What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones. Domain - what it is and how the domain name system works List of domain common areas

United Arab Emirates
.AF - Afghanistan
.AG- Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.AI - Anguilla
.AL - Albania
.AM- Armenia (Armenia)
.AN - Netherlands Antilles
.AO - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.AR - Argentina (Argentina)
.AS - American Samoa
.AT- Austria (Austria)
.AU- Australia (Australia)
.AW - Aruba
.AX - Aland Islands
.AZ- Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.BA - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.BB - Barbados (Barbados)
.BD - Bangladesh (Bangladesh)
.BE- Belgium (Belgium)
.BF - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.BG - Bulgaria
.BH - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi
.BJ - Benin
.BM - Bermuda
.BN - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.BO - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.BR - Brazil
.BS - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.BT - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.BV - Bouvet Island
.BW - Botswana (Botswana)
.BY- Belarus (Belarus)
.BZ - Belize (Belize)
.CA- Canada (Canada)
.CC- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.CD - Congo (Congo)
.CF - Central African Republic
.CG - Congo (Congo)
.CH- Switzerland (Switzerland)
.CI - Cote d "Ivoire (Cote d" Ivoire)
.CK - Cook Islands
.CL - Chile (Chile)
.CM - Cameroon
.CN- China (China)
.CO - Colombia (Colombia)
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.CS - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.CU - Cuba
.CV - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.CX - Christmas Island
.CY- Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ- Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE- Germany (Germany)
.Dj- Djibouti (Djibouti)
.DK- Denmark (Denmark)
.DM - Dominica
.DO - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.DZ - Algeria
.EC - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.EE- Estonia (Estonia)
.EG- Egypt (Egypt)
.EH - Western Sahara
.ER - Eritrea
.ES- Spain (Spain)
.ET - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU- European Union
.FI- Finland (Finland)
.FJ - Fiji
.FK - Falkland Islands
.FM- Micronesia (Micronesia)
.FO - Faroe Islands
.FR- France (France)
.GA - Gabon (Gabon)
.GB - United Kingdom
.GD - Grenada
.GE- Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - French Guiana
.GG - Guernsey (Guernsey Island)
.GH - Ghana (Ghana)
.GI - Gibraltar (Gibraltar)
.GL - Greenland
.GM - Gambia
.GN - Guinea
.GP - Guadeloupe
.GQ - Equatorial Guinea
.GR- Greece (Greece)
.GS - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.GU - Guam
.GW - Guinea-Bissau
.GY - Guyana
.HK - Hong Kong
.HM - Heard and McDonald Islands
.HN - Honduras (Honduras)
.HR - Croatia / Hrvatska (Croatia)
.HT - Haiti
.HU - Hungary (Hungary)
.ID - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.IE- Ireland (Ireland)
.IL- Israel (Israel)
.IM - Isle of Man
.IN- India (India)
.IO- British Indian Ocean Territory
.IQ - Iraq
.IR - Iran (Iran)
.IS - Iceland
.IT- Italy (Italy)
.JE - Jersey
.JM - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.JO - Jordan
.JP- Japan (Japan)
.KE - Kenya (Kenya)
.KG- Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.KH - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.KI - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.KM - Comoros (Comoros)
.KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis
.KP - Korea (North Korea)
.KR - Korea (South Korea)
.KW - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.KY - Cayman Islands
.KZ- Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.LA- Laos (Laos)
.LB - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.LC - Saint Lucia
.LI - Liechtenstein
.LK - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.LR - Liberia
.LS - Lesotho (Lesotho)
.LT- Lithuania (Lithuania)
.LU - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV- Latvia (Latvia)
.LY - Libya (Libya)
.MA - Morocco (Morocco)
.MC - Monaco (Monaco)
.MD- Moldova (Moldova)
.MG - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.MH - Marshall Islands
.MK - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.ML - Mali (Mali)
.MM - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.MN - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.MO - Macau
.MP - Northern Mariana Islands
.MQ - Martinique
.MR - Mauritania
.MS - Montserrat
.MT - Malta (Malta)
.MU - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.MV - Maldives
.MW - Malawi (Malawi)
.MX - Mexico
.MY- Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.NA - Namibia (Namibia)
.NC - New Caledonia
.NE - Niger
.NF - Norfolk Island
.NG - Nigeria
.NI - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.NL - Netherlands
.NO- Norway (Norway)
.NP - Nepal
.NR - Nauru
.NU- Niue (Niue)
.NZ - New Zealand
.OM - Oman (Oman)
.PA - Panama
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.PF - French Polynesia
.PG - Papua New Guinea
.PH - Philippines
.PK - Pakistan
.PL- Poland (Poland)
.PM - Saint Pierre and Miquelon
.PN - Pitcairn Island
.PR - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.PS - Palestine
.PT- Portugal (Portugal)
.PW - Palau
.PY - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - Qatar (Qatar)
.RE - Reunion Island
.RO- Romania (Romania)
.RU- Russian Federation (Russia)
.RW - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - Saudi Arabia
.SB - Solomon Islands
.SC - Seychelles
.SD - Sudan
.SE- Sweden (Sweden)
.SG- Singapore (Singapore)
.SH- Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.SI - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.SJ - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.SL - Sierra Leone
.SM - San Marino
.SN - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia
.SR - Suriname (Suriname)
.ST - Sao Tome and Principe
.SU- Soviet Union (USSR)
.SV - El Salvador
.SY - Syria
.SZ - Swaziland (Swaziland)
.TC - Turks and Caicos Islands
.TD - Chad
.TF - French Southern Territories
.TG - Togo
.TH- Thailand (Thailand)
.TJ- Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK- Tokelau (Tokelau)
.TL - Timor-Leste
.TM- Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
.TN - Tunisia
.TO - Tonga (Tonga)
.TP - East Timor
.TR- Turkey (Turkey)
.TT - Trinidad and Tobago
.TV- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.TW- Taiwan (Taiwan)
.TZ - Tanzania
.UA- Ukraine (Ukraine)
.UG - Uganda (Uganda)
.UK- United Kingdom
.UM - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US- United States (USA)
.UY - Uruguay
.UZ- Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.VA - Holy See, Vatican
.VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
.VE - Venezuela (Venezuela)
.VG - Virgin Islands, British
.VI - Virgin Islands, U.S. (US Virgin Islands)
.VN - Vietnam
.VU - Vanuatu (Vanuatu)
.WF - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.WS- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.YE - Yemen
.YT - Mayotte
.YU - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA- South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

Hello dear readers of the blog site. This blog post has a detailed one. After or while reading this publication, I advise you to familiarize yourself with that article in order to get a complete picture. I also advise you to familiarize yourself with my publications on the topic of what and means.

Today we have a question on our agenda - what is domain or domain name(in fact, these are synonyms). Well, it's actually simple here. This is the name for the site, which is assigned to him instead of the hard-to-remember IP address of the server on which this site is hosted (see). Enter this name in the address bar of your browser and the site opens.

But it is in the details that the difficulties arise. What they are, how it all works, what are domain zones, how to understand which level domain and which of them can be registered, where it can be done and which zone to choose. There are many questions and I will try to answer everything in this "small note".

What is a domain?

As I mentioned above, domain is the name for the site..162.192.0. And besides, imagine the situation. You have placed the site on the hosting server (see above for what it is) and received an IP address. But moving to a different hosting IP will change, which will cause disaster. But in the case of domain names, this will not happen. Why?

The fact is that there are thousands of DNS servers (domain name systems) on the Internet, which will state that the site's domain is available at the IP address 108.162.192.0. If I move to another hosting, I will go to the domain name registrar panel (where I bought it), change something and all DNS servers on the Internet will register that the site needs to be searched for at a different IP address. Convenient, right?

Convenient, but probably not yet clear. The main thing to understand is the name for the site is a very important thing and it is for life (as a rule, although you can, if you wish, transfer the site to another domain, it is not easy). As you name the boat, so it will float. True, not only the name is important, but also the level of the domain, as well as the zone to which it belongs. Again, not clear? Well, let's go in order.

How a domain name works

Let's start with the basics. The domain record (site name) must include all levels of nesting of the domain (all the zones it belongs to) so that it is unique and there is no confusion.

There are two main domain name recording rules:

The zones that this domain belongs to are listed from right to left.
Dots are used as separators.

It may look like this, for example:

Net.blog.site

We get the fourth-level domain net, which is part of the third-level domain zone "blog", which is part of the second-level zone "ktonanovenkogo" belonging to the first-level.ru zone. Nonsense, right? (my spouse, checking errors in the article, will be happy to confirm this).

What domain levels distinguish

Root domain(level zero) is considered to be an empty entry, denoted simply by a period (.). In theory, the full domain name record should always end with a dot, but in most cases it is omitted (as if meaning) and instead of the record: site.
They use the already well-established relative domain notation (without a dot at the end):
This is followed by the first level - this is usually regional(national) domains (.ru, .su, .ua, .us, .de, .fr, etc.) or thematic(.com, .edu, .org, .net, etc.). But there are also first-level domain names that include national alphabets(for example, .рф).
Second level- these are the same domains that we are with you buy(we register with special registrars). Prices for them differ not only depending on belonging to a particular first-level domain (for example, buy xxxxxxx.ru cheaper, as a rule, than xxxxxxx.com), but also depending on the registrar (or its reseller - retailer).
Third, fourth, etc. - they no longer need to be bought (as a rule) and can be created independently (without registering anywhere) on the basis of the purchased second-level domain. For example, I can create such a name for a new site - forum..forum ..

Let's explain it all again For example:

... (dot) - zero (root) level domain
ru - the first level, also called top-level domain or zone
site - second level domain name
blog.site - third level domain
net.blog.site - fourth level

Top (first) level domains

Except for the zero level (root - root domain), because this is emptiness, then the so-called zones or top level domains(it is with them that the name of any site begins, although it seems that it ends with them - but not the essence). They cannot be bought by an ordinary person, but it is from these zones that we will choose when buying a second-level domain (a name for our website).

So what are they:

Domains of the first (top) level, assigned to countries, which are usually called by the abbreviation Cctld, which stands for country code top-level domain among helluva smart people. Russia has as many as two of them:
1. su - a rudiment left over from the Soviet Union and now represents the resource space in Russian
2. ru - originally assigned to Russia
Domains with national alphabets, which are usually denoted by the abbreviation Idn (internationalized domain name). In Russia, it is a zone. In fact, their names are still written in English characters (re-encoding takes place), but this is, as it were, hidden from view. However, if you enter the address in the browser: http: //ktonnovaenkogo.rf/
and after going to this site, copy its address from the address bar, you will get absolutely indigestible nonsense:
Http: //xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/ So it turns out that it looks unpleasant. And it is in this form that it will have to be added to different services (type), and not in the form of a new one.rf. This must be taken into account. And other problems are possible, although at first they are not obvious.
Upper common domains, usually with Gtld, which means generic top-level domain, are registered (sold) regardless of the country where the webmaster lives. The most commonly used ones:
1. .com - for commercial projects
2. .org - for non-profit sites of various organizations
3. .net - for projects related to the Internet
4. .edu - for educational institutions and projects
5. .biz - commercial organizations only
6. .info - for all information projects
7. .name - for My Sites
8. .gov - for US government agencies

How and where you can register (buy) a domain in top-level zones

Second-level domain names, as a rule, cannot be obtained just like that (and it is better not to try, because the name for the site is too important to risk registering it from someone else). They cost money. Moreover payment is made per year, and then the domain lease needs to be renewed.

Once again I will draw your attention - buy second level domain names, and all that is above - you can create yourself on their basis. This is usually done in the panel of your hoster in the subdomains section - these are domains of the third and higher level, such as blog..blog.site.

There are not so many such companies (vivid examples are RegRu and WebNames), but they may have a whole network of resellers (partners) who will be engaged in the selection and sale of domains on their behalf. If the current reseller does not satisfy you with something or you are having strains with him, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.

At all without Borders You can buy domains in the public zones ..com, .net, .org, .info, .biz, and .name. In the .edu, .gov and.mil zones, such an opportunity is provided only for institutions, as well as educational and military institutions of the states. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs, .aero, .asia.

Second-level domain names in these public zones can be bought from any registrar(not only national), which, in fact, is used by some resources, which may have conflicts with copyright holders. The same torrents were forced to move to the public zone org, because in the national domain zone ru its resource was blocked.

Second Level Domains - Checking for Occupancy and Whois

About half a billion domain names have already been registered on the Internet in various zones, so choosing a good (short, simple, sonorous) name in the required zone is now very not an easy task(just as hard). A third of the registered names are not used at all, because they were bought for resale (successful domains can be expensive on the secondary market - sometimes many millions of dollars).

Checking a domain name for availability

Therefore, the first thing to do when choosing a suitable domain for a website is. This can be done with different registrars (the result will be the same, because they use a common database).

Therefore, when viewing domain information in the so-called whois records, you can find there your personal data, which you had to indicate during registration. In my opinion, it is better to hide this information, because there are enough dashing people on the Internet (although, if you need problems out of the blue ...).

Domain name history and purchase of vacated domains

The history of domain ownership can be traced in the so-called. There you can clearly see what kind of sites have ever been placed on this domain name, what they were and whether their history will not affect the initial attitude of search engines to your site.

Below are the currently vacated domains(for a detailed view, click on the price):

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

National domains

National domains (country code Top Level Domains - ccTLDs) - top-level domains are assigned by the international organization IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of countries and territories according to the international standard ISO 3166-1.

The following domains can be registered through the .masterhost company in the national zones: .ru, .рф, .fo, etc.
Top Level Domains .ru .рф are the domain of the Russian Federation.
Domain names in zones .ru .рф .su are registered for a period of 1 year.
Domains in zones .cc, .tv .fo etc. You can register for a period from 1 to 10 years.

Common domains

All top-level domains can be roughly divided into two large parts. The first is public domains ( generic TLD or gTLD) and new top-level domains (New gTLDs) - thematic domain zones that ushered in a new era of the Internet.

Generic domains include .COM, .NET, .ORG, .RUS, etc.

New domains submitted by ICANN under the New gTLD program include, for example, domain zones such as SITE, .ONLINE, .OOO, .FUN, .LTD and many others. Unlike generic top-level domains, most of the interesting options are not taken yet and are available for registration!

You can register public domains through the company.masterhost
in more than 260 domain zones: .com, .net, .org, .site, .online, .email, .cam other.
You can register domains in international zones for a period of 1 to 10 years.

Premium domains

Premium segment domains exist in various domain zones (.COM, .NET, .RUS, .OOO and others).
Premium domains sound great and are memorable. For example, most two-character domains are premium. In addition, premium domains often consist of used, bright and euphonious words.

The list of domains with premium status is determined by the domain name zone registry independently. The cost of registering and renewing premium domains may differ from the standard domain cost. As a general rule, special prices and promotions for registration and renewal of domain names do not apply to premium domain names.

Multilingual domains (IDN)

Multilingual domain names are names represented by symbols of national alphabets in combination with a domain zone in the Latin alphabet.

The DNS system works only with Latin characters, so direct registration of such names in the Registry is impossible.

However, there is another way: the site address from the symbols of national alphabets, entered into the address bar of the browser, is converted at the expense of the resources of the program itself into a set of Latin characters that is acceptable for registration in the Registry.

Today, all modern browsers perform this transformation. For example, mydomain.su is not a domain name per se. This is the IDN or Latin representation for a traditional domain xn--d1acklchcc.su, which is obtained by recoding using a special PUNYCODE algorithm.

Multilingual domain registration is available in many country and international zones
(for example, in zones, COM, .NET, .LTD, .SPACE, etc.).

In the .SU domain, it is possible to register domain names, not only Cyrillic domain names, but also those consisting of symbols of the Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Arabic, Georgian alphabets and Hebrew.

In the .RUS and.RF zones, you can register a domain only for a Cyrillic domain.

Industry domains

Industry domains are intended for registration of third-level domain names, taking into account industry, departmental and other similar specifics. Registration of industry domains is done by masterhost through partner registrars.

Industry domains include:

.net.ru - for organizations implementing projects related to the development of the Internet;
.org.ru - for non-profit organizations;
.pp.ru - for individuals;
.com.ru - for commercial organizations.

Geographic domains

Geographic domain names are the existing designations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Registration of industry domains is done by masterhost through partner registrars.
Registration is valid for one year.

Territorial domains

Within the framework of generic domains, there are so-called sponsored domain zones (sTLD).

They are supported by funds that are allocated by representatives of the Internet community, the most interested in their existence.

At the same time, inside gTLD and ccTLD domains can be divided into a number of zones that have been delegated to certain territories or regions. Given their specificity, it makes sense to combine them into a special group of so-called “territorial domains”.

The main territorial domains include:

.eu - country code top-level domain for the European Union. In order to register a domain in the .EU zone, you must be a resident of the European Union or have a permanent representative on its territory.

.su- was originally delegated to the USSR. However, a geopolitical space has survived, in which economic and political ties are still extremely strong. Therefore, it was decided to position the .SU domain as a common space for the Russian language on the Internet.

Domains in zones .eu and .su are registered for a period of 1 year.

Domain registration rules in the .RU zone

the fully qualified domain name must end with “.RU” characters;
the preceding part of the domain name must contain from 2 to 63 characters, begin and end with a letter of the Latin alphabet or a number;
intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen;
the domain name cannot contain hyphens at the same time in the 3rd and the positions;

Domain registration rules in the .РФ zone

full domain name must end with ".РФ" characters;
the preceding part of the domain name must contain such a number of characters that the representation of the designation in the Punycode encoding contains from 2 to 63 characters, beginning and ending with a Cyrillic letter or a number;
a Cyrillic domain name can consist of letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, numbers from zero (0) to nine (9) and the hyphen (-) character;
allowed letters are letters of the Russian alphabet, including the letter "ё"; uppercase and lowercase letters do not differ;
to delegate a domain name, you need to go through mobile authorization by specifying the code received via SMS in the control panel. Without this action, the domain will be registered, but it will remain in the not delegated status.

RULES FOR REGISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL, COUNTRY AND SPONSORED DOMAINS

Fully qualified domain name must end with characters corresponding to the domain zone.
The preceding part of the domain name must contain:
1. in .PW, .RUS domains - from 3 to 63 characters;
2. in other international domains - from 2 to 63 characters;
Intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
The domain name cannot begin or end with a hyphen.

Rules for registering domains using national language characters

The domain name can be composed of letters of the national alphabet, numbers and hyphens.
Intermediate characters can be letters of the national alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
The maximum length of a domain name in Punycode cannot exceed 63 characters.

ICANN website: https://www.icann.org/

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP): https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-2012-02-25-ru

Registry Operators:

ANO Coordination Center for .RU / .РФ domains: https://cctld.ru/
Internet Development Fund: www.fid.su
VeriSign Inc: .COM, .NET domains https://www.verisign.com/
Public Interest Registry: .ORG domain: https://pir.org/policies/
LLC "Russian Names": domain.RUS: http://rusnames.ru/rules.pl
Donuts Inc. https://donuts.domains/about/policies/
CentralNic Ltd. https://www.centralnic.com/support/terms
Radix TLDs. https://radix.website/policies/

From the latter:

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What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones.

By the domain name, you can recognize some site affiliation: .ru - Russian-language sites, .ua - Ukrainian sites, .by - Belarusian sites, .com - commercial sites (from the word COMmerce). Although, without visiting the site only by domain, it is often not possible to absolutely correctly determine its ownership. Often, when buying a domain, webmasters rely only on its cost, or, on the freedom of the name of interest to him in one of the zones. In Russia, for example, in addition to ru, the com zone is very popular (moreover, it is not at all necessary for a commercial site), the info, net, org zone.

You can check the availability of the domain you are interested in here:

domain RU - 99 rubles
RF domain - 99 rubles

By the way, if you buy hosting from HTS.ru then you will receive domain for free!

Domains come in several levels.

First level domains (top level) are not used for site names by themselves - this is what is placed at the end of all domains after a period. All first-level domains can be roughly divided into two large parts: these are general use domains (public and limited availability) and national domains. First level domains are also called domain zone.

List of public domain zones

com - commercial
edu - educational
net - network (network providers)
aero - (air transportation industry)
gov - goverment (government)
int - International Organizations
coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
museum - (the domain is available for registration only for museums)
mil - military (US military institutions)
name - (created for domains like firstname.lastname.name)
org - organization (non-profit organizations)
pro - professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
mobi - mobile (devices and mobile operators)
info - information services
biz - businesses, firms
tv - television (television companies, organizations providing television services)
arpa - ArpaNet

List of geographic first level domains

AD - Andorra	AE - United Arab Emirates	AF - Afghanistan
AG - Antigua & Barbuda	AI - Anguilla	AL - Albania
AM - Armenia	AN - Netherlands Antilles	AO - Angola
AQ - Antarctica	AR - Argentina	AS - American Samoa
AT - Austria	AU - Australia	AW - Aruba
AZ - Azerbaijan	BA - Bosnia & Herzegovina	BB - Barbados
BD - Bangladesh	BE - Belgium	BF - Burkina Faso
BG - Bulgaria	BH - Bahrain	BI - Burundi
BJ - Benin	BM - Bermuda	BN - Brunei Darussalam
BO - Bolivia	BR - Brazil	BS - The Bahamas
BT - Bhutan	BV - Bouvet Island	BW - Botswana
BY - Belarus	BZ - Belize	CA - Canada
CC - Cocos Islands	CF - Central Africa	CG - Congo
CH - Switzerland	CI - Cote d "Ivoire	CK - Cook Islands
CL - Chile	CM - Cameroon	CN - China
CO - Colombia	CR - Costa Rica	CU - Cuba
CV - Cape Verde	CX - Christmas Island	CY - Cyprus
CZ - Czech Rep.	DE - Germany	DJ - Djibouti
DK - Denmark	DM - Dominica	DO - Dominican Rep.
DZ - Algeria	EC - Ecuador	EE - Estonia
EG - Egypt	EH - Western Sahara	ER - Eritrea
ES - Spain	ET - Ethiopia	FI - Finland
FJ - Fiji	FK - Falkland Islands	FM - Micronesia
FO - Faroe Islands	FR - France	FX - France Mеtr.
GA - Gabon	GD - Grenada	GE - Georgia
GF - French Guyana	GG - Guernsey	GH - Ghana
GI - Gibraltar	GL - Greenland	GM - Gambia
GN - Guinea	GP - Guadeloupe	GQ - Equatorial Guinea
GR - Greece	GS - South Georgia	GT - Guatemala
GU - Guam	GW - Guinea Bissau	GY - Guyana
HK - Hong Kong	HM - Heard	HN - Honduras
HR - Croatia	HT - Haiti	HU - Hungary
ID - Indonesia	IE - Ireland	IL - Israel
IM - Isle of Man	IN - India	IO - British Indian Ocean
IQ - Iraq	IR - Iran	IS - Iceland
IT - Italy	JE - Jersey	JM - Jamaica
JO - Jordan	JP - Japan	KE - Kenya
KG - Kyrgyzstan	KH - Cambodia	KI - Kiribati
KM - Comoros	KN - St. Kitts and nevis	KP - Korea, North
KR - Korea, South	KW - Kuwait	KY - Cayman Islands
KZ - Kazakhstan	LA - Laos	LB - Lebanon
LC - St. Lucia	LI - Liechtenstein	LK - Sri Lanka
LR - Liberia	LS - Lesotho	LT - Lithuania
LU - Luxembourg	LV - Latvia	LY - Libya
MA - Morocco	MC - Monaco	MD - Moldova
MG - Madagascar	MH - Marshall Isl.	MK - Macedonia
ML - Mali	MM - Myanmar	MN - Mongolia
MO - Macao	MP - North Mariana I.	MQ - Martinique
MR - Mauritania	MS - Montserrat	MT - Malta
MU - Mauritius	MV - Maldives	MW - Malawi
MX - Mexico	MY - Malaysia	MZ - Mozambique
NA - Namibia	NC - New Caledonia	NE - Niger
NF - Norfolk Island	NG - Nigeria	NI - Nicaragua
NL - Netherlands	NO - Norway	NO - St. Pierre-miquelon
NP - Nepal	NR - Nauru	NU - Niue
NZ - New Zealand	OM - Oman	PA - Panama
PE - Peru	PF - French Polynesia	PG - Papua New Guinea
PH - Philippines	PK - Pakistan	PL - Poland
PN - Pitcairn	PR - Puerto Rico	PT - Portugal
PW - Palau	PY - Paraguay	QA - Qatar
RE - Reunion	RO - Romania	RU - Russia
RW - Rwanda	SA - Saudi Arabia	SB - Solomon Islands
SC - Seychelles	SD - Sudan	SE - Sweden
SG - Singapore	SH - St. Helena	SI - Slovenia
SJ - Svalbard	SK - Slovakia	SL - Sierra Leone
SM - San Marino	SN - Senegal	SO - Somalia
SR - Suriname	ST - Sao Tome-Principe	SV - El Salvador
SY - Syria	SZ - Swaziland	TC - Turk-Caicos I.
TD - Chad	TF - French South T.	TG - Togo
TH - Thailand	TJ - Tajikistan	TK - Tokelau
TM - Turkmenistan	TN - Tunisia	TO - Tonga
TP - East Timor	TR - Turkey	TT - Trinidad-Tobago
TV - Tuvalu	TW - Taiwan	TZ - Tanzania
UA - Ukraine	UG - Uganda	UK - United Kingdom
UM - Minor Outlying I.	US - United States	UY - Uruguay
UZ - Uzbekistan	VA - Vatican	VC - St. Vincent-Grenadines
VE - Venezeula	VG - Virgin Islands (BR)	VI - Virgin Islands (US)
VN - Vietnam	VU - Vanuatu	WF - Wallis and Futuna I.
WS - Samoa	YE - Yemen	YT - Mayotte
YU - Yugoslavia	ZA - South Africa	ZM - Zambia
ZR - Zaire

As you can see, among general purpose domains there are those that are available for registration to any user (COM, NET, ORG, INFO, BIZ, NAME, etc.), and those that are available only to organizations corresponding to the status of the domain zone (these are INT domains that are allocated for international organizations, EDU for US higher education institutions, GOV for US government agencies, etc.).

National (geographic) domains Are two-letter first-level domains that are assigned by the international organization Internet Assigned Numbers Authority in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of these countries. Currently, there are about 243 national domains in the world, including RU, SU, UA, DE, US, UK, JP and others.

Domain.RU is the national domain of the Russian Federation. If your site will be visited mainly by people from Russia or your company operates in Russia, then a domain in the .RU zone is ideal for your site address (besides, it is one of the cheapest). Also, there is an opinion that sites on .RU domains are more willingly indexed by Yandex.

When adding a word before the first-level domain, we get second level domain(for example, a website). If you add one more keyword, you get third level domain(for example, news.yandex.ru), which is also called sub-domain... Subdomains are often used to host different sections of one site on them, or to publish a site in another language. Search engines consider subdomains to be different sites (unless they are mirrors of the main site). Subdomains are also used as free gift domains on hosting. According to the same principle, fourth level domains, but, on the Internet, they are extremely rare, which, in general, is correct, because their names are difficult to remember.

All domains are registered for an individual or legal entity. Domain owner information displayed in whois (from who is - "who?"). Whois service is provided, for example, by this site www.networksolutions.com/whois/. The information displays the name of the owner, his contact information, the hosting on which this site is assigned, the date of registration. Optionally, some registrars can hide the registration information about the owner, leaving only the contact e-mail and hosting address. This is done by the private person service.

Choosing a domain for your site, or a company site is not as easy as it seems at first glance. The domain must contain a certain word (or phrase), reflect either the name of the company, or the direction of its activities. It should be easily perceived by ear (suddenly you have to dictate it over the phone), be remembered and associated with your company. It is also desirable that, not knowing the site address, but using his intuition, the user can enter the domain correctly (for example, classmates).

The difficulty is that millions of domains have already been registered, and finding a suitable one is sometimes extremely difficult. At the same time, not all domains are registered for direct use, many are registered for stock, for future resale (cybersquatting), or to make money on domain parking.

For serious projects, it is recommended to register 2nd level domains at once in all popular international zones and in all spellings. This is done for 2 reasons: perhaps the user will confuse the zone, or make a mistake in the name, but still get to your site, and this will prevent the possibility of blackmail by cybersquatters.

Oddly enough, but the cheapest is the most popular domain.ru. For example, you can buy it only for 99r per year!

In general, a domain is an integral part of the Internet, a source of income and the first stage in creating a website.

RU-CENTER has been one of the largest registrars on the Russian market since 2001. We provide services for registration, renewal and transfer of support for information about domain names in more than: national, international and thematic.

To do this, enter the query you are interested in in the search bar and click "Check". The list of results will show free names in domain zones with a price for the first year - all available, from the most expensive to the most expensive. Our selection will allow you to check if a particular domain is free if you enter it in its entirety into the search bar.

Select the appropriate option from the search results by category or the entire list, place and pay for the order. The indicated ones are valid for the first year of registration and may differ from the price of the domain upon renewal.

After receiving the money, the domain name is registered in the central database (Registry) - an individual or organization that has entered into an agreement with RU-CENTER is indicated by the administrator.

After registration, management and all information about the domain become available in the "For clients" section.