Charger diagram on Schottky diodes. Simple chargers for battery. How to make a diode bridge

Pretty popular situation among motorists is full discharge battery, especially in winter time years and as usual the charger is not at hand. What if you got into such a situation? In this article, you will get the most popular ways to charge batteries without special costs.

Diode and ordinary lamp to help. One of the most simple ways Recharge the battery, and most importantly is very cheap, because for work you will need only two elements - simple lamp incandescent and diode.

The diode is cut off one half-wave, so works as a rectifier, but the only minus is the second half-wave, that is, the current will still be pulsed, but the battery will be able to recharge. The correct question will be correct, and what level of current you get at the output, because the charging current depends on how long the battery will last you. It's simple, the current depends on the light bulb, which can be taken within 40-100 watts and everything will be fine.

The lamp plays the role of an excessive and voltage extender, the diode is a rectifier, and since it is connected to an industrial network, it should be quite powerful, otherwise there will be a breakdown. Current 10 amp, but the rated diode voltage must be 400 volts.

When working diode allocates a large number of Heat, which means that it needs to be cooled, the easiest option to install on an aluminum plate or radiator with old electronics.

In the figure, the easiest option with one diode, but in this case the current will fall at least twice as well, which means the battery charge will be held in a more gentle mode, but also longer. If you use 150 cotton lamps, then complete charge It will happen in 6-12 hours. If the time is completely small, then the strength of the current can be quite simple to increase, for this, the light bulb is changed to more powerful equipment, such as heaters or even electric plates.

Boiler for charging.

This option works as a similar principle, but an additional plus appeared, the output after straightening will be clean d.C. Without any ripples thanks to a diode bridge, which smoothes both half-waves.

As a quenching load, there is a conventional boiler, but it can be replaced with other options, even on the same lamp at the first option. The diode bridge can be bought ready or pull from old electrical appliances, but its voltage should wash at least 400 volts, and the current is at least 5 amps.

The diode bridge is also installed on the heat sink for better cooling, because it will warm up very much. If there is no finished option, the bridge can be collected from 4 diodes, but their voltage and current should be equal and no less than in the bridge itself.

But for reliability you can put and much more powerful items. Schottky is ready-made assemblies from diodes, but their reverse voltage is completely small, about 60 volts, which means they will instantly burn.

The third, But no less popular option is a condenser. The main plus of this option is a condenser that will extinguish pulsation. This charger is safer compared to the past variants. The charge current is installed using the capacitance of the capacitor based on the formula:

I \u003d 2 * pi * f * c * u

U. - Network voltage, at the entrance of the rectifier approximately 210-236 volts.f - the frequency of the network, but it acts as a constant and is 50 Hz.
C. - Capacitive volume of the condenser itself.
pI - The number Pi, equal to 3.14.

To charge the car battery within an hour will have to collect large capacitive modules, but this option is complex and very bad for the battery, therefore it will be enough to use condensers about 20 μF. The capacitor must be a film type and work voltage Must be 250 or more volts.

All motorists fell into such an unpleasant situation. There are two outputs: to start a car with a charged battery from a neighbor car (if a neighbor is not against), on the jargon of motorists it sounds like "searcate". Well, the second way is to charge the battery.

When I got into this situation for the first time, I realized that I urgently need a charger. But I did not have an extra thousand rubles to buy a charger. On the Internet found very simple schema And I decided to assemble the charger with my own forces.

I simplified the transformer scheme. Winding from the second column is denoted with a stroke.

F1 and F2 are fuses. F2 is needed to protect against short circuit At the output of the chain, and F1 - from exceeding the voltage in the network.

Description of the collected device

That's what I did. It looks so-so, but the main thing works.

Transformer

Now everything is in order. The power transformer of the TS-160 or TC-180 brand can be obtained from old black and white TVs "record", but I did not find it and went to a radio car. Let's see him closer.

Here are the petals where the conclusions of the transformer windings are sold.

But here directly on the transformer there is a sign, on which petals which voltage. This means that if you serve on the petal number 1 and 8,220 volts, then on the petals number 3 and 6 we obtain 33 volts and the maximum strength of the current in the load of 0.33 amperes and TD. But we are most interested in windings №13 and 14. We can get 6.55 volts and maximum current of 7.5 amps.

In order to charge the battery, we just need a great current. But we do not have enough voltage ... The battery gives 12 volts, but in order to charge it, the charging voltage should exceed the battery voltage. 6,55 volts here will not fit. Charger should issue 13-16 volts. Therefore, we are resorting to a very cunning solution.

As you noticed, the transformer consists of two columns. Each column duplicates another column. Places where the conclusions of the windings are numbered. In order to increase the voltage, we need to simply connect two windings sequentially. To do this, connect the windings 13 and 13 'and remove the voltage from the windings 14 and 14'. 6.55 + 6.55 \u003d 13.1 volts. Here we get such an alternating voltage.

Diode bridge

In order to straighten an alternating voltage, we use the diode bridge. We collect a diode bridge on powerful diodes, because the decent power will be passed through them. For this, we will need d242a diodes or some other, calculated on the current from 5 amps. Through our power diodes, a direct current of up to 10 amps can flow, which is ideal for our self-control charge.

You can also separate the diode bridge immediately ready module. The diode bridge of the KSRS5010 is suitable, which can be bought on Ali by this link or in the nearest radio log

Fully planted battery possesses low voltage. As charging, the voltage on it is becoming more and more. Therefore, we have a current in the chain at the very beginning of charging will be very large, and then it will decline. According to the Joule-Lenza law, heating diodes will occur with high strength. Therefore, in order not to burn them, you need to select heat from them and dispel in the surrounding space. For this we need radiators. As a radiator, I disassemble the non-working computer power supply, cut the tin on the strips and screwed to them along the diode.

Ammeter

What is the ammeter in the scheme? In order to control the charging process.

Do not forget to connect the ammeter sequentially load.

When the battery is completely discharged, it begins to eat (the word "eat" I think here is inappropriate) current. He eats about 4-5 amps. As you charge, it eats less and less current. Therefore, when the appliance arrow will show 1 amp, the battery can be considered charged. Everything is brilliant and simple :-).

Crocodiles

Display two crocodiles for battery terminals from our charger. When charging, do not confuse polarity. It is better to somehow mark them or take different colors.

If everything is properly assembled, then on crocodiles we must see this form of the signal (in the idea of \u200b\u200bthe tops should be smoothed, as sinusoid), but except for something to our electricity provider))). For the first time you see something like that? Running here!

Impulses constant voltage Better charge battery than pure constant current. And how to get a pure constant current from the variable is described in the article how to get constant from alternating voltage.

Conclusion

Do not be lazy to modify your device with fuses. Ratings of fuses in the diagram. Do not check the voltage on the trigger's crocodiles on the spark, otherwise the fuse is deprived.

Attention! The diagram of this memory is designed for fast charging Your battery in critical cases when it is urgently to go somewhere in 2-3 hours. Do not use it for everyday circulation, as the charge goes with maximum current, which is not the best charging mode for your battery. When the electrolyte will start to "boil" and in the surrounding space, poisonous pairs will begin.

Those who are interested in the theory of charging devices (memory), as well as schemes of normal memory, then in mandatory, download this book on this link. It can be called the Bible across the charger.

Buy car charger

Aliexpress has really good and intelligent charging, which is much easier than ordinary transformer charging devices. Their price is on average from 1000 rubles.

Very often there is a problem with charging a car battery, while the charger is not at hand, how to be in this case? Today I decided to print this article where everything intends to clarify famous methods Charging a car battery, I wonderful true? Go!

Method first - lamp and diode

Snapshot13 This is one of the most simple ways to charge, since the "charger" in theory consists of two components - an ordinary incandescent lamp and a rectifier diode. The main disadvantage of this charging is that the diode cuts only the lower half-period, therefore at the output of the device we do not have a completely permanent current, but you can charge the car battery to this current!

Light bulb - the most ordinary, you can take a 40/60/100 watt lamp than more powerful lampThe greater the current at the exit, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe lamp is only for toopate.

The diode, as already said to straighten alternating voltage, it must be powerful, it must be designed for the reverse voltage of at least 400 volts! The current diode should be more than 10a! This is a prerequisite, a very advise diode to install on the heat sink, you may have to additionally cool it.

And in the figure, an option with one diode, however, in this case, the current will be 2 times less, therefore, the charging time will increase (with a 150 cotton light bulb, the accumulator is enough to charge 5-10 hours to start the car even in the frost)

To increase the charge current, you can replace the incandescent lamp to replace another, more powerful load - heater, boiler, etc.

Method Second - Boiler

This method works on the same principle as the first, except that the current is completely permanent at the output of this charger.

The main load is a boiler, if desired, can be replaced with a lamp, as in the first version.

Diode bridge can be taken ready to be found in computer blocks Nutrition. Be sure to use the diode bridge with a reverse voltage of at least 400volt with a current of at least 5 amps, the finished bridge is installed on the heat sink, since it will be completely overheated.

The bridge can also be collected from 4 powerful rectifier diodes, while the voltage and current of the diodes should be as if the bridge is used. In general, try to use a powerful straightener, so much powerful as possible, excessive power will never hurt.

Do not use powerful diode assemblies Schottky from computer power supplies, they are very powerful, but the reverse voltage of these diodes is about 50-60 volts, so they burn.

Third Method - Condenser

I like this way more than all, the use of a quenching capacitor makes the charge process safer, and the charge current is determined from the capacitance of the capacitor. Charge current is easy to determine by the formula

I \u003d 2 * pi * f * c * u,

where U is a voltage in the network (volt), C - the capacity of the divorce capacitor (ICF), F - frequency alternating current (Hz)

The charger is considered car batteries Made based on the converter for power halogen lamps 12V type Taschibra. Converters of this type are often found on sale among electrical engineering goods. Taschibrru distinguishes quite good reliability and maintaining performance at negative ambient temperatures.

This device is based on autogenerator transducer With the frequency of the conversion from about 7 to 70 kHz, which depends on the resistance of the active load connected to the output. With increasing load power, the frequency of the conversion increases. An interesting feature of Taschibra is to break the generation with an increase in the load above the permissible, which may be a kind of short-circuit protection. Immediately make a reservation, which was not intended to consider the options for the so-called "rework" or "finalization" of these transducers, which is described in some publications. I propose to use Taschibre "as is" with the exception, except, increasing the number of turns secondary windingWhat is necessary in order to ensure the charging current of the desired value

As you know, to ensure the necessary charging current on the secondary winding, it is necessary to form a voltage at least 15-16 V.

The picture shows that the available white winding wire was used as additional turns. For a 50 W power converter, it turned out to be enough to add 2 turns to the secondary winding. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the winding direction is carried out in the direction (i.e., agreed) an existing winding, in other words, that the magnetic flow of the reappearing turns coincides in the direction of the magnetic flux of the "native" secondary winding of Tashibra, designed for the nutrition of halogen lamps 12V and Located on top of the primary on 220V.

The rectifier bridge is made from Schottky diodes, such as 1N5822. It is possible to use domestic high-speed diodes, such as KD213.

The optimal charge process is built with the limitation of the charge current and voltage level on the battery terminals. We define a current of about 1.5 and voltage not more than 14.5V. The characteristics in question possesses the control circuit shown in Fig. 1. The key element of the circuit is the BT134-600 Symistor V, including the MOS3083 optosystem. The current limit is formed by a voltage drop on the R2 resistor resistance to 1 Ohm and a 2 W scattering power. If it is exceeded on it, the voltage drops above 1-1.5 V transistor VT2 opens and shunt the optosymistor LED VD5, interrupting the power of Taschibra. If you need to increase the level of charging current, for example, up to 3 - 4 A, it is necessary to reduce the resistance of the resistor R2 accordingly, paying attention to the choice for this resistor the required scattering power. As the battery charges, the voltage on its terminals is approaching 14.5V. Through Stabilitron VD3 begins to flow, which causes the Opening of the VT3 transistor. The VD4 LED, at the same time, starts flickering, signaling about the end of the charging process, and through the VD2 diode starts the current opening the transistor VT2, which leads to a locking of the Simistor V. To indicate the fact of opening a simistra, the VT1 transistor key with the VD1 LED in its collector . This transistor should be Germany, due to the smallness of the voltage drop on the optosimistor LED (about 1B).

From the flaws of the charger this type It should be noted the dependence of its performance on the voltage level on the battery, since, obviously, the initial scheme is powered by rechargeable battery, To ensure performance, the scheme should not fall below 6V. However, in view of the rarity of such cases, you can put up with this. If you need forced charge, you can install an additional SW button, as shown in the diagram by pressing which you can bring the battery voltage to the required level.

The charger was made in a single instance. Printed circuit board not developed. The device is mounted in the housing for automata of a suitable size.

List of radio elements

Designation	A type	Nominal	number	Note	Score	My notebook
VT1.	Bipolar transistor	MP37B	1			In notebook
VT2.	Bipolar transistor	BC547C.	1			In notebook
VT3	Bipolar transistor	BC557B.	1			In notebook
V.	Siemistor	BT134-600.	1			In notebook
VD1.	Light-emitting diode	ARL-3214UGC.	1			In notebook
VD2.	Rectifying diode	1N4148.	1			In notebook
VD3.	Stabilirton	D814d	1			In notebook
VD4.	Light-emitting diode	ARL-3214URC.	1			In notebook
VD5	Optosymistor	Moc3083.	1			In notebook
D1	Diode Schottki	1N5822.	4	Diode bridge		In notebook
C1.	Electrolytic condenser	470 μF	1			In notebook
C2.	Capacitor	1 μF	1			In notebook
F1.	Fuse	1A.	1			In notebook
R1, R3.	Resistor	820 Oh.	2			In notebook
R2	Resistor	1 Ohm.	1	2W.		In notebook
R4, R5	Resistor	6.8 com	2

Often there are problems with charging acb, especially if there is no charger at hand. And the battery must be charged urgently. In this case, you will need knowledge and emotion than, and this article will provide you in this matter.

1st way - diode and lamp.

This method is one of the simplest ways of charging the battery. Since the charger consists of 2-parts - an ordinary lamp and a rectifier diode. The only disadvantage of this method of charging is that the diode cuts off exclusively lower half-period. Consequently, at the output of the charger, it turns out not completely direct current. But in this way you can charge the battery.

Components.

Light bulb can be taken at 100 watts, the output current depends on the lamp power. According to the lamp scheme, the assembly is designed to cool.

The diode must be designed for current more than 10a! - This is also recommended to install a diode on the heat sink. The diode in the diagram is designed to straighten the voltage, it must be designed for voltage of more than 400 V.!

In this case, on our charger It costs one diode, it means that the current at the exit will be 2 times less, therefore the charging time will increase significantly. For example, with a 150 watt light bulb, a fully discharged battery will be charged for 5-10 hours (even in winter !!!). To increase the current, instead of the bulb, you can use either a heater or boiler.

2nd method - diode bridge and boiler.

The option with a boiler works on the same principle, except that the current is trended at the output.

In this case, instead of one diode, a diode bridge is used, which can either buy or take ready. The diode bridge can be found on the power blocks from the computer. It is important in the assembly to use the bridge with a reverse voltage of more than 400 volts, and with a current of more than 5 amps. The bridge is installed on the heat sink.

The diode bridge can be collected from four rectifier diodes itself, but the current and voltage should be the same as on the finished diode bridge.

IMPORTANT! Do not use the diode assemblies of Schottki, of course they are very powerful, but since they have a reverse voltage of about 60 volts - they simply will not transfer such a test.

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