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These elements are characterized by the biggest density of all modern technologies. The reason for this was the components used in these batteries. As a cathode reagent in these elements, atmospheric oxygen is used, which is reflected in their name. In order for the air to react with the anode from zinc, small holes have been done in the battery pack. As an electrolyte, potassium hydroxide with high conductivity is used in these elements.
Originally created as unscrewed power supplies, zinc-air elements are characterized by a long and stable storage period, at least if they are tightly tightly from air, in inactive condition. In this case, for the year of storage, such elements lose about 2 percent of the tank. As soon as the air falls into the battery, these batteries live no longer than a month, regardless of whether you will use them, or not.
Some manufacturers began to use the same technology in rechargeable elements. Best of all, such elements have proven themselves with long-term work in low-power devices. The main disadvantage of these elements is high internal resistance, meaning that to achieve high power, they must be a huge size. And this means the need to create additional compartments in the laptops for batteries, in size comparable to the computer itself.
But it should be noted that they began to receive such an application quite recently. The first such product is a joint creation of Hewlett-Packard Co. And Aer Energy Resources Inc. - PowerSlice XL - showed the imperfection of this technology when used in portable computers. This battery, created for the HP OmniBook 600 laptop weighed 3.3 kg - more than the computer itself. Works she provided only 12 hours. Energizer also began to use this technology in its small butterpathic batteries used in hearing aids.
Checking the batteries is also not such a simple matter. Chemical processes are very sensitive to electric current supplied to the battery. If the supplied voltage is too low, the battery will give the current, and not accept. If the voltage is too high, unwanted reactions can begin to spoil the element. For example, when lifting the voltage will necessarily increase the current strength, as a result, the battery overheats. And if you continue to charge the element after it is fully charged, explosive gases can be started in it and even an explosion is to occur.

Rechart technology
Modern devices To recharge, these are quite complex electronic devices with different degrees of protection - both your and your batteries. In most cases, for each element type there is its own own charger. If you use the charger, you can spoil not only the batteries, but also the device itself, or even systems feed on batteries.
There are two modes of operation charger - from constant tension and with a constant current.
The simplest are the devices with constant voltage. They always produce the same tension, and the current is supplied depending on the level of battery level (and from other surrounding factors). As the battery is charging, its voltage increases, so the difference between the potentials of the charger and the battery decreases. As a result, a smaller current flows around the chain.
All that is needed for such a device is a transformer (to reduce charging voltage to the level required by the battery) and rectifier (for straightening alternating current in a permanent used battery). Such simple devices Rechargers are used to charge automotive and ship batteries.
As a rule, similar devices are charged lead batteries For sources uninterrupted power. In addition, constant voltage devices are used to recharge lithium-ion elements. Only there have been added schemes to protect batteries and their owners.
The second type of chargers provides a constant current strength and changes the voltage to provide the required value of the current. Once the voltage reaches the level of full charge, charging stops. (Remember, the voltage generated by the element falls as the discharge). Typically, such devices charge nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride elements.
In addition to the desired voltage level, charging devices should know how much time you need to recharge the element. The battery can be spoiled if it is too long to recharge it. Depending on the type of battery and from the "intelligence" of the charger to determine the recharge time, several technologies are used.
In the most simple cases, this uses the voltage generated by the battery. The charger monitors the battery voltage and turns off at the moment when the voltage in the battery reaches the threshold level. But this technology is not suitable for all elements. For example, for nickel-cadmium it is not acceptable. In these elements, the discharge curve is close to the line, and determine the level of the threshold voltage is very difficult.
More "sophisticated" chargers defines the time of recharging at temperature. That is, the device monitors the temperature of the element, and turns off, or reduces the charge current when the battery begins to heat up (which means the redundancy of the charge). Usually, thermometers are embedded in such batteries that follow the temperature of the element and transmit the corresponding signal to the charger.
"Intelligent" devices use both of these methods. They can move from a large charge current to small, or can support d.C. Using special voltage and temperature sensors.
Standard charging devices give a smaller charge current than the discharge current of the element. Chargers with a large current value give a larger current than the rated current of the battery discharge. The device for continuous recharging with a small current is used so small that it does not allow the battery to self-discharge (by definition such devices and are used to compensate for self-discharge). Typically, the charge current in such devices is one twenty, or one thirtieth rated current of the battery discharge. Modern charging devices can often work on several values \u200b\u200bof charge currents. First, they use higher current values \u200b\u200band gradually switch to low, as they approached full charge. If the battery is used, withstanding the recharge with a small current (nickel-cadmium, for example, do not stand), then at the end of the recharging cycle, the device will switch to this mode. Most laptop charger and cell phones Designed so that they can be constantly connected to elements and do not harm them.

Miniature air-zinc elements of nutrition (galvanic "tablets") with a rated voltage of 1.4V are used for reliable and uninterrupted operation of analog and digital hearing aids, sound amplifiers and cochlear implants. High ecology of microbatarek and the inability to give leaks provide full security consumers. Our online store offers you to buy affordable prices The widest range of high-quality batteries to the hearing aids of intracanal, internal and earliest types.

Benefits Batteries for Hearing Aids

In the air-zinc battery case there is an anode from zinc, an air electrode and electrolyte. Catalyst for oxidation and education reaction electric current Officers atmospheric oxygen coming through a special membrane in the case. This configuration of the battery is provided by a number of operational benefits:

• compactness and low weight;
• ease of storage and use;
• uniform return of charge;
• low self-discharge (from 2% per year);
• large service life.

So that you can replace worn batteries in a timely manner on new, medium and strong power in devices, we sell batteries for hearing aids in St. Petersburg in convenient packages of 4, 6 or 8 pcs.

How to buy batteries for hearing aids

On our site you can always buy a retail and wholesale batteries for the hearing enhancement apparatus from the well-known manufacturers of Renata, GP, Energizer, Camelion. To correctly select the battery size sizer, use our table, focusing on the color of the protective film and the type of machine.

Attention! After removing the color sealing stickers, it is necessary to wait a few minutes and only after that insert the "tablet" into the device. This time is necessary to enter a sufficient amount of oxygen inward the battery and its output to full power.

Our prices are lower than that of competitors, because we buy directly from the manufacturer.

Air-zinc batteries are much more reliable than their predecessors: they do not flow. This means that a suddenly spoiled battery will not fail the hearing aid. However, the new air-zinc-based batteries are quite reliable and extremely rarely cease to work earlier. But they have their own characteristics.

If you do not need to change the batteries in the auditory machine, you should not remove the packaging from the battery. Before exploitation, such a battery is protected by a special film that prevents air penetration. As soon as the film is removed, the cathode (oxygen) and the anode (zinc powder) react. This should be remembered: if you remove the film, the battery loses the charge regardless of whether it was placed in the device or not.

Air-zinc batteries are elements of a new generation, which are distinguished by serious advantages over their predecessors. Undoubtedly, they are much more energy-intensive and durable due to the greater capacity. The cathode of the batteries is not silver oxide or mercury, as in other food elements, and oxygen derived from the air. The interaction of the cathode and anode occurs evenly throughout the entire operational period of the battery. The auditory device will not need to constantly reconfigure and change the volume due to the weakened battery. As an anode, a powder zinc is used, which is contained in much larger quantitiesThan an anode in the batteries of the previous generation - this ensures its energy intensity.

You can notice the battery discharge by such a characteristic "symptom": a few minutes after turning on the auditory, suddenly ships. This is a signal that the batteries are time to change.

1. The battery is recommended to be used to the end, and then immediately change. Store the spent batteries are not worth it.
2. Batteries should be selected in size, which is specified in the description of the auditory.
3. Keep batteries away from metal products! The metal provokes the contact of the contacts, and this will result in damage the product.
4. It is advisable to carry a spare battery placed in a special protective package.
5. When installing the battery, it is very important to determine where it has a Plus side (it is more convex and has air holes).
6. By inserting a new battery, wait a few minutes after it turns away protective film: The active substance should be saturated with oxygen as possible. This is necessary for a full battery life. If you hurry, the anode is enhanced by oxygen only on the surface, and the battery will die ahead of time.
7. When you do not use a hearing aid, it should be turned off, and the batteries take out.

8.This batteries follows in special blisters, at room temperature and in an inaccessible place for children.

The output of compact air-zinc batteries on the mass market can significantly change the situation in the market segment of small-sized sources. autonomous power For laptop computers and digital devices.

Energy problem

and in recent years, the park of portable computers and various digital devices has significantly increased, many of which appeared on the market quite recently. This process was noticeably accelerated due to increasing popularity. mobile phones. In turn, the rapid increase in the number of portable electronic devices caused a serious increase in demand for autonomous sources of electricity, in particular different kinds Batteries and batteries.

However, the need for security huge number portable devices Elements of power is only one side of the problem. So, as the portable electronic devices are developing, the installation density of the elements and the power of the microprocessors used in them are increased - in just three years the clock frequency of the PDA processors have increased by an order of magnitude. Replace with tiny monochrome screens come color displays with high resolution and increased screen size. All this leads to an increase in energy consumption. In addition, in the field of portable electronics, a tendency to further miniaturization is clearly trained. Taking into account the listed factors it becomes quite obvious that the increase in energy intensity, power, durability and reliability of the battered elements used is one of the most important conditions to ensure the further development of portable electronic devices.

The problem of renewable autonomous power sources is very acute in the portable PC segment. Modern technologies allow you to create laptops, practically not inferior in their functional equipment and performance full-fledged desktop systems. However, the absence of sufficiently efficient autonomous power sources deprives users of laptops of one of the main advantages of this type of computers - mobility. A good indicator for a modern laptop equipped with a lithium-ion battery, is the battery life of about 4 hours 1, but for full-fledged work In mobile terms, this is clearly not enough (for example, a flight from Moscow in Tokyo takes about 10 hours, and from Moscow to Los Angeles - almost 15).

One of the options to solve the problem increases time autonomous work Portable PC is the transition from now common nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries to chemical fuel cells 2. The most promising from the point of view of use in portable electronic devices and PCs are fuel cells with low working temperature - Such as PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) and DMCF (Direct Methanol Fuel Cells). As a fuel for these elements, an aqueous solution of methyl alcohol (methanol) 3 is used.

However, at this stage, describe the future of chemical fuel cells exclusively in pink tones would be too optimistic. The fact is that on the path of mass distribution of fuel cells in portable electronic devices cost at least two obstacles. First, methanol is a rather toxic substance, which involves increased requirements for the tightness and reliability of fuel cartridges. Secondly, to ensure an acceptable speed of passing chemical reactions in low operating temperatures, catalysts must be used. Currently, catalysts from platinum and its alloys are used in PEM and DMCF-elements, but the natural reserves of this substance are small, and its cost is high. Theoretically, it is possible to replace the platinum with different catalysts, but so far, not one of the teams involved in the studies in this direction failed to find an acceptable alternative. Today, the so-called platinum problem is perhaps the most serious obstacle on the way widespread Fuel elements in portable PCs and electronic devices.

1 Means the time of operation from the standard battery.

2 Read more about fuel cells can be found in the article "Fuel cells: a year of hopes" published in No. 1'2005.

3 PEM elements operating on hydrogen gaseous are equipped with a built-in converter to produce hydrogen from methanol.

Air-zinc elements

the authors of a number of publications consider air-zinc batteries and accumulators with one of the subspecies of fuel cells, it is not entirely true. After reading the device and the principle of operation of air-zinc elements, even in general, it is possible to make a completely unequivocal conclusion that it is correct to consider them precisely as a separate class of autonomous power sources.

The design of the cell of the air-zinc element includes a cathode and anode, separated by alkaline electrolyte and mechanical separators. As a cathode, a gas diffusion electrode is used (GAS Diffusion Electrode, GDE), the water permeable membrane of which allows to obtain oxygen from atmospheric air circulating through it. "Fuel" is a zinc anode, oxidizing in the process element workAnd the oxidizer is oxygen obtained from atmospheric air flowing through the "respiratory openings".

On the cathode there is a reaction of oxygen electrical installation, the products of which are negatively charged hydroxide ions:

O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4E 4OH -.

Hydroxide ions are moving in an electrolyte to a zinc anode, where there is a reaction of zinc oxidation with the release of electrons, which are returned through the outer chain to the cathode:

Zn + 4OH - Zn (OH) 4 2- + 2e.

Zn (OH) 4 2- Zno + 2OH - + H 2 O.

It is quite obvious that the air-zinc elements do not fall under the classification of chemical fuel cells: firstly, they use a consumable electrode (anode), and secondly, the fuel is initially laid inside the cell, and not fed during the work from the outside.

The voltage between the electrodes of one cell of the air-zinc element is 1.45 V, which is very close to the similar parameter of alkaline (alkaline) batteries. If necessary, to get more high voltage Power, you can combine several successively connected cells into the battery.

Zinc is quite common and inexpensive material, so that when the mass production of air-zinc elements is deployed, manufacturers will not experience raw material issues. In addition, even at the initial stage, the cost of such power sources will be quite competitive.

It is also important that air-zinc elements are very environmentally friendly products. Materials used for their production do not poison the environment and can be recycled after processing. The products of the reaction of air-zinc elements (water and zinc oxide) are also absolutely safe for humans and ambient - Zinc oxide is even used as the main component of children's powder.

From the operational properties of the air-zinc elements, such advantages are worth noting such as the low rate of self-discharge in the unactivated state and a small change in the voltage value as the discharge (flat discharge curve).

A certain disadvantage of air-zinc elements is the effect of the relative humidity of the incoming air on the characteristics of the element. For example, an air-zinc element designed to operate under the conditions of relative humidity of 60%, with an increase in humidity up to 90%, the service life decreases by about 15%.

From batteries to batteries

aymorely simple in the implementation by a variant of air-zinc elements are disposable batteries. When creating air-zinc elements of large size and power (for example, intended for powering power plants of vehicles) zinc anode cassettes can be made replaceable. In this case, to resume energy reserve, it is enough to withdraw a cassette with the exhaust electrodes and install a new one instead. Exhaust electrodes can be restored to re-use by electrochemical method on specialized enterprises.

If we talk about compact nutrition elements suitable for use in portable PCs and electronic devices, then here practical implementation An option with replaceable magazine anode cassettes is impossible due to a small battery size. That is why most of the compact air-zinc elements currently presented in the market are disposable. Single used air-zinc elements of low-size nutrition are produced by Duracell, Eveready, Varta, Matsushita, GP, as well as the domestic enterprise "Energy". The main scope of application of such power supplies is hearing aids, portable radio stations, photographic equipment, etc.

Currently, many companies produce disposable air-zinc batteries

Several years ago, AER produced flat Power Slice air-zinc batteries intended for laptop computers. These elements were designed for the laptops of the OmniBook 600 series and the OmniBook 800 of Hewlett-Packard; The time of their autonomous work was from 8 to 12 hours.

In principle, there is also the possibility of creating and rechargeable air-zinc elements (batteries), in which when connected external source The current on the anode will flow zinc recovery. However, the practical embodiment of such projects for a long time Prevented serious problems due to the chemical properties of zinc. Zinc oxide is well soluble in an alkaline electrolyte and is distributed in dissolved over the entire volume of the electrolyte, removing from the anode. Because of this, when charging from an external source of current, the geometry of the anode varies to a large extent: the zinc reduced from the oxide is precipitated on the surface of the anode in the form of ribbon crystals (dendrites), in form similar to long spikes. Dendriti pierces through separators, causing short circuit Inside the battery.

This problem It is aggravated by the fact that to increase the power of the anodes of the air-zinc elements are made of chopped powder zinc (this allows you to significantly increase the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe electrode). Thus, as the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe anode will gradually decrease, having a negative impact on the performance characteristics of the element.

To date, the highest success in creating compact air-zinc batteries was achieved by Zinc Matrix Power (ZMP). ZMP specialists developed a unique Zinc Matrix technology, which made it possible to solve the main problems arising during the charge of batteries. The essence of this technology is to use the polymer binder, which ensures the unhindered penetration of hydroxide ions, but it blocks the movement of the zinc oxide dissolving in the electrolyte electrolyte. Thanks to the use of this solution, it is possible to avoid a noticeable change in the shape and the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe anode over the entire 100 cycles of the discharge.

The advantages of air-zinc batteries are a long working time and a large specific energy intensity, at least twice as far as the same indicators of the best. lithium-ion batteries. The specific energy intensity of air-zinc batteries reaches 240 W · h per 1 kg of weight, and the maximum power is 5000 W / kg.

According to ZMP developers, today it is possible to create air-zinc batteries for portable electronic devices (mobile phones, digital players, etc.) with the energy intensity of about 20 W · h. The minimum possible thickness of such sources of power is only 3 mm. The experimental prototypes of air-zinc batteries for laptops have the energy intensity of 100 to 200 W · h.

The prototype of the air-zinc battery, created by Zinc Matrix Power specialists

Another important advantage Air-zinc batteries - the complete absence of the so-called memory effect. Unlike other types of batteries, air-zinc elements can be recharged at any charge level, and without prejudice to their energy intensity. In addition, unlike lithium batteries Air and zinc elements are much safer.

In conclusion, it is impossible not to mention one important event, which has become a symbolic starting point on the way of commercialization of air-zinc elements: June 9 of the past year, Zinc Matrix Power officially announced the signing of a strategic agreement with Intel Corporation. In accordance with paragraphs of this agreement, ZMP and Intel will unite their development efforts new technology Rechargeable batteries for portable PCs. Among the main objectives of these works are an increase in the battery life of laptops up to 10 hours. According to the existing plan, the first models of laptops equipped with air-zinc batteries should be on sale already in 2006.