Personal computer as a system. Setting goals and objectives

Lesson number 6. Personal Computer as a system
Test
Objectives:
Educational:
Developing:



consolidate the presentations of schoolchildren about object systems;
give an idea of \u200b\u200ba PC as a system;
check knowledge on "Objects and Systems"
develop logical thinking, memory, attention, ability to compare and analyze, skill

apply the knowledge and skills when performing practical exercises;
Educational:
form a set of universal training actions that ensure the ability to learn, i.e.
process information;
form information culture schoolchildren;
form a deeper idea of \u200b\u200bthe systems of objects and their features;
form ideological positions;
Equipment:
a computer,
board
projector





Software
presentation
multimedia projector, computer
Type of lesson:

explanatory renovation
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
Check those present in the lesson, the preparation of students to the lesson.
2. Checking homework
1. Tutorial: §1.7.
2. Workbook: Visual verification of tasks: p. 2526 No. 41,42.
3. Repetition of past material
1. Give the concept of "black box"
2. Create an example of the interaction of the system and medium. Specify the inputs and outputs
Systems.
1

Grade 7 ________ 6 lesson ______ Personal computer as system Date lesson __________
4. Study of the new material
One of the objects that we are with you
we consider computer science lessons -
this is a PC, so today we will look at
PC as a system.
Part
Recall:
The system is an integer
consisting of parts, interrelated
between themselves.
Moderators
the system is called it elements, i.e.
PC consists of certain parts, with
using which it can perform
some actions,
namely
work quality with information.
If we look at the PC system, then
we can highlight in it 3 subsystems:
hardware Mains., Software Watch.
informational resources. OS - SAMIA
main PC program.
Application programs - Creation
images, texts, video.
Instrumental software development
other programs
to be
perform our requirements.
PC is part of the system "Man
pC ", in order for a person
working normally for PC, could it
understand,
must be funds
which provide interconnection
between the system objects is the object -
man, object - PC. Funds,
providing the relationship between each
man and computer is
interface.
2

Grade 7 ________ 6 lesson ______ Personal computer as system Date lesson __________
The interface can be divided into 4 groups.
If PC showed us information
such what sees himself, i.e.01000, we
i would not understand anything. Thanks to
there is an OS, a cat. convert 101100 in the view
usual we can normally
work for PC.
5. Generalization of the new material

property
PC - system - including
hardware subsystems,
software
and
information resources.
PC - System Subsystem "Man
a computer".
Means providing interconnection
between the objects of this system,
called the interface.
User interface - this is
the interaction of man and computer.
6. Fixing a new material
Workbook: s. 35 № 48.
7. Examination
Evaluation criteria:
13 - 049% 2
4 5070% 3
5 (7185%) 4
67 (86 - 100%) - 5
3

Grade 7 ________ 6 lesson ______ Personal computer as system Date lesson __________
Part 2:
Test 1.
Option 1.
1. Finish
perceived by man as a whole, called ... "
Offer: "Any part of the surrounding reality,




concept
object
subject
system
2. Note the unit names of the objects:
 Machine

birch
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.


 Windows XP.
operating system
keyboard simulator
3. Mark objects operating system:

desktop

window

folder
 File

a computer

5. Specify the relationship for a pair "Processor and system unit»:
is an element of set
it is in the composition
is a kind
is the cause
6. Mark Natural Systems:
 Solar system
 Football team



 Mathematical language
plant
a computer
car
properties
dimensions
behavior
state
actions










7. Specify subsystems included in the system Hardware PERSONAL
computer ":
information entry devices
4

















2. Note the general names of the objects:
concept
object
subject
system
 Machine

birch
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.


 Windows XP.
operating system
keyboard simulator
3. Mark the classroom objects:

desktop

window

folder
 File

a computer
properties
behavior
state
capabilities
actions
is an element of set
it is in the composition
is a kind
is the cause
Grade 7 ________ 6 lesson ______ Personal computer as system Date lesson __________
information storage devices
operating system
application programs
Option 2.
Finish the proposal: "A whole consisting of parts, interrelated,
called ... "
4. Check the features that can be listed in the object report:
5. Specify the ratio for the pair " graphics editor and MS Paint ":
6. Note technical systems:
 Solar system
 Football team



 Mathematical language
plant
a computer
car
7. Specify subsystems included in the Software System
personal computer. "

Personal computers .

The process of interaction between a person with a computer has more than 40 years. Until recently, in this process, only enterprise specialists, mathematics - programmers, operators could participate in this process. In recent years, cardinal changes have occurred in the field of computing technology. Thanks to the development and implementation of microprocessors in the EMM structure, small-sized, user-friendly personal computers appeared. The situation has changed, as a user can be not only a computer specialist, but also any person, whether it is a schoolboy or housewife, a doctor or teacher, a working or engineer. Often this phenomenon is called the phenomenon of a personal computer. Currently, the global fleet of personal computers exceeds 20 million.

Why did this phenomenon arose? The answer to this question can be found if it is clearly formulated what a personal computer and what is its main signs. It is necessary to correctly perceive the definition of "personal", it does not mean the computer belonging to a person with personal property rights. The definition of "personal" appeared because the person was able to communicate with the computer without the clearing-house professional programmer, independently, personally. At the same time, it is not necessary to know the special language of the computer. Existing software tools will provide a favorable "friendly" form of user dialogue and computer. You can highlight five formal signs that will help us determine whether this computer Personal or not.

1. The method of control is simple, visual, convenient, which does not require deep knowledge in the field of computing technology. Everything technical means (Display. Keyboard, manipulator, printing device, etc.), which ensure the interaction of a person and computer, is made so that even a child can work without knowing. Communication of a person and computer is organized in the dialogue.

2. Developed a large number of software For various applications. This will deliver the user from the need to make a program in the computer in the computer.

3. Small-sized devices external memory Large capacity allow the replacement of one drive to others. Such devices include: drives on flexible magnetic disks and Winchester discs, cassette tape recorder.

4. Thanks to a small dimension and mass, comparable to a TV, no special devices are required to install, sufficiently space on the desktop.

5. Construction of a personal computer, its external design is attractive in color and form, satisfy ergonomic indicators. For the first time during the development of computing equipment, this feature is included as the main one when determining the whole class of the computer.

With a more thorough analysis of all signs, it is clear that of course the most important are the first two features that determine the nature of human communication and computer, although the absence of one of the five features listed above allows you to classify the computer as not personal.

Understanding now what a personal computer, consider the history of the emergence and development of this phenomenon.

The listed features of a personal computer became possible to ensure thanks to the creation of microprocessors, which allowed to drastically change the appearance of the computer to reduce the size and mass. However, only one this circumstance led to the emergence of a micro computer class. Improving the software, the study of mathematicians and programmers of the objectives of the subject area and the development on their basis necessary in this field of software to turn the microevm in personalize Human information processing.

The first personal computer was developed in 1973 in France. Her author Truong Trong Ti. The first copies were perceived as an expensive exotic toy. The mass production and the introduction of personal computers in the practice of Steve Jobs, the head and founder of the company "EPL Computer", 1977, established the release of personal computers "Apple".

Personal computers can be classified according to the capabilities they provide to the user. Like domestic and professional.

Household personal computers are used at home. Their main purpose: ensuring simple calculations, executing the function notebook, personal file card files, learning tool for various disciplines, tool for telephone channels to public information funds, etc. It received widespread as a means of entertainment - organizer and partner in various games.

Professional personal computer is used in a particular professional area, all software and technical resources are focused on a specific profession. However, regardless of the professional orientation of the computer, their main purpose-fulfillment of routine work: they search for information in various reference and archives and archives, account for typical forms of documentation, lead a diary or laboratory log, record research results, remember and issue information on request This professional activity, etc.

Currently, the IBM PC model of the IBM PC and its upgraded version of the IBM PC XT, which, according to architecture, software, software, external design, is considered to be an IBM PC model. Consider the basic structure and characteristics of the IBM PC XT personal computer. The basic kit includes; System Block2, Display1 with color image, keypad6, Printing device (printer), flexible drive magnetic disk and drive on the Winchester disk.

The basis of the personal computer is the system unit. It organizes work, processes information, produces calculations, ensures human connection and computer. The user is not obliged to thoroughly understand how the system unit works. This is the lot of experts. But he should know which functional blocks the computer consists. We do not have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe principle of operation of the internal functional blocks of the objects around us - the refrigerator, the gas stove, washing machine, car, but should know that it is based on the work of these devices, which are the possibilities of the components of their blocks.

SYSTEM UNIT personal computer consists of system boardhaving dimensions of 212/300 mm and located at the very bottom, dynamics, fan, power supply, two drives. One drive provides an input-output from the Winchester disk, another, from flexible magnetic disks.

MOTHERBOARD It is the central part of the computer and composed of several dozen integrated circuits of various purposes. The microprocessor is made in the form of one big integrated circuit. A socket is provided for an additional microprocessor Intel 8087-performing floating-comma operation. If necessary, improve the performance of the computer can be placed in this nest. There are several constant and RAM modules. Depending on the model, it is provided from 5 to 8 connectors where the boards of various adapters are inserted.

The adapter is a device that provides communication between the central part of the computer and a specific external device, for example, between rAM and a printer or a Winchester disk. On the board also set several modules that perform auxiliary functions when working with a computer. There are switches that are needed to ensure the operation of the computer with the selected composition. external devices (Computer configuration).

KEYBOARD

The keyboard has each computer. With it, the computer is introduced to the computer or give a computer computer. Prelbabushka computer keyboard was a typewriter. From her, the keyboard was inherited with the keys with letters and numbers.

But the computer knows how to do more things than a typewriter, and therefore its keyboard has much more keys. Different keys are used for different cases. For example, an ordinary typewriter has no keys to erase what is written, and the keyboard is there. Such a typewriter cannot insert a new word between two others, and the computer can, and for this there is also a special key.

When we play in computer games, Most often we use the arrow keys. They are also called "cursor keys". Using these keys, you can control how the hero of the game runs across the screen. Very often, the Games use the CTRI and ALT keys. One key hero shoots, and the other - jumps. This is quite large keys, besides, they are at the very bottom of the keyboard, and therefore they use it convenient.

The longest key is a space. It can be pressed even with blindfolded eyes. And therefore, it is also very often used in games.

MONITOR

When working with a computer, we get the most information, looking at the monitor screen. The monitor is something like a TV. But the TV cannot be viewed near, because it is very harmful to the eyes. The monitor also acts on the eyes, but not as much as the TV. The image of the monitors is clearer.

Monitors are different. They differ in the size of the screens and quality of the image. Screen size is measured in. If you do not know what an inch is. Throw the match and break it in half. The length of such halves and is inch.

The screen is measured by the screen - between opposite angles. Conventional monitors have 14 inches. Often there are also monitors with 15 inches. There are even more, but at home they rarely use.

If you have monitors with a size of 14 inches, then it is necessary to wear it protective screen. - It will reduce the harm from the radiation of the monitor. Without a protective screen, it is impossible to work with a regular monitor!

The abstract of the lesson on computer science and ICT Personal computer as a system (grade 7, textbook Bosova L.L.). At this lesson, students are offered from a different point of view to take a look at the computer.

Objectives lesson:
- consolidate the presentations of schoolchildren on object systems;
- give an idea of \u200b\u200ba personal computer as a system;
- Check knowledge on "Objects and Systems".

Basic concepts:
- Hardware;
- software;
- informational resources;
- Interface.

ICT tools used in class:
- Personal computer (PC) teacher, multimedia projector, screen;
- PC students.

TSOR
- Presentation "Personal computer as a system"

Features of the presentation of the content of the lesson

1. Organizational moment (1 minute)
Greeting students, message topic and lesson purposes.

2. Repetition (7 minutes)
1) Check the material studied on the issue of 4 k.
2) Checking a homework in RT No. 41-42,43.45 on page 25-33
3) Consideration of tasks that caused difficulties when performing a homework.

3. Studying a new material (20 minutes)
At this lesson, students are offered from a different point of view to take a look at the computer. The explanation of the material is carried out using the presentation "Personal computer as a system", in the form of a conversation.
1 Slide - the name of the presentation;
2 slide - computer as a system;
3 Slide - Personal Computer Subsystems;
4 Slide - hardware;
5 Slide - software;
6 Slide - information resources;
7 slide - interface;
8 Slide - hardware interface;
9 slide - software interface;
10 slide - hardware and software interface;
11 Slide - user interface;
12 slide - most importantly;
13 Slide - let's discuss (questions);
14 Slide - Complete the image of the structure of the "Personal Computer" system (RT No. 47);
15 slide - make required add-ons in the scheme (RT No. 48);

4. Verification work (testing) (15 minutes)
For testing on the topic "Objects and Systems" in writing, you need to print ready-made tests in advance.
When setting estimates, follow the following ratios:
50-70% — 3;
71-85% — 4;
86-100% — 5.
At the discretion of the teacher, the requirements can be reduced.

Tests

Option 1
1. Finish the proposal: "Any part of the surrounding reality, perceived by a person as a whole, is called ..."
o Concept
o Object
o subject
o System
2. Note the unit names of the objects:
 Machine
 Bereza
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.
 Operating system
 Keyboard simulator
 Windows XP.
3. Check the operating system objects:
 Desktop
 Window
 Folder
 File
 Computer

 Properties
 Sizes
 Behavior
 Condition
 Actions
5. Specify the ratio for the "Processor and System Block" pair:

o is part of
o is a kind
O is the cause
6. Mark Natural Systems:
 Solar system
 Football team
 Plant.
 Computer
 car
 Mathematical language
7. Specify subsystems that are included in the system "Hardware Personal Computer":


 Operating system
 Application programs

Option 2.
Finish the proposal: "A whole consisting of parts, interrelated, called ..."
o Concept
o Object
o subject
o System
2. Note the general names of the objects:
 Machine
 Bereza
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.
 Operating system
 Keyboard simulator
 Windows XP.
3. Mark the classroom objects:
 Desktop
 Window
 Folder
 File
 Computer
4. Check the features that can be listed in the object report:
 Properties
 Behavior
 Condition
Optional
 Actions
5. Specify the relationship for a pair "Graphic Editor and MS Paint":
o is an element of a set
o is part of
o is a kind
O is the cause
6. Mark technical systems:
 Solar system
 Football team
 Plant.
 Computer
 car
 Mathematical language
7. Specify subsystems included in the system "Personal Computer Software":
 Information entry devices
 Information storage devices
 Operating system
 Application programs

5. Summing up the lesson. Message of homework. Validation (2 minutes)
Homework. § 1.7, RT: No. 50 (p. 36).

Instructions, comments, answers and solutions
Tasks in the working notebook
No. 47 (p. 34) - Hardware, Information Resources, Software.
No. 48 (p. 35) - hardware, software, hardware and software; Menu, graphic, three-dimensional.

Answers to tests
Option 1
1. Object.
2. Moscow, Baikal, Pushkin A.S., Windows XP.
3. Desktop, window, folder, file.

5. Included.
6. Solar system, plant.
7. Information entry devices, information storage devices.
Option 2.
1. System.
2. Machine, birch, operating system, keyboard simulator.
3. Desktop, window, folder, computer.
4. Properties, behavior, condition, actions.
5. Is a kind.
6. Computer, car.
7. Operating system, applied programs.

All material is in the archive.

Archive includes:
- Abstract,
- Presentation,
- Tests.

• One of the objects considered in the informatics lessons is a personal computer. It can be viewed as a system consisting of subsystems:

• "Hardware",

• "software",

• "informational resources".

Hardware

The hardware subsystem acts as an overseystem for input, processing, storing and displaying information.

Operating system

The operating system - the subsystem of software and the overseas, which includes systemic and service programs.

Information Resources System

The information resource system includes systems of text and graphic files, sound files, files with video information, etc.

man - computer interface .

Personal computer is part of the system " man - computer " Means providing the relationship between objects of this system are called interface .

There are hardware, software, hardware and software and user interfaces.

• Hardware interface - interaction between computer devices; Provided by manufacturers of this equipment.

• Programming interface - interaction (compatibility) of programs among themselves, as well as software and information resources; Provided by software developers.

• The hardware and software and user interface are provided with a computer operating system.

Hardware and software interface - interaction of hardware and computer software.

The user interface is the interaction of a person and a computer. The user interface based on the menu offers the ability to select a control command from the menu (command list). IN graphic interface Computer objects are submitted by small drawings (icons). The desired icon is chosen using the mouse. In addition to icons, texts are also used (for prompts) and menus (to select commands).

The three-dimensional interface allows you to navigate in three-dimensional computer space. Indicating the mouse on the door of the Virtual Museum, you can enter it. In the virtual hall you can look back, approach any picture and consider it in more detail. Such an interface imitates the real world.

Lesson number 7. In grade 7

Topic: "Personal computer as a system. Objects and Systems »

Objectives:

Educational:

consolidate the presentations of schoolchildren about object systems;

give an idea of \u200b\u200ba PC as a system;

check knowledge on "Objects and Systems"

Developing:

develop logical thinking, memory, attention, ability to compare and analyze, skill

apply the knowledge gained and skills when performing practical exercises;

Educational:

form a set of universal training actions that ensure the ability to learn, i.e.

process information;

form information culture of schoolchildren;

form a deeper idea of \u200b\u200bthe systems of objects and their features;

form ideological positions;

Equipment:

a computer,

board

projector

Software

presentation

multimedia projector, computer

Type of lesson:

explanatory demonstration

During the classes

Organizing time

Check those present in the lesson, the preparation of students to the lesson.

Checking homework

Tutorial: §1.7.

Workbook: Visual verification of tasks: s. 25-26 No. 41,42.

Repetition of past material

Give the concept of "black box"

Create an example of the interaction of the system and environment. Specify the inputs and outputs

systems.

Studying a new material

One of the objects that we consider in the lessons of informatics is a PC, so today we will look at the PC as a system.

Recalling: The system is an integer consisting of parts, interrelated. Parts forming the system are called its elements, i.e. The PC consists of certain parts by which it can perform any action, namely to work with information.

If we look at the PC system, then we can allocate in it 3 subsystems: hardware, software, software, information resources. OS is the most important PC program.

Application programs - creating an image, texts, video.

Instrumental software development of other programs that will fulfill our requirements.

PC is part of the "PC Man" system, so that a person can work normally for PCs, it could understand it, should be the means that ensure the relationship between the system objects - this is an object - a person, an object - PC.Means that ensure the relationship between man and computer is an interface.

The interface can be divided into 4 groups.

If the PC showed us the information that he sees himself, i.e.01000, we would not understand anything. Due to the fact that there are OS, which transform 101100 in the view, usual, we can work normally for PCs.

Generalization of the new material PC - system - including hardware subsystems, software and information resources.

PC - Subsystem of the "Man - Computer" system.

Means providing the relationship between the objects of this system are called the interface.

The user interface is the interaction of a person and a computer.

Fastening a new material

Workbook: s. 35 № 48.

Test

Evaluation criteria:

1-3 –(0-49%) - 2

4 – (50-70%) - 3

5 - (71-85%) - 4

6-7 - (86 – 100%) – 5

Part 2:

Test 1.

Option 1.

1. Finish the proposal: "Any part of the surrounding reality, perceived by a person as a whole, is called ..."

concept

object

subject

system

2. Note the unit names of the objects:

a car

birch

Moscow

Baikal

Pushkin A.S.

operating system

keyboard simulator

Windows XP.

3. Check the operating system objects:

desktop

window

folder

file

a computer

properties

dimensions

behavior

state

actions

5. Specify the ratio for the "Processor and System Block" pair:

is an element of set

it is in the composition

is a kind

is the cause

6. Mark Natural Systems:

solar system

football team

plant

a computer

car

mathematical language

7. Specify subsystems that are included in the system "Hardware Personal Computer":

information entry devices

operating system

application programs

Option 2.

Finish the proposal: "A whole consisting of parts, interrelated, called ..."

concept

object

subject

system

2. Note the general names of the objects:

a car

birch

Moscow

Baikal

Pushkin A.S.

operating system

keyboard simulator

Windows XP.

3. Mark the classroom objects:

desktop

window

folder

file

a computer

4. Check the features that can be listed in the object report:

properties

behavior

state

capabilities

actions

5. Specify the relationship for a pair "Graphic Editor and MS Paint":

is an element of set

it is in the composition

is a kind

is the cause

6. Mark technical systems:

solar system

football team

plant

a computer

car

mathematical language

7. Specify subsystems included in the system "Personal Computer Software":

information entry devices

information storage devices

operating system

application programs

Summing up lesson

Report graduates of students, summarize the lesson.

Homework Tutorial: read §1.8.Ost book: p.36 № 50