How to create a home Wi-Fi network from scratch? Wi-Fi internet in a private house. Choosing a router, and which Internet to connect Home wi fi

Installing Wi-Fi will make your life better!

Do you use the Internet every day and cannot imagine your life without it? Are you used to using it to find the information you need, communicate, make purchases? Our company is pleased to offer you such a service as installing a wifi router at home or in an apartment in Moscow. The prices for our services will delight you! In addition, we offer you to connect interactive (digital) television and enjoy your favorite TV channels in high quality HD.

Prices for popular services:

Type of work	Cost, rub.
Departure of the master to your home or office (within the Moscow Ring Road)	0
Installation of Wi-Fi Internet or TV in the apartment	Is free
Wi-Fi Internet 100 Mbps	from 300 Rub / month
Wi-Fi Internet 200 Mbps	RUB 500 / month
Wi-Fi Internet 500 Mbps	850 RUB / month
Wi-Fi Internet 100 Mbps + TV 124 channels	550 RUB / month
Wi-Fi Internet 200 Mbps + TV 124 channels	600 RUB / month
Wi-Fi Internet 500 Mbps + TV 124 channels	1050 RUB / month
Digital TV 124 channels	320 RUB / month
Digital TV 170 channels	580 RUB / month
Rent a Wi-Fi router	10 RUB / month
TV set-top box rental	10 RUB / month
Router installation and configuration (without internet connection)	400 - 1.100
Updating the network driver (if necessary)	300

Types of work (cost)

Departure of the master to your home or office (within the Moscow Ring Road) - 0 rubles.

Installation of Wi-Fi Internet or TV in the apartment - Free

Wi-Fi Internet 100 Mbps - from 300 rubles / month

Wi-Fi Internet 200 Mbps - 500 rubles / month

Wi-Fi Internet 500 Mbps - 850 rubles / month

Wi-Fi Internet 100 Mbps + TV 124 channels - 550 rubles / month

Wi-Fi Internet 200 Mbps + TV 124 channels - 600 rubles / month

Wi-Fi Internet 500 Mbps + TV 124 channels - 1050 RUB / month

Digital TV 124 channels - 320 rubles / month

Digital TV 170 channels - 580 rubles / month

Rent of a Wi-Fi router - 10 rubles / month

TV set-top box rental - 10 rubles / month

Router installation and configuration (without Internet connection) - 400 - 1100 rubles.

Updating the network driver (if necessary) - 300 rubles.

Call the master

Call our company and we will help you with the selection of the necessary equipment and install Wi-Fi routers of any models and manufacturers. As a result, you will be able to connect each of your devices to the Internet. And you don't have to lay a lot of wires entangling everything around them.

Internet access anywhere in the apartment!

It is enough just to install wifi at home, and this will allow you to work at a computer or laptop not only in one place, but also wherever it is convenient. In addition, installing a Wi-Fi router will allow you to unite all devices into a single network. For example, it will give you the ability to print documents from any computer to one printer. And you can exchange files between devices without the tedious use of flash drives.

Our guarantees

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Not sure how much it costs to install a router and which model to choose?

Doubt which manufacturer you can trust? Call us and we will help you choose the best option from such trusted brands as D Link, Asus, Zyxel, Trendnet, TP Link, etc. Leave a request to call the router installation wizard, and our specialist will bring you to your home or office in Moscow new modern wireless router and install it.

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Feedback from our clients

overall rating:

Heartfelt thanks! Yesterday, on April 8, a young man named Vitaly arrived at the request. Contract No. 493. In my laptop in the "mail" all of a sudden the font changed for no reason and the letters became literally microscopic. Despite the fact that (as he said) he had never encountered such a problem before, he found a solution rather quickly. And now I am writing to you ... Thank you for your qualified help. Regards, Tatiana

Alexander

overall rating:

Recently, the computer has started to freak out. Either the blue screen of death will be thrown out, then it will quietly go into reboot. I studied the question on the Internet - everywhere they definitely recommend starting with cleaning the insides of dust. I decided not to climb myself, according to a competent article with recommendations, I decided to stop at this site. I thought if we were able to write an article competently, then they probably work better with their hands than I do and at least know what they are doing. I called a specialist. The order was accepted the next day without any problems, despite the fact that it was a weekend. Arriving on time, Vitaly literally cleaned the animal for me in an hour and replaced the thermal paste on the radiator. The result is obvious. Aida, which showed a CPU temperature of 80 degrees under load (and up to 90 degrees on cores), now says that the processor does not heat up even to 60 degrees under 100% load. Plus the cooler stopped screaming. Very satisfied. Respect to the service, my rating is 5 points. Thanks to Vitaly.

Alexandra

overall rating:

Thank you very much for the promptness and quality repair! The prices are adequate, people are well-mannered) the laptop was repaired, it was not "untwisted" for more

Installing a wifi router - one for all and all for one!

The modern age of information technology dictates its own conditions: the number of computers per capita is constantly growing. More and more people prefer computer technology: it is convenient and sometimes necessary. Many families in Moscow have several computers at once. It can be a stationary personal computer, a laptop or netbook, a tablet, a communicator or a mobile phone with great functionality.

So, there are several computers in the family and everyone needs access to the Internet. But, as a rule, only one Internet access channel from the provider is provided to one apartment or private house.

In order for several computers to be able to connect to it at once, you need to install a wifi router. This is many times more convenient than using one channel, taking turns connecting a modem or network cable to different computers. In addition, not all providers allow their channel to be used with different computers.

Installing a router at home, what's the use?

No extra wires.
High speed data transfer (up to 900 Mb / s).
Quickly add new devices to the network.
The ability to connect to the Internet for all devices with a Wi-Fi module.
The ability to use the Internet anywhere in your apartment or office.

The masters of our home computer help service will install a router for any Internet provider in Moscow and the Moscow region: Beeline, Akado, Rostelecom (Onlime), NetByNet and other Internet providers.

Installing a wifi router is the solution to many problems!

Correct installation of a wi-fi router is not an easy task. There are many factors to consider. These are the features of the network protocols of your Internet provider, and the type of communication channel and its frequency, and the types of devices connected to the network. It is very important to correctly select and configure network encryption, protection against unauthorized access, and much more.

The engineers of the site will be able to help you with any questions related to the installation of wifi at home or in an apartment. Believe that the price of the service will not shock you. The most popular are the services for the installation of d link dir 300, d link dir 615 routers, asus rt g32, asus rt n10 and n12 routers, zyxel keenetic giga.

Installing wifi at home, in an apartment or in an office is our job!

With the advent of laptops, and later other mobile devices, the wires that traditionally connected PCs on the network began to get in the way. can be carried from place to place, but it is not very convenient to do when it is attached to it. The idea of combining computers with the help of radio waves in the manner of a radiotelephone has become quite natural. The first developments of wireless Wi-Fi standards appeared.

Now this technology has firmly entered our lives, as anyone can make WiFi at home. After all, it is so convenient to be able to quickly connect to the Internet from anywhere in an apartment, office, park or cafe. Modern Wi-Fi standards allow you to work on the network at a speed sufficient for listening to music and watching movies online. We can say that Wi-Fi wireless technologies give a person information freedom.

Making a Wi-Fi network

To make a network, you need two types of equipment: a Wi-Fi access point and clients that will connect to the network. Clients can be laptops, PDAs, mobile devices that support Wi-Fi, as well as stationary computers that have an external or internal Wi-Fi adapter. An access point is usually a router that supports wireless networks, such as the D-Link DIR 300.

First, you need to configure the router itself, since making WiFi at home with distribution to several clients will not work without it. The device must be connected to a computer using a web interface, which can be opened in a browser, is used to control this device. If the configuration is performed for the first time, then you can find the login and password in the documentation for the router, if not, then the owner of the device should know it.

When the authorization is completed, the router management page will open, where you need to find the section on Wi-Fi. Here you can enable or disable the wireless connection, set the SSID of the network, which will help protect it from unauthorized interference, as well as select the traffic encryption method and security key.

When on the router, you can start configuring the client. As a rule, there is nothing complicated here: if the wireless adapter works fine and the software is installed for it, then the list of available networks will be visible in the Network Control Center or in a special window on Windows XP. You can usually find out about the discovery of a new network from the Windows tray. After selecting a network from the list, you can connect to it by entering the SSID of the network and, depending on the encryption settings, the security key.

You might wonder how to make WiFi at home without a router. There is such a method, but only two computers can be connected with it, not all adapters support it, and the speed will be lower than using a router.

How it works?

How to make WiFi at home is almost clear, but how does this system work? The entire technology is built on the access points to which clients connect. Each such point creates its own network and has its own data transmission parameters, such as network identifier, encryption method (if applicable), encryption key. Each network has a coverage area, that is, the area around the access point in which it can recognize the signal from the clients, and, conversely, the signal from the access point can be recognized by the clients. has a range of up to 300 meters. But this value is "ideal", in practice it decreases due to various obstacles.

As you can see, it has a fairly small long-range action. But progress does not stand still, and wireless networks of the WiMAX standard are gradually being introduced. WiMAX access point has a range measured in kilometers and, possibly, in the future, this technology will provide Internet access to the most remote corners of the planet.

In order to organize a Wi-Fi network in a private house, you will, of course, need an Internet connection, and the Wi-Fi router itself, which will already distribute the Internet to all your devices. If, for example, we compare a private house with an apartment, or some kind of office, then a special router or any other special equipment is not needed for the house. All the difference is that, in comparison with an apartment, a private house is usually located outside the city, where it is not always possible to connect a regular cable Internet.

Therefore, if you decide to make an Internet connection via Wi-Fi in your private house, and also via a network cable, then you first need to choose a method of connecting to the Internet, an operator (internet provider), and then, already for a specific connection, you need to select a Wi-Fi router. Well, private houses, as a rule, are much larger than ordinary apartments, and several floors. Therefore, most likely you will need to install not only one Wi-Fi router, but also a Wi-Fi network repeater, or several routers. In order for the Wi-Fi network to cover the whole house and all floors. Near a private house, there is usually also a courtyard where you can bask in the sun. Therefore, for many it is important that the Internet via Wi-Fi also works in the courtyard near the house.

It is in these moments that we will try to figure it out in the article. We will find out which Internet is better to connect to a private house, which router to choose, how to install it and make the Wi-Fi network work throughout the house. I think this is exactly what you need.

Let's divide the article into several sections:

Internet connection in a private house: in the city, outside the city, or in the village. Choosing a connection method, and an Internet provider.
Choosing a Wi-Fi router for distributing the Internet wirelessly in a private house.
Strengthening the Wi-Fi network in the house. What to do if Wi-Fi does not catch on all floors and in the yard.

You can go directly to the required section. For example, if you already have the Internet connected, or you know which one to connect, then you can go straight to choosing a router.

What Internet to connect to a private house?

To connect your smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other devices to the Internet via Wi-Fi, you need to connect the Internet to the router that will distribute the wireless network. Therefore, first of all, you need to bring the Internet into the house. The most optimal Internet in terms of price / quality / speed is a regular Ethernet cable. Or, what else is there now, it seems that fiber is becoming a popular way to connect to the Internet. In the city, in the apartment, you can easily connect such an Internet. It is not expensive, but the speed is good there.

If your house is located in the city, or even outside the city, then you definitely need to find out if it is possible to connect cable Internet. You can ask your neighbors if they already have the Internet connected, and you can bring the same to your house. First of all, you need to find out what method of connection is generally possible in your area.

Let's look at different connection technologies, let's start with the most optimal ones:

Normal cable internet(Ethernet), or fiber optic. It is imperative to find out if it is possible to stretch such a cable into your house.
ADSL internet... Telephone connection. If you have a landline phone, you can check with your operator if they provide an internet connection in your locality.
Wireless 3G, 4G LTE internet via USB modem. In most cases, this is the only way to connect to the Internet in a private home. Especially if your house is located in a village where there is no cable Internet connection. Internet from a USB modem can also be distributed via Wi-Fi, everything works fine. All you need is a special router. Consider this issue below in the article.
InnerFeed and AirMax... For example, in Ukraine, the Intertelecom provider offers the "Home Internet Wi-Fi" service. To be honest, I don’t know which providers provide such a connection in Russia and in other countries. This type of connection is much better than a USB modem. The speed is better, and most importantly, more stable. And the tariffs are cheaper. Cons: expensive equipment (antenna), and you need a line of sight with the tower. Therefore, the coverage is not very large yet.
Satellite Internet for a private house. To be honest, I'm not very good at it. I know that it is very expensive, difficult, and there is nothing good in it. Therefore, I will not consider it. Not the most popular connection.

It seems to me that 4G Internet now works better than ADSL, for example. It's up to you to choose here. Look at the tariffs, by the connection speed.

Most likely, you will be connecting 3G, 4G LTE internet. See what the operators offer, what tariffs and coverage are there. It is advisable to choose the operator with the best coverage in your area. If your area has a very poor 4G signal, or even 3G, then you will need to install a special antenna. But, the operator, whose services you want to use, will already tell you.

I think we figured out the connection to the Internet in a private house. The ISP may offer you a modem, or a Wi-Fi router that will distribute a wireless network. If they do not have such a service, or the proposed equipment does not suit you, then you will need to choose, buy and install a router yourself. We choose a router depending on the Internet that you have brought to your house. Well, do not forget about the area to which you need to distribute the Wi-Fi network, and about the load that the router must withstand.

Choosing a Wi-Fi router for a private house

Routers are not divided into those for apartments, houses, offices, etc. The main thing is that the router supports the connection to the Internet, which is conducted to your house.

If the Internet via USB modem

If you have the Internet via a 3G / 4G modem, then you definitely need a router that supports USB modems. If the router has a USB port, this does not mean that it can connect to the Internet via a modem and distribute it via Wi-Fi. On choosing a router with support for USB modems, I wrote in the article:.

Everything is very simple: we connect the modem to the router, set the necessary parameters, and you're done. The router receives the Internet from the modem, and distributes it via Wi-Fi and cable. It looks something like this:

You can also see for an example, and.

If your reception is poor, your internet speed can be very slow. In this case, installing a special antenna can help. And be sure to tune the modem (antenna) for maximum reception, and only after setting, connect it to the router.

If the Internet is via a regular cable (Ethernet), or ADSL

If you already have an ADSL modem, then you can buy the most common router with a WAN RJ-45 connector, connect it to the modem, and it will distribute the Internet throughout the house. There are many routers that support connecting a telephone cable (RJ-11 WAN connector). Or, it would be more correct to say ADSL modems that can distribute Wi-Fi.

Well, if the most ordinary network cable (RJ-45) is laid into the house from the provider, then you need a regular router. There are a lot of them on the market now. You can look at an overview of some models in the category. Also, we have instructions for setting up many routers from different manufacturers.

If you have a large house and you will be connecting a lot of devices, then I advise you not to save money on the router. Especially if you plan to watch online videos, play online games, etc. Well, the radius of the Wi-Fi network coverage, to some extent, also depends on the power, and, accordingly, the price of the router.

What to do if Wi-Fi is not catching all over the house and in the yard?

And so, you connected the Internet, installed a Wi-Fi router in your house, the Internet works via a wireless network, but as often happens, not all rooms have coverage. And in the case of a private house, Wi-Fi may not be available on other floors, and in the yard near the house. Therefore, we need to somehow expand the range of the Wi-Fi network. This can be done in several ways:

If there is still a signal in the necessary rooms, but it is very weak, then you can try to amplify it without buying any devices. For example, by setting up a router, and in other ways, which I wrote about in the article. Or, . For the purchase of antennas, you already need to spend. Also, I advise you to choose the optimal location for your router.
In my opinion, the best option is to buy and repeater installation... You can read what a repeater is. I recently wrote. The repeater will simply strengthen the existing Wi-Fi network.
Can install another router... For example, on the second floor. If possible, then it is best to connect the routers via a network cable, and the second. Also, routers can be connected wirelessly, in repeater mode, or in WDS bridge mode. It all depends on the model and manufacturer of the router. You can read the article:.
Electricity Internet in a private house. I'm not kidding 🙂 Thanks to technology, and special adapters, you can skip the Internet through ordinary electrical wiring, and connect to it from any outlet throughout the house. For example, you have a router on the ground floor. We plug in a special PowerLine adapter near it, to which we connect the Internet. And on the second and third floors, we put one more PowerLine adapter, to which you can connect devices via cable, or even via Wi-Fi. Or, install and connect one more router to them. There are a lot of options, and for a private house, this is an excellent solution. I have already written about setting up such a scheme.
If you need good Wi-Fi coverage in the yard, then the best option is to install an outdoor access point. Which is placed outside the house, connects to a router (modem), and provides excellent Wi-Fi coverage throughout the area near your home.

Let's summarize

First, we find and determine for ourselves the most optimal way to connect to the Internet, which is in the place where your house is located. If it is possible to run a cable, great. If not, then most likely you will have to connect 3G, 4G LTE Internet.

Once you decide on the connection method, you need to choose a router. The main thing is that it works with your internet connection. Well, be guided by the size of your house, by the number of devices, and by the load that the router must withstand. For a large, private house, it is better to buy not the cheapest model of a router.

When everything is set up, check if the Wi-Fi network is everywhere where you need it. If you have problems with coverage, then read the tips above, choose the best option for yourself, and expand the range of Wi-Fi network coverage in your home and yard.

If you have any questions, ask in the comments. I will be happy to answer, and I will try to help with advice. Good luck!

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Gone are the days when a single home computer was the pride of the owner and the center of leisure for the whole family.

The pace of development of electronics leads to the fact that soon there will not be a single household item in which a processor, even a small one, would not be installed. And even now in every home there are five or two devices capable of storing, processing and transmitting information. And sooner or later the moment comes when we, tired of running with a flash drive from one device to another, begin to think about what would be nice to connect them with each other.

Of course, ideally it would be to think over the composition of the equipment in advance so that there are no problems of incompatibility and unnecessary expenses. But in practice, it often happens that a host of motley devices are already present in your home and you need to somehow connect them together, minimizing efforts and costs as much as possible.

Photo from the site hardnsoft.ru

Wired Ethernet is the optimal cost / benefit ratio. Of course, it requires drilling the walls to lay the cable, but it works very reliably and is beyond competition in terms of connection speed, especially if you use ports with a speed of 1 Gb / s. And if all future nodes (this is what the network nodes are called) are equipped with an RJ-45 port and rarely move around the apartment outside the designated places, then this will be the best solution. All that is required to create a network is a few tens of meters of twisted pair cable and a simple router or switch.

But we will consider a more complex case, when some devices are constantly moving (netbooks, laptops or tablets - whoever has what), others do not have an Ethernet port, but are equipped with a Wi-Fi module (PDA or communicators), and still others do not nor the other (HD media player or external storage). You can be sure that building a network is in any case not something outstanding and is quite within the power of everyone.

Photo from the site hardnsoft.ru

Varieties of Wi-Fi networks
Obviously, at home, the only possible universal solution would be a wireless network based on Wi-Fi. First, you need to decide on the basis of which of the Wi-Fi standards the future network should be designed. Currently, there are four types of them: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n, colloquially called a, b, g, n - after the last letter.

The most common is b, it is also the slowest: the transmission channel speed does not exceed 11 Mb / s (compare with 100 or 1000 Mb / s for Ethernet). Moreover, if Ethernet's real data transfer rate approaches the channel speed, then for a wireless network it is usually approximately two times lower (see the article “In the city“ n ”in this issue).

A and g have a higher speed - up to 54 Mb / s, but a operates at a different frequency - 5 GHz, which is not certified in Russia, in contrast to b and g, which operate at 2.4 GHz. This speed can be enough for surfing the Internet and most other applications, so we will choose 802.11g as the basis for our network. Typically, every device based on the g standard also supports b, which will ensure compatibility with less advanced devices such as PDAs.

If the speed of 20-30 Mb / s (that is, only about 3 Mb / s) seems insufficient (for example, you plan to transfer large files over the network, such as high-definition films, etc.), you will have to fork out for n - the most modern and expensive standard that allows you to reach speeds as high as 300 Mb / s. There are two versions of it - for 5 and 2.4 GHz, the first of which is also not certified, but more efficient, since it uses an almost unloaded frequency range.

Therefore, the most demanding users can be advised to purchase dual-band devices at their own peril and risk (given the very limited range of the transmitter - about a few tens of meters, you can see that the risk is small). But here a compatibility problem may appear, because not all 802.11n devices work at 5 GHz (I mean high-speed mode n, since they still support modes b and g).

Sharing resources
One of the main advantages of the network is the ability to share information (for example, movies, music, or documents). This problem can be solved in several ways. One of them is to share folders on one of the computers using standard operating system tools (for security purposes, you can limit yourself to the "Read-only" mode). This method is quite simple, but it requires constant computer work with shared data. Likewise, you can make a locally connected printer or MFP publicly available.

Looking ahead, let's say that routers with built-in USB ports provide more convenience. They allow you to connect an external hard drive or printer, making them available to each of the network nodes, and even organize a torrent download. It will be able to work completely autonomously and around the clock (it is not customary to turn off the router, and its power consumption is quite insignificant), download files not only from distributions, but also from most popular file sharing services (the latter usually requires installing a modified firmware, but this is beyond the scope of this article ).

Wireless routers equipped with USB ports can also provide network access to external drives in the form of an FTP server. This method is a little more complicated in the settings (they are performed through the router's web interface), but it is more universal, does not depend on the computer, however, it forces you to convert the file system of an external hard drive, for example, to EXT.

Photo from the site hardnsoft.ru

Equipment selection
Now let's talk about what kind of equipment we need. To organize a Wi-Fi network, a so-called access point is needed: it is she who is responsible for forwarding data packets from one device to another. But it is only suitable for connecting several devices over the air, so we will use a Wi-Fi router with such a point inside as the "heart" of our wireless network, as well as a built-in switch for wired devices. It is he who can provide not only the connection of "wired" devices (storage systems or a desktop computer) along with wireless ones, but also the connection of this entire economy to the Internet. In the absence of a switch, we would have to keep one of the computers on at all times.

Photo from the site hardnsoft.ru

So conduct an audit of your computer economy and choose a suitable router with the necessary set of ports and a wireless standard. For example, it can be a budget option with four hundred megabyte Ethernet ports and an 802.11b / g access point, or a fancy one with eight gigabit Ethernet ports, a dual-band 802.11n access point, and three USB 2.0 ports - covering almost any request.

Special consideration should be given to cases when the connection to the Internet is made not through a local Ethernet network, but through ADSL (for example, the infamous "Stream"), or in a more exotic way (WiMAX, GPRS or otherwise). Then this should be taken into account when choosing a router. For Stream, you will need a special router with a built-in ADSL modem, or if you couldn't find one or want to save a little, you can use the existing ADSL modem by connecting the Internet through it, and all other nodes - through an additional inexpensive router connected to the modem ...

Photo from the site hardnsoft.ru

To work in WiMAX networks (Yota, Comstar and the like), there are special devices that include a WiMAX modem and a Wi-Fi access point. In this case, a router is either not needed at all, or can only be used to connect wired devices; you just need to pay attention to the fact that it can connect to the WAN via Wi-Fi (usually this is not possible with the standard firmware). The same applies to the GPRS / EDGE connection (or a more modern version, the so-called 3G) - the easiest way is to purchase a communicator capable of sharing an Internet access channel using the built-in Wi-Fi module.

All devices with Ethernet ports are better connected with wires: files will be transferred more reliably and faster. The rest will use built-in Wi-Fi adapters, or such adapters must be retrofitted. For most laptops, it's easy to purchase and install an onboard PCI Mini / PCIe Mini card, or use an external USB adapter that works with some media players and NAS as well.

An external USB drive or flash drive (64 GB models are already quite affordable) connected to a router (it must have a USB port) is suitable for a torrent rocking network drive. A flash drive has the advantage that it does not require additional power, unlike the vast majority of USB hard drives (the built-in USB port in the router is very limited in terms of the power provided), but it works slower. However, for most applications, its speed is sufficient. You can organize a "rocking chair" in a media player or NAS, many of which support the download mode, but this is less convenient, since it requires the constant inclusion of two devices instead of one.

Manual setting
To manually configure the network in each of the devices connected to it, you need to set three parameters - the IP addresses of the device and gateway, and the subnet mask. Everyone probably knows that an IP address is a unique number that can be used to transfer data to any of the network nodes.

There are two versions of the address - v.4 and v.6, consisting of 4 and 6 bytes, respectively. The 6-byte version is not supported by all devices, but it will dominate in the future. For now, the usual 4-byte is enough for us.

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Since the IP address is unique, it does not have to be the same for devices on the same network. This is an immutable rule, violation of which is fraught with either a complete failure of the network, or permanent problems. Therefore, you will have to strain your imagination and invent four numbers from 0 to 255 for each of the devices. To further facilitate this difficult task, there are certain rules.

Data in computer networks is transmitted using so-called packets or sets of bytes, with a header indicating the IP address or addresses of the destination nodes. Obviously, sending packets to all billions of computers on the Internet at once would make work impossible, so the networks are divided into smaller subnets, and IP packets for local computers should not leave the subnet limits. To simplify the transmission of packets, all nodes on the same network are assigned similar IP addresses: 1, 2, or 3 bytes are the same, the rest are different. The subnet mask will help you determine the number of bytes that match. Units are written in the place of the matching bits, and zeros are in place of the different bits.

Thus, the class C network mask 255.255.255.0 means that only 1 byte, the last one, can change, that is, there cannot be more than 256 nodes on this network (in fact, only 255, since the address xxx255 is reserved for broadcast packets, delivered to all nodes of the network at once). It is unlikely that you will have more devices, so it is advisable not to fantasize and use this particular format. For addressing nodes in a type C network, addresses from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 are reserved. Considering that they can also be used on the local network of your Internet provider, and also taking into account the restrictions on the use of broadcast packets, it is reasonable to choose addresses for the hosts on the home network from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.254 or from 192.168.N.0 to 192.168 .N.254, where N is any number from 1 to 254 (but necessarily the same for all network addresses!), If the first specified range matches the range of the provider's network. Let's leave the default subnet mask: 255.255.255.0.

And the last is the gateway address. A gateway is a network node through which all other nodes connect to the Internet. So we will have the address of the router (usually 192.168.0.1) or the always-on computer, which we decided to use as it. When configuring the router itself as a gateway, we indicate it (if it is directly connected to the provider's network) or the address of the ADSL modem (if it is connected via a modem).

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The story about IP addressing will be incomplete if we do not mention another, "special" address - 127.0.0.1. It is used to indicate the so-called local host, that is, the same computer from which the packet is sent. If you want to access files on the hard disk of the same computer on which you are currently working through a browser, use the address 127.0.0.1, or localhost.

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Automatic tuning
While it is easy to manually configure IP addresses, there are ways to automate this process. The main one is the DHCP server. As a rule, it is already built into most routers. It is enough to activate this option in the settings, and all network nodes that support the DHCP client function will be able to obtain an IP address themselves: you just need to tell them to “Obtain an IP address automatically”.

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This is convenient in some cases: for example, when friends often come to you with their laptops and there is no desire to go into their settings every time. In addition, certain devices, such as smartphones and media players, do not allow manual configuration of the IP address and only agree to the automatic option.

Although manual entry of addresses also has its advantages - the network configuration becomes more predictable, and some programs strive to remember the IP address of a network resource inside themselves, therefore, after changing it (which can happen in auto mode at any time), they happily report that “the resource is not available ".

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Security
Is she needed? Many users do not pay enough attention to security, which is partly facilitated by the policy of equipment manufacturers: to make the initial configuration of devices as easy as possible, all security systems are disabled by default. In wired networks, this is permissible, since there, in order to achieve absolute security, it is enough to disconnect your home network from the Internet, and then a possible attacker will have the only way to get into your network - to get inside the apartment and connect to your router.

Even when connected to the Internet, your internal resources are not visible from the outside: to ensure their visibility, you need to configure the Port forwarding function in the router (as they say, "forward ports"). Then, when accessing a local resource from the external network, the router will redirect the packet to the local network node where the required resource is located (each type of resource has its own port number). Initially, Port forwarding is not configured at all, which allows you to be calm until you decide to become interested in this issue and configure the function yourself.

A completely different situation with a wireless network. Since radio radiation propagates well even through walls, it is possible to connect to it even at some distance from your apartment. That is, an attacker living in a neighboring apartment or simply entering the entrance (and sometimes sitting on a bench near the house) can easily connect to an unprotected ("open") network. With directional antennas, this is possible even over a distance of several kilometers!

And don't say you have nothing to hide. At best, attackers can simply steal your traffic (even if you have unlimited bandwidth, the speed will still drop), and at worst, they can commit some illegal action (say, steal passwords from a bank) by going online through your network. And then the security service, detecting a breach, will track the IP address of the hacker, which will lead - where do you think? - straight to you! And to explain that you have nothing to do with it will be quite problematic.

Therefore, using an open wireless network is unacceptable. There are three ways to protect your data: authorization, encryption, and packet filtering. Authorization is used to allow access to network resources only to those nodes that know the secret key. Encryption prevents an attacker from intercepting the transmitted data. Finally, packet filtering blocks access to the network for all users except the predefined ones. You might think that authorization and filtering are similar; in fact, this is not so - the packets of the node that have not passed filtering do not even reach the authorization stage.

But encryption and authorization are similar in that they are usually governed by the same security standard. Modern routers and access points support the following standards: WEP (aka Shared Key), WPA-Personal (sometimes referred to as WPA-PSK), WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Personal, and WPA2-Enterprise. It is better not to use everything except the last two due to insufficient security, and WEP encryption (sometimes controlled by separate settings) also leads to a noticeable drop in transmission speed.

However, there are no other options in the 802.11b network, the few WPA implementations from different manufacturers, as a rule, are incompatible with each other. And if there are such devices in your network, the entire network will work in mode b, with all the ensuing consequences, including snail speed.

So it is highly desirable to get rid of legacy devices that do not support 802.11g. In laptops this is usually possible by replacing the built-in Wi-Fi card or using an external USB adapter, while in a PDA ... Old PDAs will have to be replaced entirely or not used at all in the network.

Now let's talk about the difference between Personal and Enterprise encryption options. The first of them uses the generation of access keys based on a password, which, of course, should be chosen as long as possible, using letters of different case, numbers and special characters. In case of failure when connecting one or several devices, it is worth trying to enter the key in hexadecimal form, which is provided in almost all devices.

Of the two key encryption options - TKIP and AES - it is recommended to choose the second, more cryptographically strong one. The sometimes encountered combined version of TKIP + AES seems redundant and can lead to problems. Enterprise encryption is more secure, but requires a dedicated RADIUS server. Therefore, if you do not have the time and / or desire to configure such a server, it is advisable to limit yourself to the "personal" option, especially since WPA2-Personal provides a sufficient level of security - in conversations about hacking wireless networks, WEP or, less often, WPA is usually mentioned and almost never WPA2. The degradation in network performance with WPA2 encryption is almost imperceptible.

Those wishing to bring the level of security to the paranoid can be recommended to enable filtering by MAC-addresses. A MAC address is a unique identifier for a device that is different for each wireless adapter, laptop or PDA. By adding the MAC addresses of your devices to the list, you can be sure that only they will be able to access the network, and activating the hidden mode of the network (turning off Broadcast SSID) will not give an attacker even a reason to become interested in it. Additionally, you can activate the firewall (aka firewall) built into the router, leaving only the necessary ports open. In addition to protecting against port scans, it helps well against DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. You can also enable MAC filtering in the firewall to protect against unauthorized access through the wired network segment. Of course, it still won't protect you from the attention of the mafia or special services, but it will be several orders of magnitude more reliable than the lock on your front door.

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The delights of high speeds
Appetite, as they say, comes with eating. So it is in the business of building a network: having collected and tested "at least some kind of grid", you immediately want "the same, but faster." The wide distribution of high-quality films of 30-40 GB each and other entertainment content requires impressive resources not only for storing it, but also for transmission. Therefore, if finances and the availability of affordable equipment allow, it makes sense to build a network immediately with a reserve for the future, that is, based on 802.11n.

However, it would be too optimistic to expect from this standard a threefold increase in speed compared to Fast Ethernet. As tests show (see the article “In the city“ n ”in this issue of the magazine), the maximum that can be expected is to get very close to 100 MB / s. Well, a fourfold increase in speed (over g) is also not bad. This will allow, for example, transferring a gigabyte file in a couple of minutes or directly watching a Full HD movie from a network drive.

However, if you are going to just open a movie file with a player program, smooth playback will be possible only if its size does not exceed one DVD. Due to possible drops in speed, which is almost inevitable in radio communications, "gags" can occur on larger files. If you want to watch movies in this way, you will have to install a streaming video broadcasting server, but this is a topic for a separate article.

To achieve even such relatively modest results in speed, you need to spend a certain amount of time. First - on the selection of equipment. Since we nevertheless chose a router as the main element of the network (we will immediately discard the budget option - using a computer with a Wi-Fi card instead, since we decided to walk like that), a lot depends on it.

The best choice would be to use a dual-band (2.4 / 5 GHz) device, since the 5-GHz band, due to its unoccupation, provides noticeably better communication stability (even if the average speed does not differ much from 2.4 GHz). This will allow "hanging" applications critical to the quality of communication (such as video players) on the 5-GHz channel, and use 2.4 GHz to work with devices that are incompatible with a higher-frequency channel.

In the absence of strict requirements for the stability of communication, you can limit yourself to a single-band 2.4-GHz device (you should not buy a single-band 5 GHz router - it is incompatible with most client adapters. However, I have never seen such devices). But it is worth paying attention to the firm and the model, otherwise there is a risk of getting disappointed. If you have a fast Internet channel connected via VPN or PPPoE, do not choose a model with a weak processor, as it may not keep up with the channel speed.

For laptops, it is preferable to use the built-in card. Of course, a USB adapter is convenient and versatile, but due to the limited size, most "dongles" have an ineffective antenna, which has a detrimental effect on the quality of communication. The antenna built into the laptop lid is beyond competition here. Unfortunately, due to problems with certification in Russia, it can be difficult to purchase an embedded card, but it can be done without any problems abroad - through online stores. A wide variety of such cards allows you to choose the option that is suitable for the price and characteristics for almost any laptop, and sometimes even with free shipping.

As for 802.11g devices, they, of course, will work in the n network in compatibility mode, but if this is not necessary, it is better to disable this mode. Now let's take a closer look at how to tune 802.11n for maximum performance.

802.11n - squeezing out the last
How to ensure stable network operation at high speed? To better understand all the details of the settings, let's talk a little about the reserves due to which we managed to raise the speed in 802.11n.

First, the modulation type was changed from Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which increased the speed from 54 to 65 Mb / s. The "green field" mode allowed to reduce the size of the introductory package and thereby reduce overhead costs for service information. Finally, Frame Bursting has helped reduce the amount of packets needed. Thus, the speed has grown a little more to 72.2 Mb / s. "And where is the promised 300 Mb / s?" - you ask, and I will answer that the laws of physics are unshakable, and 72 Mb / s is all that can be obtained in one standard communication channel.

A further increase in speed was achieved only by the "brute force method" - the number of possible channels was increased to four (the so-called MIMO mode, or multipath transceiver), and the frequency band in each channel was doubled. All this added up to a maximum speed of almost 600 Mb / s. However, there are no devices with such a bandwidth on the market yet, since the number of channels in real devices is limited to two. But this leaves the opportunity to release them without any problems in the near future.

Now how to use this splendor. Often there are very few settings in the driver - only the channel number and frequency bandwidth. And just the second parameter by default is not configured in the best way: it is set to 20 MHz instead of 40, which gives only half the speed! Of course, this needs to be corrected. It is advisable to choose the channel number experimentally - for the best communication quality and the absence of interference with other devices. You can use "Auto" - the router will try to select the least loaded channel, and all adapters will adapt to it.

All other parameters listed earlier must be enabled, otherwise the speed will drop. Unfortunately, the use of the green field and Frame Bursting leads to packet collisions if there are devices on the network that do not support them (and these are all 802.11g devices). It is also advisable to activate WMM (Wi-Fi multimedia) mode - this will ensure more stable operation of streaming applications such as VoIP through the use of the QoS (Quality of Service) service. Enabling WMM mode in your router may be required for some adapters to work, which would otherwise refuse to work at high speed. The WMM No-Acknowledgment checkbox in the settings can add a bit more speed, but cause an increase in the number of errors in conditions of strong interference.

For all the features of the 802.11n network to function, clients exchange information with each other about what each of them can do. The 802.11d protocol is responsible for this. In its absence, the maximum speed will not be reached, so it must be turned on. But it is better not to use non-standard "enhancers" like Afterburner: not only will they work only on those devices where they are supported (and there are very few of them), but also only in 802.11g mode, plus they impose a lot of other restrictions.

And finally, about the physical configuration of the network. “What configuration can there be? - you say. - Arranged the pieces of iron - and go! " But just this moment can significantly affect the quality of radio reception, and therefore, the speed and stability of the channel. If, in the case of a single antenna, radio waves propagate from it evenly in different directions, then in the case of two antennas (namely, two channels are involved in modern routers of the n standard) due to interference, the signal level can vary greatly. Try tilting or rotating one of them and see the results.

Setting the transmitter power to maximum (where it is possible to adjust it) is not the best solution. Of course, a more powerful signal is guaranteed to "finish off" the farthest corners of your apartment, but it can drown out the response of the receiving device, and as a result, communication will be ineffective (the so-called near-field effect).

Attention should also be paid to the location of the devices. It is advisable to install the router higher, if possible, at an equal distance from all receiving points. This is especially critical in houses with reinforced concrete walls, since the internal reinforcement of such walls significantly weakens the radio signal. In general, experiment and your efforts will be rewarded. At the planning stage, try borrowing equipment from friends for a while to figure out what and how. It is possible that you will need to revise the rest of the devices in your apartment: for example, a wireless mouse operating at a frequency of 47 MHz has a noticeably less effect on the operation of a Wi-Fi network than its sister based on Bluetooth technology.

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Finally, we would like to thank the readers for the patience they needed to finish reading the article to the end. As it is easy to see, it contains the very minimum of recommendations, and we tried to avoid specific examples. This was done deliberately, since the specific implementations of certain parameters from different manufacturers may differ, but, having grasped the essence, it will not be difficult for you to determine which flag is responsible for the desired parameter. The most important thought that I would like to convey to the reader: there is nothing difficult in creating wireless networks. Just do it and you will succeed!

Wireless internet is becoming more and more popular. Looking into any restaurant, park, airport, beauty salon, shopping center, store, many of you instinctively connect to free wi-fi via your phone or tablet.

Therefore, the question arises, in order to be able to be on the Internet at home, without connecting to annoying wires.

Why install wi-fi in an apartment?

Installationwi- fi at home will give you the opportunity to:

connect to the Internet from different devices (laptops, mobile phones, tablets) at the same time;
have access to the World Wide Web from any corner of the apartment;
do any business (washing dishes, lying on the couch, cooking dinner, cleaning) and at the same time enjoy movies online;
read books or watch TV programs from any gadget while lying in bed;
remove wires around the house that all family members cling to, and which pets like to gnaw;
be online around the clock in social networks and in work applications;
take sweets from neighbors who ask for access to connect to your Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi is a modern technology that has ceased to be a rarity. It significantly expands the possibilities of using the Internet connection, makes you mobile, not chained to a wired access point. It's really handy!

Which wireless technology to choose

To installation of the Internet in the apartment really benefited, you need to decide which type of wireless network is suitable for your case.

There are three of them:

Bluetooth technology. Allows one device to share traffic with another device if they are at a distance of a couple of meters. This is convenient if the transmitter is constantly close to the receiver.
Large-scale mobile networks (WiMAX or 3G). They work on the basis of mobile communication towers and stations installed throughout the city. Can be used via modem, tablet or mobile phone. At the same time, the speed of the Internet connection is not very good, and depends on the location of the distance from the tower.
Wi-fi access via a local network. This is not an independent technology, but only a way of distributing input channels between various devices from an existing local network. That is, a local Internet is provided to the building (apartment, house, office, store) and a wi-fi router is installed, which allows many devices to use one connection.

If you want to know how much does it cost to install wi-fi in an apartment, you need to contact your local internet provider.

Some companies provide their regular users with free routers for temporary or permanent use.

Wi-fi speed and range

At first, the speed of wi-fi connections left much to be desired. At the beginning of the last decade, with the development of mobile gadgets, the communication standards that determine the speed have improved significantly.

The first wi-fi routers of the 802.11 standard did not become widespread, since the speed did not exceed 1 megabit per second. When connecting multiple devices, the Internet generally "freezes". Later, Intel included the 802.11b standard in the content of its platform, which increased the speed to 11 megabits. Oddly enough, it will continue to be used everywhere in our time.

The next speed step was overcome by the 802.11a standard, which differs from the previous one only in the range of applicable frequencies. But the speed is already 54 megabits. And, of course, modern high-speed networks of the 802.11n standard provide users with a speed of 150-300 Mb / s, but not all communication companies can afford to use it.

Installation of a router, price which fluctuates depending on the power of the transmitter and the sensitivity of the antenna can be carried out both in office premises and in apartments.

More precisely, the quality of the equipment directly affects the range of the Wi-Fi and the connection speed. If you need to connect the Internet to a large house, you can use multiple access points. Such a network can be depleted among themselves using a wired or wireless method. For a small apartment, medium-power equipment is suitable, the range of which will spread over a radius of several meters.

Reliability and security of wi-fi routers

To enter a Wi-fi network, as a rule, you need a password. Naturally, if the user himself does not want to turn it off to provide free use to everyone around him. There are two types of routers:

closed, providing Internet access only to users who have registered the necessary settings on their device;
open, to which anyone can connect.

On the Internet, you can find many programs that promise to select a password for your neighbors' Wi-Fi. But modern technologies WPA and WPA2 provide security and block the activity of such spy services. Most routers support WPA / WPA2 combined security, which guarantees complete security from intruders.

At installing the Internet in the apartment, an individual and complex password is generated for the user, which he can change independently if desired.

Technological progress is growing daily. To keep up with competitors, manufacturers of technical equipment regularly release new models of wi-fi routers. They often enter the market raw, unable to provide reliable operation. You have to wait for months for updated firmware and endlessly call the wizards to set up the system.

How to choose a router for installing the Internet in an apartment

If you want to know how much does it cost to install wi-fi in an apartment in order for it to be of high quality and to perform its functions for a long time without failure, adhere to some recommendations:

The cost of installing wi-fi in an apartment

When connecting this technology, many are interested in the question of how much it costs to connect wai wai in an apartment. After all, some people want to get all the benefits of wireless Internet, but are not ready to shell out a large amount of money. In order to buy a quality router, you have to fork out. If we talk about the price range, it fluctuates around $ 30-250.

According to user reviews, ASUS RT-N16 is a pretty good device for home use, which costs about $ 80.

The choice depends on the manufacturer and service provider. Currently, routers Cisco, ZyXEL, ASUS, NETGEAR, TP-LINK, Linksys are popular. Overpaying more than $ 100 is also not recommended. Indeed, the load in an apartment is not the same as in a shopping center, restaurant or office. And the coverage area is not large.