier collecting and forming sound, and the tip that exercises its gain. Both of these components can be created using lamps or transistors. From the point of view of purity and sound quality, the best guitar amplifiers are lamps, but they have shortcomings: high price and bulky sizes. Combining in one instrument (hybrid) lamp preamp with the transistor end allows you to get a cheaper product with a fairly high-quality sound.

Assortment of guitar heads and prices

We offer lamp and hybrid amplifiers with a capacity of 1 to 120 W, with different number channels and sets of additional functions. In our store you can buy an amplifier for an acoustic or electric guitar. By purchasing model S. additional features, built-in effects, pay attention to their set: not everything that is good for the electric guitar will be appropriate for acoustics.

Prices for guitar amplifiers start from 9000 rubles. (low-power hybrid Fighter H from Yerasov for home use) and reach 85,000 rubles. (Pure lamp grandmeister 36 from Hughes & Kettner, with a power of 36 W, four-channel, with a flexible system of programmable settings and the possibility of remote control).

November 17th, 2010

So. As I already wrote, I already fight for about 3 months best scheme And the most interesting on the sound of the lamp amplifier. The goal is to do with the smallest loss of both financial and as a sound to make a lamp amplifier with your own hands. I tried a few lamps of different types And manufacturers first my amplifier in the case collected with their own hands it was 2 lamp at 6P6C and 6N9C. Lamp 6P6C (but right things still collect Marshal 18 watts on Lamps type 6P14P, 6P14P-EB, 6P43P Well, Kone What's on the original EL84) I really liked the sound optimal option For guitar. 6n9c is a double trigger so, in order to save space, we replace it on 6n2p more than modern fellow. Having played a month on a single amplifier, I still understood that there is no. Little! It is necessary to carry something more and louder. I read several dozen articles from the forums, I understood what principle they work I first tried the scheme on 3 lamps and then all the same returned to the 4th lamp diagram Marshall 18 Watt.

Marshall 18 Watt Scheme

on Yandex.Photes

Schemes differ only on the rates, I personally did both on the bottom, but I leave the choice for you.

(To view in a large size, go over the link to the photo and select "in the other size\u003e Original")

The schemes presented are Lite versions

IN general scheme Stara as the world, let's say the classics of musical sound. One of the most common schemes of the famous company. This amplifier has even its own website where hundreds of replicas options. And so, the process of buying and selecting parts has begun. At that time I had a pair of lamps 6p6c and a pair of lamps 6N2p before the platforms were bought. Then I began to search for transformers. The output transformer can be ordered in the online store from Erasov, or try to find something similar on collapse. I found a transformer on the radio market in Tsaritsino. Used the CCI 245-127 / 220-50, the primary windings are just in the topic for dividing
semitments from lamps, and secondary 15-16 and 17-18 that is 10 + 10 volt
winding.

To reduce noise immediately after a diode bridge, it is recommended to install a small throttle. I used D22, though he and a small in the current, but there was nothing fatal with him. Lamps can be ordered either in the same Erasovo or in the online store http://www.istok2.com/. All accompanying details either buy where we can buy, or score yourself.

Next, make a chassis. Chassis is the basis on which all installation is made. You can buy that about $ 100, but you can make an old computer case. As I actually entered. Old AT Case His upper lid and both walls is a single bent leaf. Memore how much we need and scream.

"" On Yandex.Photes

"" On Yandex.Photes

I did the food fee on the textolite.

Do not forget about the currents! So it would have grabbed 6.3 volts to all lamps. I had to buy separate transformer 4 * 6.3 to power all 4 lamps. Also unforgettable clutch 6.3 volts to the common "-". Even of the recommendations for nutrition, I can only say that if possible, try to break the heat and 300v on different tumbler. Since the nozzle is best served on a warm lamp.

on Yandex.Photes

At first I was lazy and dished in fact as it fell. Everything is very scary, Phonite buzzes in short chaos. So better immediately and conscience. But at this stage it is recommended to decide where you have what will be. And clean practical recommendations I can advise to lay a lamp on the opposite side from the front panel. And do not throw !!! The case does not paint if you are not sure. We will have to disassemble and repaint the chassis!

The board can be done from anything, the main thing is that everything is clean and neatly. And with the smallest range of wires for which the signal flows. And the food just try to focus in one place and put all the wires on one harness.

If we all collected and everything works with us, it should be like this.

(The article is not finished and will add, ahead of painting, assembling the head of the head and the cabinet small setting and sample!)

Again, the recommendation, before drilling holes, think carefully or on the knee, try which configuration will be in your end. Two boards were fastened to mount the chassis to the body to the side walls. Amplifier do it yourself He actually suggests that you will all do and redo 150 times if everyone originally do not think.

Now a little about laying wires. Of my recommendations ... Immediately after the nests, the resistor on the overall (-) 1m is installed, mounted it on right on the legs of the lamp, the wire from the sockets is strictly shielded.

6.3 volts heat wires should be woven into a tight pigtail ( twisted para).

All common wires (land) are reduced to one point, such installation is called a star. We carry out the wire from any old throttle section 0.75. If you find, it is necessary to do from Laco-Tkini, but in the princer you can use any cambrick to use.

Well, as I said that you have to repaint the chassis.

In the end, I only left the master volume, the rest of Mishuur just threw out.

In order to avoid current in the playful handles, I put the grid. The mesh is ordinary, garden, bought on any construction market. For aesthetics painted black.

Side shifts are screwed to the walls and the grid is mounted on them.

I remind you for those who have already lost the thought, we have been doing for several months Lamp amplifier for guitar with their own hands.

Thank you all for help, for the information. I give some more references to articles with. Http://rumapucm.ya.ru The scheme was completely recycled and from So Light was made yet Light.

In fact, the sheltered amplifier Marshal 18 Watt I unfortunately collected a non-original scheme and earthyled output lamps on the actal. It comes it indiscriminately changes the sound all the same Marshal 18. An amplifier is considered to 6P14P (EL84)

The amplifier has all the attributes of its "senior brothers" - prototypes. The presence of two regulators (amplification and volume) allows you to flexibly redistribute the enhancement of the path cascades for the desired sound. To expand the functionality, the amplifier has two inputs of different sensitivity, and the change in the gain coefficient allows you to get a sound from clean Clean to a powerful and dense overdrive with a Sustain "Ohm. EFFECTS EFFECT EFFECTS - EFFECTS LOOP - Gives wide opportunities For experiments with sound using external pedals of effects or guitar processors. A two-band timbre regulator provides deep adjustment frequency characteristics amplifier. Output switch for two nominal resistance values \u200b\u200b(8 or 16 Ohm) acoustic system And the duty mode switch makes the appearance of the amplifier.

The amplifier was tested together with the electric lady Yamaha EG 112, with a set of SSH pickups, when working with guitar offices (loudspeakers), having dynamic heads of size 6 "(BCS 0608), 8" (TESLA), 10 "(PSR1030), 12" (4a -32). For home Application It is better to use a loudspeaker with a head of 6 or 8 inches that does not create a large sound pressure. In the premises of greater volume, the best results gives the use of heads of 10 and even 12 inches.

On nonlinear distortions, the parameters of this amplifier can be compared with the FENDER BLUES JUNIOR amplifier (model 1995), which, with a power of 13 W on tonal signal And the load of 8 ohms has a 5% harmonic coefficient is quite permissible for guitar amplifiers.

Specifications

Input resistance (on the X1 connector), mom		1
Input resistance (on the X2 connector), com		500
Sensitivity in the entrance
	Low, MV.	22
	(in HG mode)	8,5
Sensitivity in the entrance
	HIGH, MV	1,8
	(in HG mode)	0,8
	(with jumper S1)	0,8
	(with jumper S1 + HG)	0,3
Load resistance, Ohm		8, 16
Output power, W, with harmonic coefficient not more than 5%		10...12
The level of integral interference, dB		-68
Frequency range by level -3 dB, Hz		60...9000

The sensitivity values \u200b\u200bof both inputs are indicated taking into account the combination of jumper inclusion (jumper) S1 and SA1 switch (HG mode) marked in brackets.

Description of the scheme and features of the amplifier

Principal electrical circuit The amplifier is shown in Fig. one.

Fig.1. Schematic scheme Guitar amplifier

The signal supplied to the X2 input (HIGH) enters the R1C3 FDX, which helps to reduce the HF of noise and tip, and also prevents the input to the input of broadcasting stations. Next, the signal enters the pre-amplification cascade. It is made on a low noise nuvistore 6c51n-in (VL1) installed on a separate printed circuit board. To reduce their own cascade noise, the resistance of the mesh leakage resistor is reduced to 510 com and lowered the anode power supply. The cascade gain is 10. When the S1 is installed, the C5 condenser is connected parallel to the R4 resistor and the gain increases to 30. To exclude the microphone effect when using the X2 input, the amplifier should not be positioned by acoustic column When working at high power levels.

Low input (X1 connector) has a smaller sensitivity. The input signal is supplied to the control grid of trio 6N2P-EB (VL2.1) through the R6C6 circuit, providing the incidence of ACH amplifier in the interval of 2 ... 5 kHz. This creates a brighter tool sound, known as Bright. The gain of the cascade is 50. To increase the stability of its operation, the anode load in the form of a resistor R9 is shunting with capacitor 08, the capacity of which affects the response of the ACH amplifier.

The enhanced signal from the anode load of the VL2.1 trio variation through the C9 separator capacitor is supplied to the R12 gain controller - GAIN. Capacitor C12 together with a part of the resistor of the amplification regulator provides the rise of the frequency response in the region 2 ... 5 kHz, its action stops in the upper position of the resistor engine. From the gain controller, the signal is supplied to the VL2.2 grid.

The cascade on the VL2.2 triode is used to enhance and compensate for the attenuation of the signal in the temperatureblob, and at high levels of the enhanced signals - to restrict them. With a large strengthening of previous cascades and high level The input signal of the cascade comes out of the linear amplification mode - it is overloaded and limiting the enhanced signals, which leads to the enrichment of the spectrum of the signal by harmonics and creates the characteristic buzzing sound of the OverDrive effect.

To increase the stability of the cascade at high frequencies, the anode load of the trio is shunted by a low capacitor capacitor, which also affects the ACH amplifier in the high-frequency area. The selection of the gain coefficient is produced by the SA1 switch. When it is open contacts, the gain is 20, with closed - 48. To exclude high-profile clicks when switching, a resistor R15 is used, which ensures the flow of the C13 capacitor charging current.

The signal from the anode load R17 through the C17 condenser enters the timbre regulator. The separation of lanes of the LC and HF regulators is located in the region of 600 ... 800 Hz. With the middle position of the tone control knobs, the block transmission coefficient is approximately -22 dB. To limit the spectrum of enhanced signals in the tract, the R29C21 is installed in the path, it defines the recession of the gain in the highest frequency area and filters the "non-communication" components of the spectrum. It favorably affects the purity of sound when working with OverDrive. The high-resistant output of the gauge is connected to the input of the source repeater on field transistor VT1, which eliminates the influence of the cascade to work the debt.

To expand functionality, the "loop of effects" is built into the amplifier - Effects Loop. The signal to external devices (effect pedals, guitar processor) is removed from the R13 resistor of the founder on the VT1 transistor and through the C16 condenser enters the R19 level controller (x3 Send). To ensure the necessary load capacity of this output, the transistor rest current is set to 4 mA. The low output resistance of the cascade reduces the effect of the connectivity of the connecting cable and provides normal operation with devices having an input resistance of at least 10 com. Processed by external devices, the returned signal is supplied through the X4 RET connector on the R26 level control. Input Resistance to the RET input - 50 com sufficient to connect external devices with elevated output resistance. The presence of regulators allows you to optimize the input and output levels of signals in the effect loop. With the exclusion of the effects of the effects of the effects, the resist resistor R30 must be increased to 1 mΩ, and the signal from the exit of the R29C21 exit to the resistor of the Volume regulator R30.

In the absence of external devices included in the effects of the effects, the signal from the output of the Forest repeater via the Volume regulator R30 (Master Volume) enters the input of the phase inverter cascade forming paraphase signaling signals of the two-stroke output cascade. Various inclusion in variable current Two phase triodes of the phase inverter causes a small difference in the amplitude of the signals on the anode load resistors. Their equalization is achieved by the selection of the resistor R39. The increasing coefficient of the phase inverter cascade is 24.

The terminal cascade (VL3, VL4) is made according to the two-stroke scheme on the radial amets of the combined lamps 6F3P, their triodinal parts are used in the phase inverter cascade. The light cascade lamps operate with a fixed displacement in AB1 mode, i.e. without grid currents. Such an offset makes it easy to optimize operation mode to obtain a maximum output power with a higher efficiency with permissible nonlinear distortions.

The regulator of the balance of rest of the lamps (R40) is possible to compensate for the spread in the modes of the lamps used to reduce nonlinear distortion and eliminating the addition of the transformer magnetic pipeline by the difference current of the lamps. The R33 resistor regulates the offset voltage by installing the necessary rest of the lamps.

The rest of the lamps (2x30 mA) is installed by controlling the voltage drop at cathode resistors R47 and R48. Their resistance is 1 ohms (deviation no more than ± 1%). The voltage drop on these resistors, measured in millivolts, is numerically equal to the amount of the anode currents and the screen mesh lamps expressed in milliamperes. The supply voltage of the anodes and screen grids of the terminal cascade lamps is supplied through the R53 simmering resistor, which, together with C41, forms a filter that reduces the level of pulsation of the voltage of the terminal and phase-transverse cascades.

The power supply is constructed using a network transformer comparatively low-voltage for such devices. The required voltage of anodic power is formed by a rectifier with voltage doubling on VD4 diodes, VD5. To obtain a voltage -47 V (for a mesh displacement) and +49 V (for the stabilizer with an output voltage of +9 c), an alternating voltage from one section of the anode winding (-27 V) was used. Anodic winding when working acquires the potential relative to the total wire of approximately +130 V, so the C32 capacitors are introduced for the "junction" of the VD2 rectifier bridge, C34. In addition, this option for the inclusion of diode bridges allows you to get almost doubled straightened voltage. Oxide capacitors C31, C35 in the offset voltage rectifier are performed. diode bridge VD3. When installing, it is necessary to pay attention to the polarity of the inclusion of these oxide capacitors, since the violation of this polarity will lead to their overheating and destruction.

The required current for nutrition of the lamp heaters is achieved by parallel with the connection of all the transformer's slot winding. The rectifier bridge VD6 with C42 capacitor provides the power supply of VL1 and VL2 lamps dCthat practically eliminates the background of a frequency of 100 Hz.

To extend the life of the lamps, anodic power should be included after heating the cathodes of lamps, and during breaks in the operation of the amplifier, the anodic power is advisable to turn off the SA4 switch (STB).

Anodic power supply to phaseinvertex and preliminary cascades is supplied through choke L1, which, together with C26 condenser and RC filters, R5C1, R25C18 effectively suppresses the pulsation of the supply voltage.

Design and details

The chassis is made of galvanized iron with a thickness of 0.6 ... 0.8 mm. The advantage of this design is the availability of material and ease of manufacture at home. This chassis effectively shields the amplifier cascades from magnetic and electric fields, has a pleasant appearance And not subject to corrosion. The chassis blank for the size of the amplifier installation components is shown in Fig. 2. Dimensions (VHDHSH) - 50x280x150 mm.

Fig.2. Drawing of a lamp guitar amplifier chassis

After cutting the blanks, even before flexible, you need to do all the holes for the installation elements. Then in the seed ground, on the inside of the chassis, a cutter made of a hacksaw blade, to make grooves a depth of approximately 1/3 ... 1/2 from the thickness of the metal, it will make it easy and smoothly on the edge of the table to bend the chassis. The place of the joint of the walls in the corners will be sued all over. Additionally, in the corners of the chassis chassis brass racks with a diameter of 8 ... 10 and a length of 6 ... 10 mm with a M3 thread, it provides additional strength and rigidity of the entire design. In the future, the lower chassis cover will be fixed to these racks.

All printed circuit boards are made of foil fiberglass with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

Drawing pCB and the location on it elements pre-amplifier On the nuvistore (VL1) is shown in Fig. 3 (rectangular holes under flat connectors' conclusions are formed by drilling a drill with a gate). PCB drawing and location of the source of the offset voltage and stabilized voltage +9 V are shown in Fig. 4. Similar drawings for the loop of the effects of the effects are shown in Fig. 5, and for the output socket board for connecting acoustics and a protective resistor - in Fig. 6 (Disposable contacts are connected in parallel).

Fig.3. Pre-amplifier printed circuit board

Fig.4. Drawing of the bias voltage source

Fig.5. Drawing of the circuit board hinge effects

Fig.6. Drawing of the output socket circuit board

Decorative front I. rear panels Made of aluminum with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Their sizes are 280x60 mm.

Cases of oxide capacitors C18, C26, C39-C41, C43 insulated with a shrink tube. Capacitors C26, C41, C43 are fixed by clamps from tin on aluminum plates with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The plates are mounted on tubular racks with a height of 10 mm, with holes for screws of the fastening of transformers.

The throttle L1 is made from the transformer of the tag subscriber loudspeaker. Its new winding is wound with PAL-0.15 wire before filling the frame. The cross section of the magnetic pipeline is 12.7x5.3 mm with a core height of 15 mm, although it is permissible to use any other with a large core volume. The plates are assembled, without a non-magnetic clearance, at low current values, it is permissible. The inductance L1, measured without a volumetric flow, is 10 Gn, active resistance Winding - 145 ohms.

Most of the parts of the amplifier is mounted by mounting using vertical mounting racks. To accommodate a number of elements having a compound connection with a shared wire, it was very convenient to use the mounting planks of 4 ... 5 mm wide, made of foil styling glassstolite. Around the holes under the screws of the foil slats removed. On the bar, where the parts of the cascade with the VL2 lamp are mounted, the platforms for soldering parts connected with other nodes are additionally cut in foil; In the photo it can be seen. The numbering of the lamp conclusions specified on the scheme is most convenient for mounting the cascade. For the supply of power supply VL1, VL2, a twisted pair from single-core wires with a diameter of 0.5 ... 0.6 mm was made. The power supply of the terminal cascade lamps is made by peeling wires of the MGSV-0,35.

Connecting the output of the pre-amplifier board to the cascade on the VL2.1 trioode is made by shielded wire. Screen strip from both ends is soldered to petals and connected to the chassis.

Capacitor C39 is set on the chassis on insulating sleeves. Its housing is under voltage equal to half anode.

To eliminate damage to the output transformer, when the amplifier is turned on, the load resistor R54 is 5 W (PEV or imported production of the SQP type by 5-10 W) and the resistance of 20 ... 30 ohms. R53 filter resistor (PEV 7.5 - PEV 10) is installed in the chassis basement. It also limits the impulse of the charging current of the capacitors when the anode voltage is turned on.

Permanent resistors of the loop of effects and sources +9 V and offset - MLT-0.25. The remaining - MLT-0.5 or imported MF. It is permissible to use some resistors and less power (see Scheme). Variables R12 resistors, R18. R28, R30 - SP-P or SP3-30, with the inverse streaming dependence of resistance to the resistance from the angle of rotation (group B). The use of group A resistors (with linear addiction) It is undesirable for regulators, it will make it difficult to control the amplification and volume, especially at small levels, and makes rude tone adjustment. Resistance to the resistor R30 can be increased to 470 com and more. Metal covers of variable resistors R12, R18, R28, R30 you need to connect the wire with the chassis. The R19, R26 housings of the effects of the effects are also connected by the conductor (under the nut) with the shared wiring of the board. R40 trimming resistor - wire PP2-11, PP3-11 or PPB-1 B. R19, R26, R33 resistors - SP4-1 with a capacity of 0.5 W. Resistor R53 - PEV with a power of 7.5 or 10 W.

Capacitors C26, C41, C43 - oxide K50-27. Capacitors C39, C40 - K50-12. Permanent capacitors in the anode and grid chains of cascades must have minimal leakage currents. You can use film or paper K73-17, K40U-9, BMT-2 and the same to voltage 400-630 V. Capacitors C32, C34 - K73-16B, possible replacement - K73-14. Capacitors in the payload - K10-17.

SA1 switch - MT-1 toggle switch, Switch SA3 - MT-3 toggle switch. Switches SA2, SA4 - imported with a built-in indicator lamp (ballast resistors in the neon lamp chains in the diagram are not shown). Connectors x1, x2, x5 - jack 6.35 mm (ST-020) with two pairs of contacts on opening, connectors x3, x4 - with three pairs.

Lamps 6N2P-EB can be replaced by any of its modifications, and 6c51n-V - by any triode nuvistor (with some correction of the mode). When installing the anode currents of the preliminary cascades lamps operating at small amplitudes of signals, increase the anode current over 1 mA it is impractical, it will not improve their work.

A network unified TPP252-127 / 220-50 is used as the output transformer, it is also possible to use the rolled TN33-127 / 220-50. At the same time, it is necessary to make a conversion of the coefficient of transformation of the windings. In the power supply, a network anodogne-slim transformer TAN 1-220-50 is applied. Best replacement It will be Tang 13-220-50 (without changing the inclusion scheme).

LITERATURE

1. Tsykin A.V. Electronic amplifiers. - M.: Radio and Communication, 1982.

V. Ovsyannikov, Perm

Magazine "Radio" 2012, № 2-3