What does domain mean in the Internet. Domain name. Earnings on buying and resale domain names

The domain is the hierarchical name of the site.

Domain can be compared with accommodation address. To understand where a person lives, you need to know the city, the street, house number and apartment. So with the site. To go, you need to know his address.

Domains were invented in order to give the face IP address of the site. After all, remember the addresses, the form 146.264.74.01 is simply impossible.

Consists of letters, numbers and hyphens. Its length can be from 2 to 63 characters.

Domain zones and their types

These are addresses included in a specific zone. Domain zones can be two types:
National zones determine the country. For example, Russia - .ru, Ukraine - .ua, Germany - .de, USA - .us, etc.
General use zones are intended for all. For example:

.com - for commercial projects;
.org - for non-commercial sites of various organizations;
.info - for all information projects;
.biz. - Only commercial organizations, .NET - for projects related to the Internet;
.edu - for educational institutions and projects, .name - for personal sites, etc.

Site domain name transformation

The IP address has a form 123.123.123.123. It is used to identify computers in the network, to address the data - to communicate computers with each other. Similarly, you save phone numbers, you can make a notebook or telephone directory for IP addresses. The role of the telephone directory on the Internet is performed - the domain name system. Without it, the functioning of the Internet would be impossible.

The DNS server is a program that transformation of a domain name in a digital IP address and vice versa. In memory of these servers, extensive tables are stored, in which each domain name is made in accordance with the IP address. In order to figure it out better, we give a visual example:

DNS provides information to computers how to find each other over the Internet. When you type the address in your browser, your provider checks it through the domain name server to know where to send your request: http://www.domain.ru ---\u003e Check in DNS ---\u003e DNS reports domain.ru \u003d 192.168.0.1 ---\u003e You get the contents of the site.

Suppose the client requested the address "www. Organization. city. country". The search for information on a domain name occurs as follows: the client asks its server. If one belongs to this zone, then it will answer, on which everything ends. Also he asks the root server. Another can not answer because it does not know; But knows what is responsible for the "Country" zone. The user of the Zone "Country" can also answer, but knows that you need to ask the Zone Server "City, Country". He, in turn, refers to the request to the user of the zone "Organization. city. Country ", which will report the desired information.

To understand the essence of DNS servers, it may be quite important and useful for administering its project and eliminate problems associated with DNS.

Domain levels

Domains are divided into names, and third level. At the same time, if you disassemble the composition, then reading goes to right, as in the picture:

The domain of the highest level is marked with a point. In generally accepted use, it is not displayed as part of the domain name.

First level domains

They are responsible for the territorial affiliation of the domain, the domain affiliation to a specific country, or the type of organization. Top-level domains are divided into several groups:

National top-level domains. On the territory of the Russian Federation to such names include domain zones: .ru, .su, .rf. The international top-level domains are such domain zones as: .com, .info,.. Bliz, .name ,.org.
New international top-level domains. These domain zones are thematically oriented towards various areas of life and business, hobbies and life, business and finance; Sports and entertainment, style and beauty, professional activities.

Second level domains

This is a unique site identifier. As an example of this level, the site going.ru can be brought. At the first level, the second level of the site address is recorded. It is the names of the second level are common to commercial use.

Third level domains

This such kind of domain is usually used to create mini sites or individual sections based on the main site, for example, forum. Such domains can be created unlimited quantity. As examples of third-level domains, there may be: Filanco.com.ua, DataHouse.com.Ru.

How to register domain

Select the domain zone and come up with a name.
Check if it is free of domain name in the selected zone.
If freely, you can go to the account registration procedure in the server, if not yet been registered, and filling out the owner's data. Prepare for what you need to enter passports. Specify the real data if you do not want to lose the domain later.
Turn on the balance and pay for registration.
Follow the service instructions until the domain name registration process is completed.

After registration, the domain will appear in the list on the control panel. The last step is to specify a list of DNS servers, after which the process begins. If you register a domain through the hosting provider, then registration will automatically. Check the mail - a letter confirmation may arrive at it. Check the domain owner data. They must coincide with yours.

The domain will not be registered if he:

Contains more than 63 characters;
The title contains obscene vocabulary;
Contains less than two characters, for example, A.ru;
Contains symbols other than Latin a ... z, numbers 0 ... 9, and hyphen - except for zones, where domain name registration is allowed in national encodings;
Contains double hyphen or hyphen at the beginning or end of the title.

Watch out for the balance and pay hosting on time.

The domain name is the equivalent of your actual address, your location. In fact, this is the address of your site, place its placement so that your users get there exactly where they want.

The domain name consists of two main elements. For example, a domain name Facebook.com. Consists of a site name (Facebook) and a domain name extension (.com). When a company or a separate person is paid by the domain, they can be set on which server a domain is sent.

Domains can also use forwarding, which, in fact, allows you to specify that if people visit your domain, they are automatically redirected to another. This may be useful for companies, and small sites or to redirect people to target pages on your main site. They can also help avoid confusion in various writing. For example, if you go to the site www.fb.com.then you will be redirected to the site www.facebook.com.

Different types of domains

Not all domain names have identical domain extensions. And, while domains .com. covered 46.5% of the total number of sites, a large number of free domains remains for such extensions as .org.and .net. In general, the most common types of domain names include:

TLD: top level domain (Top Level Domains)

The top level domain means exactly what can be understood from the name: the type of domain name, which is at the top level of the domain name system on the Internet. There are more than a thousand available TLD, but the most common are .com., .org., .net and .edu.

The official TLD list is supported by the Organization called Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) or the administration of the address space of the Internet and can be viewed. IANA notes that the TLD list also includes CCTLD and GTLDs, which we will talk about.

cCTLD: Top Level National Domains (Country Code Top Level Domains)

cCTLD use only two letters and are based on international codes of countries, such as .US. for U.S.A (United States.) or .jp. for Japan (Japan). They are often used by companies that create special sites for certain regions and can be a good way to signal users that they arrived at the right place.

gTLD: Top Level General Domains (Generic Top Level Domain)

gTLD is, in essence, TLD, which is not relying on the country code. Many gtlds are designed for a specific case of use, such as .edu.which is designed for training ( eDUcottage) establishments. At the same time, you do not need to meet any specific GTLD registration criteria, therefore.com is used not only for commercial purposes.

Other examples of GTLD include: .mil (Military - mil.itary) .gov. (Government - gOV.ernament) .org. (for non-commercial and other organizations) and .netwhich was originally designed for Internet service providers (ISP), but which is now used much wider.

Other types of domains

Although the aforementioned types of domains are the most common, there are other options that you can meet.

Second level domains

Probably you have already seen these domain names. We are talking about a domain that is directly under the domain name of the top level. We will not go into technical details, it is easier to show them on the examples, especially when it comes to codes of countries.

For example, British companies sometimes use .co.uk. Instead of.com, and this is an excellent example of a second level domain. Another second level domain - .gov.uk.which is often used by government agencies and .ac.uk.which is used by academic institutions and universities.

Subdomain (subdomain)

Subdomains are useful in that they do not require additional creation of a domain name for subsections to the already existing website. Instead, you can create a subdomain, which in essence indicates a specific directory on the server. It can be very useful for campaign sites and other types of web content that should be stored separately from the main site.

For example, Facebook uses developers.facebook.com. To provide specific information to site developers and applications that want to use the Facebook API. Another excellent example: support.google.com.

How to register a domain name

Various providers use different systems, therefore, although this answer implies a process that usually looks almost the same, it may differ slightly depending on the domain provider.

Usually first produced. Most domain name providers will allow you to enter the desired domain name and see if it is available. On the Hostinger website, we also offer many options for various potential domain names that may interest you when the domain has already been found that you directly searched.

From now on, only the formal part of the completion of the process remains - ordering and paying your new domain name. After registration, you will get access to the control panel with all the necessary control tools.

How to transfer a domain name

Domain names can also be transferred between recorders (this procedure is also called - transfer). Although there are several special conditions that must be performed:

There should be 60 or more days from the date of registration or last transfer.
Domain not Must be in the Statue of the Redemption (or redemption period) or Pending Delete (waiting for removal).
You must have the authorization code for your domain (also known as EPP code).
Domain ownership information must be valid, and privacy protection must be disabled.

Of course, it is not necessary to transfer your domain, but the meeting of all services in one place can significantly simplify the process of managing them.

On the website of the Hostinger provider, you can execute from any registrar. The process can take from 4 to 7 days before complete completion. However, our dedicated client success team is ready to help you at any step of this process!

Difference between domain name and hosting

Returning to the beginning of this article if the domain name is similar to your physical address, the web hosting is similar to the physical building and what is stored inside.

Domain names are used to create a convenient link to tie the fact that visitors fit into the address bar of their browser with the server that is used to host the website. Domain names are completely digital and stored in a centralized database.

Hosting is a little different, because for him you need a physical server that is somewhere in the world and is connected to the Internet. This is essentially like a hard disk of a computer that stores all files and databases of your site. It is called the server, because it literally "serves" (from the English Serves) Your site for your visitors.

When you enter the URL (for example, www.Syt.) To your browser, he sends a request to a specific server on which your site is located. The server then downloads the files and transmits them over the Internet to the device you use, and it loads the files and displays them.

So what is a domain name?

The domain name is, in essence, hosting, equivalent to the postal address. That's what you need to know:

The domain name is similar to the address for your site.
Domains consist of a site name (i.e. Hostinger) and the extension of the domain name (i.e..com).
Registration of all domain names is controlled by ICANN.
Domains work, redirecting visitors to the appropriate server.
Domains.com are the most popular, make up 46.5% of the domains on the Internet.
CCTLDs type domains use countries codes and denote geographic areas (that is ,.cn or.es).
GTLDS type domains are usually designed for specific uses (like that. Org for organizations).
Every domain name registrar has a little different from other registration process.
You can use search engines to search for available domain names.
Domains can be transferred from one provider to another.
Servers are special computers that store files of your site.
If you need help, our support service is always glad to help you.

From the author: Hello, dear reader. For the functioning of the modern web resource, there are quite a lot of things: database, engine, server, etc. But still be sure to be a domain. And what is the domain of the site? If you still do not fully understand, now I will become understandable.

The domain or the domain name is the one name for which it is available on the network .. vk.com is the domain of the most popular social. Networks in RuNet VKontakte.

And if you remember, earlier this social network was located at Vkontakte.ru. Why did the address change occurred? First, the network has long grown from rank only Russian, today there are many users from other countries. Secondly, in conversational speech they were all called social network. So that you do not think that I moved away from the topic, all this is directly related to the domains.

The name of the site plays a huge role in his perception by people. Many people even pay freelancers so that those invented a cool name for their project. Indeed, a good name already provides a certain success. This service is known as a nemine, I even met Freelance Exchange, which specialized only in providing such services.

What is the domain?

Perhaps the question is a little incorrect, but still. It consists of the name of the site and the domain zone itself. In our example, WebFormySelf is the name, A.Com - zone. There are really many such zones. Almost every country has its own. For example:

Javascript. Fast start

RU - Russia

UA - Ukraine

By - Belarus

KZ - Kazakhstan

Well, so on. In addition, there are those attached even to some particular city. By the way, they appeared quite recently. For example, you have an online store only for residents of Kiev. His network address may be: internet-magazin.kiev.ua

Well, this is just an example. Large cities today have already appeared such zones. For example, Moscow and St. Petersburg, but every year more and more similar zones appear.

By the way, the domain given above is the so-called third-level domain, and there is still the second and fourth. What is their difference? If you say simply, then how many words are divided by a point? Second level:

Third level:

Domen.Blogger.com.

The third-level domains can specify that the site is directed only to people from a certain country or city, or say that the site is on a free hosting. In this case, the domain is free. That is, the titles of the type:

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Explore the basics of JavaScript on a practical example of creating a web application

You do not need to pay, as they are created on site constructors. For the rest of the domains, in most cases you will need to pay 1 time per year. At the moment there are about 750 domain zones, but each year it becomes more, since the Internet continues to actively develop.

How much does registration cost?

To register the site name, firstly, it should not be busy. If you try to register something like sport.ru or internet.com, then nothing will succeed, because such domain names have long been busy.

Today, it is most likely to find a beautiful name consisting of 2-3 words. The value of the domain registration depends mainly from the site recorder, as well as in which zone domain is registered.

For example, in zone.com (international commercial) will be more expensive than in Zone.ru (Global Russian). Now, in connection with the advent of new domain zones, you have great chances to find beautiful names.

As you can see, I checked the address - automotive spare parts. Moskva and it is still free. In my opinion, this is the perfect site name for the online store of the respective parts in Moscow. And it is still not occupied as hundreds of other beautiful names. Run to register?)

As you can see, the cost of registration in new zones is a bit more expensive. The largest recorders in RuNet - 2domains and reg.ru.

What to do after buying?

After buying, you can and do nothing. Just wait for the moment when you have a site of the appropriate subject, to then add it to this domain. That is, you can fine reserve the name for yourself so that others do not take it.

In most cases, the domain is purchased immediately before the start of the Internet project. To associate a domain name with a hosting, on which the site files will be stored, during registration or later you will need to specify the DNS address of your hosting provider. If what, ask him.

After that, you will remain in the server control panel to create an appropriate domain. For him to create a folder in which you already need to place the files necessary for the site.

Can a second level domain be free?

In most cases, no. But not so long ago, new domain zones appeared for some countries and registration in these zones is free. For example, in the ML zone, which represents the state of Mali, as well as the zones of some other African countries. Some registrars can purchase such domain names for free.

Here we are with you and dealt with what the domain name of the site and what is needed for what it is necessary. Nothing difficult, as you can see, no. As a person should have some kind of name and the web resource, otherwise how to contact him?

How to choose a good name?

So that you do not seek on the network. Useful online services for selection names, I will share with you a reference. Copy it and insert it into the address bar of the browser http://www.mastername.ru/namegen/

There you will see an interesting service from one registrar. Here you can enter 2-3 words and the service will automatically show you all possible combinations, and what is even more convenient, it will immediately show what is busy, and what free. In general, I myself never picked up a domain name with it, but I really liked the idea myself.

On this I say goodbye. I hope you got enough knowledge to get in the near future to get beautiful domains and use them in your online business.

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Explore the basics of JavaScript on a practical example of creating a web application

Create a website for the first time or just start mastering internet marketing? The advice given in this article will help to avoid common mistakes. You will also learn about the principles according to which the domain is worth choosing for the site.

What is a domain name?

The domain name is the site address on the Internet. It is unique. It can be compared with the physical address in the real world.

If the site is well known, many will refer to it, mention only the first part of his name: Amazon, Google, Facebook.

The domain name is a structured tag, which contains the name of the domain and its expansion ( domain first level, eng. TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN, TLD). This label is associated with a specific IP address of the server on which the site is located. So when you dial in the browser address bar " youdomain.com."He must find the corresponding IP address.

For example, to go to the Google site, you can enter an IP address 216.58.216.164. This address will lead us to Google Search page. But what is easier to remember: 6 letters or 11 digits with points?

Since moving on the Internet is performed by IP, any address you enter in the browser is connected to domain name servers ( DNS.). These servers control the extensive database, which binds domain names with IP addresses.

Which domain is better to choose?

Let's talk in more detail about why it is important to approach the choice of a domain name seriously.

This is the first thing to see site visitors.
A domain name that is easy to remember, increases trust in your business.
It is unique - there can be no identical domain names.
Affects search optimization - the keyword in the domain name can benefit.

Make it brand

Choose a short, unique name that is easy to remember that it stand out against the background of others. If the domain name is easy to remember, it will find it faster and recommend others.

To choose a good domain name for the site or online store Among the available options, you need a creative approach. You can use the brand name, you do not add keywords or description to it.

Not bad if the name of the domain will be a word or a few words related to your products or field of activity. If the domain name does not specify an exact description of your site, it will provide greater flexibility in the further development of the brand.

The most famous brand name is Google.

Imagine if a detailed description was chosen instead for a domain. Now they would be known as thebestSearchengine.com ( from English bestchezapoiskomashashin.com.) or TopSearchResults.com ( topviews.com.). Then the domain name would be limited only by the results of the search, and other domain names would have to look for other business areas.

Another good example is Apple. The name does not give the slightest idea of \u200b\u200bwhat this company does. They began with computers, switched to mobile phones, clothing items and who knows what they will do in the future. And everything is concluded in one domain name!

Alternatively, you can choose the universal domain name or that contains keywords. But do not insert all keywords into it. This name will not give any advantages in the eyes of search engines and will look unnatural.

The shorter, the better

A short name is easier to write, say, remember, and it will not be reduced, mentioning on social networks.

The domain name can be up to 63 characters. But practice shows that it is better if it contains less than 15 characters.

Easily written and pronounced

It should be such that the user can easily write it and prevent errors. Better, if it is a domain name to have only one possible writing. In this case, the user will be easier to find your site.

No need to use a domain name in which spelling errors will be deliberately added. Spelling for someone is a significant problem, and errors in the word can be confused even more.

Must be unique

Do not copy other bloggers or use the name of someone's brand. You do not want to change the domain name as a result of a trial about the violation of copyright!

Therefore, do not include in the name of the domain name of brands and even words similar to the names of famous brands ( facebook Helper, Buildapple App, PrintWithHP).

Without hyphens and numbers

The domain name must consist of one word or several words without drops and numbers. The hyphen can be forgotten to specify in the address bar, and then the user will fall into someone else's website. As for the numbers, it is sometimes difficult to understand how they need to write: in words or numbers. So use only letters!

What domain name choose - .ru or.com?

Now there are many different extensions ( TLD.) Available to use in the domain name. How to choose a domain zone?

Here are just a few examples:

country code: .us, .uk, .ca, .za, .ru or.rf;
top Level Domain: .academy, .bbiz, .co, .name, .property, .shop, .travel ...;
geographical: .barcelone, .london, .paris, .boston, .vegas, .Sydney ...;

If your business serves only local residents, you can use a geographic domain. But the site with a domain name agreatplumber.boston. (experiencentehnik.Bostony) It looks strange. It is better agreatplumberboston.com. (annountehnikhnikBoston.com.).

If your business is focused on an international audience, you may have a desire to try one of the new extensions. But many years we gained in the .com. Therefore, the first thing to try to come up with a name with the extension .com. If a domain name with such an extension is not available, then use .NET or .OrG.

Do not use double letters

You should not use multiple repetition of letters in the names. It increases the likelihood of typos and loss of visitors. When writing such names like poollab.com or Wordpressseo.com it is easy to allow an error.

Using keywords

Better when the domain name is the keyword for which users, as well as search engines can determine what your site is about. Use a combination of key and other words to get a spectacular name.

Think to perspective

The domain name can be registered at least 1 year and a maximum of 10 years. What a registration period to choose depends on many factors.

If you are a novice blogger, there is no need to register a domain for 10 years. First you need to make sure that the blog will be successful. Therefore, at first, select the 1-year period of domain registration.
If you buy a site for a specific event, the domain need you for a limited time.
Much decides budget. If you are seriously going to promote the site, register a domain a few years ahead, as you can get a good discount.

Do not limit the site

Do not bind the name of the domain to any topic. Over time, you will most likely want to expand in various directions.

For example, there is a site about garden tools. His domain name handmowerParadise.com. (darychnoykoshokos.com.). But when you start writing about other tools in the blog, you can not be easy to attract readers to a new topic.

Make sure the domain will be available on social networks.

Website transfer to a new domain may be a rather complicated process, and if you don't do it correctly, traffic will lose and will fall in search engines. Wherever to spend a little more time to choose a good domain name, applying the above tips.

Something else

Protect your brand

It is not difficult to steal the business at all, and even worse that a competitor can spoil your reputation by using a domain name similar to yours.

Domain registration and hosting are cheap. This allows anyone who wants to run the site using the variations of your domain name or brand. If the domain is free, there are no checks on ownership or belonging to the brand.

To avoid this, many with the domain .com buy other popular extensions, especially .NET and .org. Some go even further and buy options with very similar writing, for example lawcounsel.com and lawcouncil.com. These additional domains are then redirected to the main domain b.

Others also buy negative options for their domain name, such as lawcousnelsucks.com or Lawcounselscam.com.

Automatic extension of domain name registration

If you forget to extend the domain registration, it will again become affordable to purchase. That this does not happen, it is desirable to use the automatic extension of services provided by domain recorders.

Take care of privacy

The privacy of the domain, also known as WHOIS Guard, hides your personal data: name, address, telephone, email ... If you do not activate the privacy option, then after buying a domain, your personal information will become accessible to each visitor.

Having protection and sufficient privacy level, you:

Avoid unwanted mailing to email or mobile phone.
Hide personal data from people who can create problems you.

Minuses :

Cost. Prices depend on registrars
If the domain name was previously registered without privacy, then personal information may continue to be publicly available.
Visitors and customers may not trust if they see that you hide your personal data.

Take care of receiving SSL certificate

The SSL certificate provides the most secure data transfer method. If you create a new site, it is worth getting it. After that, the browser in the address bar will display HTTPS and a green lock, indicating the safety of the site. The presence of an SSL certificate has a positive effect on the rating.

A beginner creator of the site, among the first, the question arises about what a domain is why it is needed, where to take it and how to choose. It is present on an absolutely any resource, it is only worth raising the eyes to the address bar of the browser. The domain name is the name of the site.

Why is it needed?

As a rule, any site is on servers of various hosting companies. These servers, like any computer, have their own unique IP address, which consists of numbers in a certain sequence. To search for the site you need to know this combination of numbers.

The problem is that on one IP address (server) there may be a thousand sites, and it is very difficult to find. For convenient navigation in the global web and invented each resource to give a unique name. A unique domain name is assigned to any site. This significantly facilitates the search for the necessary resource.

Rules for creating a domain name

This is a combination of characters. There are certain rules for its creation:

The length should be from two to sixty three characters.
The domain name of the site may contain numbers from 0 to 9.
It may be a hyphen, but not at the beginning or end.
It should not contain spaces.

Any name consists of several parts that are separated by points. Each part is domains of different levels. As a rule, three levels of the domain are used for the site.

Domain levels

They are determined by how many words, separated by dots, contains a name. First you need to decide on the audience of the resource and on the basis of this choose the name.

For the first level, they can be divided into two types:

Domains that indicate a geographical position. They show which country belongs. For example, Domain.ru indicates that the site belongs to Russia, .ua - Ukraine ,.au - Australia, .cz - Czech Republic, and so on.
Defining type of activity. Domain.org says that the site is non-profit, .info - information ,.com - created for commerce.

It is worth noting that this classification is quite conditional, to register with anyone. For example, the site, ending with NAZ, may not have any attitude to the Czech Republic, and with the name.com you can not do commerce.

The second level domain is the unique name of the site. For example, site.ru belongs to the organization or by the way, since the names should not be repeated, when registering, checking the domain name in a certain zone is necessary.

The third level - determines the resource inside the second level domain. Basically are free, but are not very popular with professional webmasters.

What level to choose a domain

If the project is long-term and is designed to make a profit, it is worth choosing a second level domain. Yes, it is paid, but it costs not so much and relieves the flaws that the third domain has. Despite the fact that it is free, has a number of minuses:

The name is lengthened, therefore, it is more difficult to remember.
As a rule, it is tied to a certain hosting, when changing the latter will have to change the domain.
Since all services are free, you can't demand something from host owners. With the site can happen anything, and even some complaints will be present.

The third domain level can be chosen if the resource is created in order to try its strength and gain experience.

Also, when choosing it is worth considering what an audience is the site oriented. If on the Russian-language, then you should choose a domain zone.ru. For international or multilingual projects, the optimal option will be.com.

How to choose a name

The domain name is the site, so you should not approach the selection after the sleeves.

Firstly, the more concise name, the better. The name must be memorable and not too long. In the title, you can designate a type of activity, such as avto.com, and it will immediately be clear which information will find a user on the page. But ivan.ru does not greatly reveal the subject of the site, only if this is not a personal Ivan's blog. If this is an online store, the domain must contain its name. Well the name contains the keyword.

Secondly, the name in the domain is mainly written on Latin, so it is necessary to trace it to be displayed correctly and readable. You should not count that all users know English, so there may be problems with writing letters that are missing in a foreign alphabet (h, Yu, Yu, I).

Thirdly, before use in English, it is necessary to check the correctness of their writing.

Fourth, there will be no superfluous check of a domain name for that, there is no similar name in other zones. Nothing terrible, if any, but when this is a resource-competitor, the user can mistakenly go to someone else's page.

Registration of domain name

Register the domain only needs reliable partners. It should be carefully familiar with the documentation and the possibilities of the seller. No need to save, otherwise there may be trouble. Registration of a domain that costs 99 rubles, it looks very suspicious, and in the end, having bought it, you can find that, for example, there is no administration panel. Or for resale, you will need to provide a chance of documents and perform many actions. As a result, there will be many nerves and strength.