Concept of cloud technologies. Platform as a service. Overview of cloud storage

The definition of cloud computing at first glance is very confusing: this is a model for providing ubiquitous and convenient network access to a common pool of configurable computational resources (for example, servers, applications, networks, storage systems and services) that can be quickly provided and exempt with minimal efforts to manage and need to interact with the provider.

In order to better imagine what cloud computing is, you can bring a simple example: Previously, the user for access to email resorted to a specific software (messengers and programs) installed on his PC, now it just goes to the site of that company whose services email He likes, directly through the browser, without using intermediaries.

But this example is more suitable for private clouds. We are also interested in these technology in business. Modern implementation began since 2006. Then, Amazon introduced its web services infrastructure, not only providing hosting, but also providing the client remote computing power.

Three models of "clouds"

Recall that there are three model of cloud computing:

Software as a service (SaaS, Software AS A SERVISE). The consumer provides software - provider applications performed on cloud infrastructure.

Platform as a service (PAAS, Platform AS A SERVICE). The consumer provides means for deploying on the cloud infrastructure created by the consumer or purchased applications developed using the tools supported by the provider and programming languages.

Infrastructure as a service (IaAs, Infrastructure AS A SERVICE). The consumer provides data processing tools, storage, networks and other basic computing resources on which the consumer can deploy and perform arbitrary software, including oS and applications.

Advantages of cloud services

Last year, the cumulative volume of the global market in the field of cloud technologies amounted to about $ 40 billion. Some experts predict that by 2020 this figure will reach $ 240 billion. Russia on the implementation of Cloud Computing into business ranks 34th place with an indicator of $ 250 million.

Several advantages associated with the use of cloud technologies.

Availability. Access to information stored on the cloud can get anyone who has a computer, tablet, any mobile device connected to the Internet. This implies the following advantage.

Mobility. The user has no permanent attachment to one workplace. From anywhere in the world, managers can receive statements, and leaders are followed by production.

Efficiency. One of the important advantages is called reduced cost. The user does not need to buy expensive, large computers and software computers, as well as it is exempt from the need to hire a specialist for servicing local IT technologies.

Rennity. The user receives the necessary service package only at the moment when he needs him, and pays, actually, only for the number of acquired functions.

Flexibility. All necessary resources are provided by the provider automatically.

High manufacturability. Large computing power facilities that are available to the user who can be used to store, analyze and process data.

Reliability. Some experts argue that the reliability that modern cloud computing provides is much higher than the reliability of local resources, arguing that little enterprises can afford to acquire and maintain a full-fledged data center.

Google App.s for business highlights the same advantages, only adds that when using their cloud computing a company protects environmentBy explaining this by the fact that the APPS services operate on the basis of Google data centers, characterized by ultra-low power consumption, so carbon stability and energy consumption are significantly lower when using local servers.

How much does it all cost?

Google Apps for business, according to the company, $ 5 per user per month, with free space on a 5 GB cloud disk (if desired, you can buy from 20 GB to 16 TB at a price of $ 4 to $ 1430 per month, respectively).

Also, the user can purchase Google Apps with a safe for $ 10 per month, which includes a standard package of services plus archiving of important commercial data, data collection for judicial needs, searching and exporting any corporate data. The provision of domains is for a separate cost. It is worth noting that the user is considered one electronic box.

Microsoft also fights for its share in the cloud computing area. Their foundation is Office 365. It focuses on a comprehensive CRM solution, claiming that Microsoft Dinamics CRM includes marketing, sales management, customer service. That is, with this feature, it is possible to solve the spectrum of the relationship management tasks, starting with the attraction of customers and ending with cross-sales.

"Smart" analysis, role-playing interface and high mobility are also allocated.

In the acquisition of Office 365, several options are offered: Office Professional Plus 2010 tariff - 555 rubles. a month from the user. Subsequent tariffs - cost 250, 300, 525 and 750 rubles. per month for each user, respectively. By the way, Office 365 can be enabled for free.

Despite all the positive feedback, there is also a certain criticism addressed to cloud technologies.

The main criticism is that when using virtual software, information automatically falls into the hands of the developer of this software. So Richard Stallman says, the founder of the movement of free software.

The problem of data integration is allocated both with internal corporate and cloud services of other suppliers.

Experts point to the problem of uncontrollable data: the information left by the user will be kept for years without his knowledge or he will not be able to change some part of it. For example, on Google services, the user is not able to remove the services that have not used them and even individual data groups.

Despite this, the majority of experts adhere to the opinion that the advantages of this technology outweigh its disadvantages.

Students often ask questions: What is cloud computing? What is cloud services? What is a cloud site? What does cloud, cloud storage of files mean? How are cloud computing in education? SaaS service for B2C and B2B sales? SaaS ERP and SAAS CRM Systems and Solutions? What cloud computing models are used to develop web applications? Modern data centers based on cloud services: SaaS, Paas and Iaas are created?

First, consider what a "cloud" (CLOUD) and "cloud computing" (Сloud computing). The "cloud" is an innovative model (concept) of an IT infrastructure organization, which consists of distributed and shared configurable hardware and network resources, as well as software, deployed on remote (cloud), etc. Suppliers (providers) That is, the cloud is a new approach to the organization of IT infrastructure.

Cloud Computing is a model for providing remote access to shared computing resources that are physically distributed on many remote devices that form the so-called cloud (Cloud).

Cloud computing is a model providing a consumer scalable computing resources in the form of service via the Internet. Cloud technologies are an IT consumer presentation model as a service via the Internet.

We analyze the fundamental definition of cloud computing proposed by the National Institute of Science and Technologies of July 24, 2011.

Definition "Cloud Calculations"

Cloud Computing (Cloud Computing) - model of providing the possibility of ubiquitous and convenient network access on request for the punch of divisible configurable computing resources (for example, networks, servers, funds storage, applications and services), which can be promptly provided and exempted with minimal management effort or interaction with the provider (supplier). This cloud model is presented (described) five main characteristics, three service models and four deployment models.

The main characteristics of cloud computingwho distinguish them from other types of computing (Internet resources):

Self-service on demand. The consumer as necessary automatically, without interaction with each service provider, can independently determine and change computing power, such as server time, the amount of data warehouse.
Wide (universal) network access. Computational capabilities are available for long distances over the network through standard mechanisms, which contributes to the widespread use of heterogeneous (thin or thick or thick) client platforms (terminal devices).
Combining resources. The supplier's configurable computing resources are combined into a single pool to share allocated resources with a large number of consumers.
Instant elasticity of resources (instant scalability). Cloud services can quickly be provided, expand, shrink and exempted based on the needs of the consumer.
Measured service (Accounting for the service consumption and the possibility of payment for services that were actually used). Cloud systems automatically manage and optimize resource use due to measurements at a certain level of abstraction corresponding to the type of service.

If the model (concept) of the provision of distributed and shared configurable computing resources corresponds to the above characteristics, then this is cloud computing.

Service models of cloud computing or cloud computing:

Software AS A Service ( SaaS.) - Software as a service. In this model, the provision of cloud computing consumer uses the supplier applications running in the cloud infrastructure, which are available to the client via the interface (Web browser) or the program interface. Consumers cannot control and control the infrastructure underlying clouds, including a network, servers, operating systems, data warehouses, or even change the settings of a specific application.
Platform AS A Service ( PAAS.) - Platform as a service. The model for providing cloud computing in which the consumer accesss the use of the software platform: operating systems, DBMS, applied software, means of development and testing software. In fact, the consumer receives a computer platform with an operating system installed and specialized means for developing, placement and management of web applications. The consumer does not control the main cloud infrastructure, including the network, servers, operating systems or data warehouses, but controls the deployed applications and is possibly setting the environmental environment configuration settings.
Infrastructure AS a service ( Iaas.) - Infrastructure as a service. A model for providing cloud computing in which the consumer is able to manage processing and storage tools, as well as other fundamental computing resources (virtual servers and network infrastructure) on which it can independently install operating systems and applied programs under its own goals. In fact, the consumer rents abstract computing power (server time, disk space and network channel bandwidth) or uses IT infrastructure outsourcing services. The consumer does not manage the main infrastructure of the cloud, but manages operating systems, storage and deployed applications.

Cloud computing deployment models, i.e. Cloud Computing:

Private Cloud (private cloud) - infrastructure designed to use cloud computing on the scale of one organization.
Community Cloud (Cloud Community) is a cloud infrastructure that is intended for the exceptional use of cloud computing by a specific consumer community from organizations that solve common problems.
Public Cloud (Public Cloud) - Infrastructure designed to free use of cloud computing with a general public.
Hybrid Cloud (Hybrid Cloud) is a combination of various cloud infrastructures (private, public or communities) remaining unique objects, but related standardized or private technologies that provide the ability to exchange data and applications.

Fig. 1. Cloud Computing Deployment Models / Cloud Computing

Based on the above, cloud computing determination, cloud services can be represented as a multilayer model consisting of layers: IAAS, PAAS, SaaS. The basis or the foundation of cloud services is physical Infrastructure (physical infrastructure). Servers, storage, networks and system software Cloud Data Center (cloud data center) or network interconnected cloud data Centers (Fig. 2).

In cloud data centers or in data processing centers (CDM), physical equipment or hardware is placed (servers, data warehouses, jobs), system software (OS, virtualization and automation tools), tool and applied software, equipment management systems (Equipment Management Systems), Network Infrastructure (Network Infrastructure): routers and switches (routers and Switches) for connecting and combining physical equipment. In addition, the normal work of the date of the centers provide engineering support systems. (Systems of Engineering Support).

Fig. 2. Cloud Computing Architecture (cloud computing architecture)

The first layer of cloud services - IAAS (infrastructure)

IaAs is the provision of computer and network infrastructure (Servers, Storage, Networking) and their service as services in the form of virtualization, i.e. virtual infrastructure. In other words, on the basis of the physical infrastructure of data centers or data center, the provider (provider) creates a virtual infrastructure, which provides users as a service. Virtualization tools allow you to transform the physical infrastructure of Data Centers in virtual and thus create the first layer of cloud services - IaAs.

What is virtualization? Resource virtualization technology allows physical equipment (servers, data warehouses, data networks) to divide between users to several parts that are used to perform current tasks. For example, on one physical server, you can run hundreds of virtual servers, and the user to solve the tasks is to allocate access to them. Virtualization can be implemented both on the program level and on the hardware.

Thus, the user is provided with abstract elastic computing power, for example, non-server or servers, and server time to process its tasks. Not discs for storing data, but the required disk space, non-communication channels, and the network bandwidth required to solve the tasks.

In addition to virtualization to create IAAS, automation is used, which provides a dynamic distribution of resources without the participation of service provider staff, i.e. The system can automatically add or reduce the number of virtual servers, disk space for data storage, or change the network bandwidth of communication channels. Virtualization and automation ensure the efficiency of using computing resources and reduce the cost of renting cloud services IAAS.

As a rule, IAAS is leased (IAAS service is provided on outsourcing) to corporate users. That is, users receive integrated resources to create their own computing infrastructure. In this case, the user must install and configure OS and the necessary programs for performing production tasks or to develop applications.

The IAAS concept allows the user to buy only those computing power that is necessary for it to perform specific tasks. Part additional services IAAS can enter the connection of any user physical equipment to the cloud platform and its placement on the network of data centers.

Infrastructure as a service is a corporate level solution for enterprises of different scale. The infrastructure can be posted both in the center of data processing of the enterprise and in the external data center. IAAS services are designed to create and use protected private, public and hybrid cloud environments. Suppliers can ensure the construction of hybrid cloud configurations at which local networks are combined in the customer's office with cloud platform networks.

In addition, cloud hosting (Cloud Hosting) is used to IAAs-cloud computing. Cloud hosting is a hosting that can provide a dynamic distribution of resources, has the ability to automatically scale resources and has increased fault tolerance. Cloud hosting is an essential alternative to virtual hosting, hosting on a virtual dedicated VPS / VDS server and hosting on a physical selected server.

The CLOUD HOSTING provision provides site owners only the resources you need: Virtual servers, the number of RAM and the volume hard disk, as well as opportunities to manage hosting infrastructure (for example, the choice of operating system, the number of RAM, volume and type HDD, the number of cpu cores, clock frequency and access speeds). Payment for the rental of cloud hosting is made only on the fact of the already consumed resources: the number of processor time, the volume of disk space, the number of RAM consumed and the speed of accessing the site.

If necessary, the tenant (owner of the site) of the cloud hosting can change the hosting resources or configure it to automatically increase resources with the growth of the load, but it will always pay only already consumed resources. Cloud hosting has increased fault tolerance, as the site placed on it is at the same time on several virtual servers And the refusal of one of them will not affect the work of the site.

Currently, the hosters offer cloud hosting cloud hostesses with pre-installed CMS. Hosting providers for organizing such cloud hosting can, for example, deploy a Jelastic platform on its servers with pre-installed CMS. Jelastic supplies a platform-as-infrastructure in the form of a complete stack, which allows the deployment of cloud hosting on the physical infrastructure of the hosting provider.

The Jelastic platform functionality allows you to install CMS embedded in it with an optimized web environment, for example, Jelastic on InfoBox. Jelastic is a product that includes the PAAS functionality and an easily configurable IAAS infrastructure. Jelastic is a platform for running Java- and PHP applications and can be used not only by hosters for organizing cloud hosting, but also corporations to create a web application (private or hybrid clouds).

On cloud hosting, placed cloud sites - these are modern cloud applications. In cloud sites (cloud applications), the data is stored in the cloud database, server applications Sites are stored, and runs on cloud virtual servers, and the client part of the site is performed in the user's browser.

The cloud computing environment can be created based on cloud solutions Amazon EC2, IBM X86, Microsoft Azure, EMC, VMware, based on OpenStack Solutions, Rackspace based on OpenStack, etc., which allow you to convert the data processing center to a dynamic IT environment. In addition, cloud databases are used for cloud computing, i.e. Databases that run on cloud computing platforms. As cloud databases, both SQL-oriented models and NOSQL data models are used.

IAAS services are widely used in the United States. In Ukraine, De Novo began to provide a cloud infrastructure for corporate clients based on VMware, EMC, Microsoft Azure solutions, etc. On the basis of the largest Ukrainian will, the VoliaCloud cloud IT infrastructure from VMware (based on VMWare cloud solutions), which has more than 500 virtual data centers has been built.

Basic Iaas Solution / Vendor: Amazon Web Services / Amazon, IBM SmartCloud / IBM, Softlayer IAAS / IBM, Azure Virtual Machines / Microsoft, Google Compute Engine / Google, HP Cloud / HP, EMC / EMC Corporation, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Services / Oracle . It should be noted that IBM offers a reliable open IBM SmartCloud infrastructure based on self-service (SoftLayer) or fully managed IAAS (IBM SmartCloud Enterprise +).

Fig. 3. Basic Iaas Solution cloud computing

It should be noted that work is currently underway to create cloud reference networks of broadband mobile providers (mobile operators) as an IAAS service. Suite services include, for example, the cloud telecommunications platform from Huawei and the NSN Telco Cloud solution from Nokia Siemens Networks.

The FusionSphere Huawei platform provides virtualization of computing resources, storage resources, network resources and organizes a single pool of shared configurable computing resources with a single planning and management mechanism. Nokia Siemens Networks has implemented comprehensive testing of basic mobile services covering the voice of Voice on LTE (Volte) and other IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services based on Telco Cloud.

Second layer - PAAS (software platform)

The PAAS service provides a software platform and maintenance as a service as part:

OS - network operating system (UNIX systems, including Ubuntu Server, BSD / OS Family, Solaris / Sunos, etc. or Windows Server),
Database - Database Database Management System (MySQL, Microsoft SQL, SQL Database, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.),
MidDleWare - Middle Layer Software or Binding (Intermediate) Software, which is intended to ensure interaction between various applications, systems and components,
Software Development Tools and Testing - Tool software for developing web applications and their testing (software development environment: Software frameworks, libraries, etc. To create web applications in programming languages: Python, Java, PHP, Ruby, JS for Node.js, etc.),
App Server - Application Server for Development, Testing, Debugging and Working Web Applications.

So, PAAs offers developers to develop, testing, deploying and supporting various applications. In addition, the user is provided with administration and management tools. Basically, PAAS is used to develop and place Web applications (for example, related distributed applications - SaaS Mashup, cloud sites, etc.).

Basic PAAS Solution / Vendor:

Aws Elastic Beanstalk / Amazon (Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby and Apache Http Server, Apache Tomcat, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS),
IBM Bluemix / IBM (IBM Bluemix cloud platform offers a single solution environment and a wide range of languages \u200b\u200band frameworks for building applications, such as Liberty for Java ™, SDK for Node.js ™, Ruby On Rails, Ruby Sinatra),
Microsoft Asure / Microsoft (ASP.NET, Java, PHP, Python, Django, Node.js and Azure SQL Database),
Google App Engine / Google (Python, Java, PHP, Go and Our MySQL),
Salesforce1 Platform Cloud Application Development / Salesforce combines Force.com, Heroku and ExactTarget to one cloud service network and provides tools for developing various applications. For example, for development mobile applications Salesforce1 Mobile App / Salesforce or Cloud Databases for Database.com/Salesforce Application Developers, etc.
Heroku / Salesforce (Ruby, Java, Node.js, Scala, Clojure, Python and PHP and PostgreSQL),
Oracle Cloud Platform Services / Oracle (Oracle Database Cloud Service, Oracle Java Cloud Service, Oracle Database Backup Service),
OpenShift / Red Hat (Java, Java her, Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Node.js, and MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB),
Cloud Foundry / VMware (Java Spring, Ruby On Rails and Sinatra, Nodejs, .Net and MySQL Redis, MongoDB),

Fig. 4. Basic PAAS Solution cloud computing

In addition to the listed solutions of PAAS, web application developers use other known cloud platform solutions: DotCloud PAAS, SAP Hana Cloud Platform, Cloudbees Platform, Rackspace, etc.

Third Layer - SaaS (Cloudy Appendix)

According to the SAAS scheme, the following types of cloud applications are supplied and their maintenance: Business Apps, Office Web Apps, Management Apps, Communications, Security, etc. The largest SAAS spread received in the USA. The most popular cloud applications are: CRM (customer relationship management system), HRM (system for working with personnel, i.e. with frames), ERP (enterprise resource planning system, such as 1C), office applications, Communication Tools, etc. Salesforce.com is the world's largest CRM cloud applications in the world.

Under the means of communication implies an electronic correspondence (for example, Gmail), audio and video chat rooms (for example, Microsoft Lync Online), Cloud PBX or cloud PBX (for example, virtual PBX mango office), MDM cloud service (Mobile Device Management - Mobile Device Management ). MDM cloud service is designed to work with corporate systems with help mobile devices.

On various mobile devices that run under the MDM cloud system are installed, so-called agents. These applications provide centralized mobile device configuration and access to corporate network Enterprises in the form of cloud services SaaS. As a rule, cloud communications are integrated with other SAAS services, such as CRM + MDM, Office Web Apps + Lync Online, Google Docs + Gmail + Hangouts, etc.

The main consumers of SaaS are small and medium businesses. Most SaaS applications are designed to support the interaction between employees working together on the solutions of common tasks (Collaboration). The SAAA-application architecture in which the single instance of the application running on the server serves a variety of consumers is multi-charge (Multi-Tenant), i.e. Each consumer in the process of performing tasks is provided with a virtual application instance.

Basic Application Software:

Business Apps (CMR, FRM, IBM® B2B Cloud Services, Axway Cloud B2B, AMOCRM SaaS service for B2B, Google Apps for Business),
Business Intelligence (Powerbi as part of Office 365 / Microsoft, Oracle Business Intelligence Managed Cloud Service, Anaplan / Ade Professional Solutions, Brand Analytics),
Office Web Apps (Google Docs, Office Online / Microsoft Onedrive, Office Web Apps / Microsoft, Zoho Docs, IBM SmartCloud Docs, etc.),
Management Apps (ERP / rent 1C, HRM, SCM, MRP),
Communications (Gmail, Google Hangouts, Microsoft Lync Online, Cloud PBX or Cloud PBX, MDM),
Security (Panda Cloud Email Protection, Panda Cloud Internet Protection, McAfee SaaS Email Protection & Continuity, Comfortway Mobile Security, etc.), etc.
COLLABORATION AND MULTI-TENANT (Google Docs, Google Sites, Microsoft Office Online, Office 365, Office Web Apps).

Basic SaaS Salutions / Vendor: Salesforce1 Sales Cloud / Salesforce (CRM), Oracle Cloud Applications / Oracle (HR, CX, ERP, EMP, SCP, Business Intelligence), Google Apps / Google - Office Package Cloud Services (Google Docs, Google Drive., Google Sites, Communication: Hangouts, Gmail, Google Calendar, etc.), IBM SmartCloud Docs / IBM, Microsoft Dynamics CRM, Microsoft Onedrive (Office Online, File Storage), Office 365 / Microsoft (Office Web Apps, Lync Online, Exchange Online , SharePoint Online), Zoho Docs / Zoho (online office package), Zoho Reports / Zoho (Business Intelligence), Zoho CRM / ZOHO, Informatica Cloud MDM / Informatica, Maas360 / Fiberlink, Cloud PBX from Vonage Business Solutions, etc.

Fig. 5. Basic SaaS Solution cloud computing

There are many other SAAS cloud computing services, such as Cisco WebEx - Cloud Service for Web Conferences; CMS based on the SaaS model (for example, the SAAS-platform UMI.Cloud); E-COMMERCE B2B / B2C according to SaaS model; SAAS-solutions marketing; Dr.Web Antivirus service according to SaaS model; SugarCRM is a commercial CRM system with open source codes; BPMonline CRM with modeling and automation and automation of business processes, etc.

It should be noted that the concept of cloud computing (Cloud Computing) involves the provision of consumers of various additional types of frequency services: Storage-AS-A-service, Database-AS-A-service, Information-AS-A-service, Process-AS-A-service , Integration-AS-A-service, Testing-AS-A-service, etc. There are, for example, numerous cloud storage of STORAGE-AS-A-Service files: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Dropbox, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, etc.

How are cloud computing and technology are used in education? Google offers educational institutions Cloud applications Google Apps for Education for e-education. Microsoft provides users with educational institutions for cloud services Office 365 for Education (Windows Azure in Education). The introduction of cloud computing (Cloud Computing) in schools and universities will provide schoolchildren and students very comfortable training.

The prospects for the distribution of cloud computing, taking into account their current development, are set out in the analytical work "where" clouds "are followed on the Compress website.

In conclusion, it should once again note that all cloud computing service models must correspond to the basic characteristics of cloud computing set forth in the "The Nist Definition of Cloud Computing", which distinguish them from other types of Internet resources.

To make sure that Internet resources proposed to you relate to one of the cloud computing models, compare their characteristics with the basic characteristics of cloud computing proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (self-service at the request; a single pool for sharing resources; instant elasticity or scalability; Payment only for actually used services; Universal network access).

Lecture cloud technologies

Cloud technologies (computing) are technology distributed data processing in which computer resources And the power is provided to the user as an Internet service.

The main types of cloud technologies include:

" Infrastructureasservice" ("Infrastructure AS A Service" or "IaAs")

" Platformasservice" ("Platform AS A Service", " PAAS.")

"Software as a service" ("Software As A Service" or "SaaS").

Consider each of these technologies.

Infrastructure as a service (IaAs)

IAAS is the provision of computer infrastructure as services based on cloud computing concept.

IaAs consists of three main components:

Hardware (Servers, Storage Systems, Client Systems, Network Equipment)

Operating systems and system software (virtualization, automation means, basic resource management tools)

Binder software (for example, to control systems)

The IAAS is based on virtualization technology that allows the user to share it into parts that comply with the current needs of the business, thereby increasing the efficiency of using available computing capacities. The user (company or developer of the software) will be paid only to the server time really necessary for its operation, disk space, network bandwidth and other resources. In addition, IAAS provides the entire set of control functions in one integrated platform.

IAAS eliminates the enterprise from the need to support complex data centers infrastructures, client and network infrastructures, and also reduces the associated capital costs and current costs. In addition, it is possible to obtain additional savings in providing services within the framework of sharing infrastructure.

Platform as a service (PAAS)

PAAS is the provision of an integrated platform for developing, testing, deploying and supporting web applications as services.

To deploy web applications, the developer does not need to acquire equipment and software, there is no need to organize their support. Customer access can be organized on lease terms.

This approach has the following advantages:

scalability;

fault tolerance;

virtualization;

safety.

Scalability PAAS. It assumes the automatic allocation and release of the necessary resources depending on the number of users served by the application.

PAAS. As an integrated platform for developing, testing, deploying and supporting web applications, it will allow the entire list of operations to develop, test and unfolding web applications in one integrated environment, thereby eliminating the cost of supporting individual environments for individual stages.

The ability to create source code and provide it to shared inside the development team significantly improves application creation performance PAAS..

Software as a service (SAAS).

SaaS. - An application deployment model that implies the provision of an application to the end user as a requirement for requirements (on Demand). Access to such an application is carried out through the network, and most often through the Internet browser. In this case, the main advantage of the SAAS model for the client is the lack of costs associated with installing, updating and supporting the performance of equipment and software operating on it. Target audience - end consumers.

In the SaaS model:

the application is adapted for remote use;

several customers can enjoy one application;

payment for the service is charged either as a monthly subscription fee or based on the total volume of transactions;

support for the application enters the payment;

modernization of the application can be made by service personnel smoothly and transparent to customers.

From the point of view of software developers, the SaaS model will effectively deal with non-license-use software, due to the fact that the client cannot store, copy and install software.

In essence, SAAS software can be viewed as a more convenient and advantageous alternative to internal information systems.

The development of SAAS logic is the concept Waas. (Workplace. AS A Service - workplace as a service). That is, the client has at its disposal fully equipped with everything necessary for work on a virtual workplace.

Communication (VoIP)

Antispam and Antivirus.

Project management

Distance learning

Storage and Reservation of Data

All three types of cloud services are interconnected, and represent the nested structure.

In addition to the various ways of providing services, several options for deploying cloud systems are distinguished:

Private cloud (Private Cloud) - Used to provide services within one company, which is both a customer and service provider. This is an embodiment of the "cloud concept" when the company creates it for himself, within the framework of the organization. First of all implementation private Cloud. Removes one of the important issues, which certainly arises from customers when familiarizing with this concept - the question of protecting data from the point of view of information security. Since the "cloud" is limited by the framework of the company itself, this issue is solved by standard existing methods. For private Cloud. It is characterized by a decrease in the cost of equipment through the use of idle or inefficiently used resources. As well as a reduction in the cost of purchasing equipment by cutting logistics (do not think that which servers purchase, in which configurations, what productive power, how much space is redundant every time, etc.

In essence, the capacity increases in proportion to the growing load in general, not depending on each objective problem - and, so to speak, on average. And it becomes easier and planning, and buy and implement - launch new tasks in production.

Public cloud - Used by cloud providers to provide services to external customers.

Mixed (hybrid) cloud - Sharing two above models deploying

This section shows how to use cloud computing when learning programming basics. A detailed example of working with Web -Servis, which allows you to create and debug training programs in any programming language using the site cloud service http://ideone.com.

Modern programming practice suggests active use Specialized Integrated Development Tools (IDE - Integrated Development Environment). Their use is associated with the following two difficulties:

Setting I. installing IDE Requires high qualifications of the system administrator.
Modern IDE is quite demanding to the resources of the computing machine on which they are used.

Let us explain each item in detail. To ensure full-featured IDE, it is required to qualify the system administrator that installs, setting up and supporting the IDE is sufficiently high. This leads to the need to hire in educational institutions to the position of system administrator of highly qualified employees, wage which may be an essential article costs in the budget of the educational institution.

Moreover, the costs of the educational institution may increase due to the fact that modern IDEs require high-performance computing machines. For example, one of the most common IDE Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 requires a 1.6 GHz processor for normal operation, 1 GB of RAM (or 1.5 GB for a virtual machine), 10 GB of free disk space. For most of the tasks of educational institutions, computers are not required with such high performance, so their purchase may be unacceptable luxury.

Both of these problems makes it possible to solve the use of cloud technologies when learning programming. Currently, there are a large number of so-called online IDE, which do not require installation on the user's computer and which require to start only the availability of the Internet -Bauser. System requirements Browsers to the equipment of the computing machine are traditionally modest. For example, the popular Mozilla Firefox 17 web browser requires for installation of a processor from 1300 MHz, 512 MB of OGC and 200 MB of free disk space, which is significantly less than the first figures for IDE Microsoft Visual Studio 2012.

Consider below how can I use online IDE in educational institutions for training the basics of programming on the example http://ideone.com. This service allows you to create text texts in different programming languages \u200b\u200band run these programs by execution with the ability to analyze the results obtained. The main work elements IDEONE are shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1.

In field " BUT"You need to enter the text of the program, and in the field" IN"You need to choose the used programming language, then click the button " Send". It is indicated that IDEONE supports work with the following 55 popular programming languages: ADA, Assembler, AWK, Bash, BC, BRAINF ** K, C, C #, C ++, C ++ 0x, C99 Strict, CLIPS, Clojure, Cobol, COMMON Lisp (Clisp), D (DMD), Erlang, F #, Factor, Falcon, Forth, Fortran, Go, Groovy, Haskell, Icon, Intercal, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Nemerle, Nice, Nimrod, Node .js, Objective- C, Ocaml, Oz, Pari / GP, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Pike, Prolog, Python, R, Ruby, Scala, Scheme (Guile), Smalltalk, SQL, Tcl, Text, Unlambda, VB. Net, Whitespace. Obviously This list is enough when training the basics of programming practically in any educational institution of the world. Moreover, when using the Ideone.com service, the teacher has the ability to use several programming languages \u200b\u200bat once without the need to maintain a few IDE.

We will show on the example, how work can be organized in the group when learning the basics of programming. Figure 2.2 illustrates a way to launch a simple program in the C language. As you can see, in the text of the program used syntax highlightingsimilar to the one that users are used to using in ordinary offline ket. However, if desired, the backlight can be disabled using the control " BUT". Using the control" IN"You can specify a list of input data for the program, which allows you to implement a more complex logic of the program, which in the example given.

The control element is very important. FROM", Which allows you to personify work with the program. This feature is extremely valuable in the organization of the educational process. If the teacher will ask all students to register with the IDEONE (or use to enter their Facebook account), then there is an opportunity to make the process of working with the collective program, and the process of joint Working with the program will be held using modern technologies Web 2.0. We will tell you more about this using Fig. 2.3.

This control allows select from the list On the right side of the screen, one of the widgets of popular social networking sites.

Unfortunately, the online IDE IDEONE allows not all of the functions of traditional offline-IDE. For example, there is no ability to use the function of working with the network, access to files and some others. It is also impossible to run the program, lead time which will occupy more than 15 seconds or RAM needments will exceed 256 MB, or the program will exceed 64 KB. All these limitations are serious enough if you plan to use IDEONE to develop professional software. However, for educational purposes, these restrictions are more than acceptable. In addition, for more demanding teachers, there are paid and free services similar to IdeOne, which to a greater extent implement the functional of traditional offline- analysis of the results of execution in the console mode, compilation for different platforms and operating systems can be performed online. Ideally, the end of the programmer will download ready-made binary files with a working program. Such an approach allows you to save the offline disk space used, and also allows you to compile the project significantly more quickly than in the working place of the user, if this workplace is equipped with obsolete hardware. This is the result of this financial savings for an educational institution.

However, in addition to the economic effect, it is possible to obtain significant advantages in organizing the educational process. Students are able to jointly edit program projects while at home. This allows you to implement complex course projects and laboratory works With significant savings on the implementation of organizational measures by the teacher.