How to make a LED blink. Schemes of LED flashers. Ready flashing LEDs and schemes with their use

Starting the study of the fundamentals of electronics is recommended from the assembly of simple and visual schemes, so the flap of flashes in various versions and options, as it is impossible to suit beginner to the radio amples in their difficult way. In addition, these designs can be useful in everyday use. For example, in the role of festive light ornaments or as a degree of signaling.

Elementary flap of flasher on six LEDs, the feature of which is simplicity and lack of active control elements, such as transistors, thyristors or chips.

With the third flashing red LED, two conventional red LEDs 1 and 2. When flashing 3 flashes 3, together with it, 1 and 2. The opening diode shunets the green LEDs 4-6, which are fluttered. When the flashing goes out, along with it 1 and 2 LEDs, the group of green LEDs is lit. 4-6.

This control panel of the flashing LED allows you to create the effect of chaotic flashes. The principle of operation is based on avalanche transition test.

When the R1 is turned on through the resistance, the C1 container begins to charge and therefore voltage begins to grow on it. While the capacitor is charging, nothing does not change. As soon as the voltage reaches 12 volts, an avalante breakdown of the P-n transition of a semiconductor device will occur, the conductivity increases it and therefore, the LED begins to burn due to the energy of the dischargeable C1.

When the tension on the tank will decrease below 9 volts, the transistor is closed, and the whole process is repeated from the start. Other five scheme blocks work according to a similar principle.

Ratings of resistance and capacitors set the frequency of each individual generator. Resistance, in addition, protect transistors from failure during avalanche breakdown.

The easiest way to assemble a flashing design is to use the LM3909 specialized chip, which is easy enough to get.

It is enough to connect a frequency chain to connect to the microsubor, and, of course, to supply the LED itself. Here is a ready-made alarm imitation device in the car.

At the specified nominal, the frequency of flashing will be about 2.5 hertz

A distinctive feature of this design is the ability to adjust the frequency of blinking using trimming resistances R1 and R3.

Voltage can be served from any or from batteries, an area of \u200b\u200buse on the entire width of your imagination.

In this design, it is used as a generator and periodically opens and locks the field transistor. Well, the transistor includes chains of ordinary LEDs.

The first and second chains of the LEDs are interconnected in parallel and receive power through the resistance R4 and the field of field transistor.

The third and fourth chains are connected via the diode VD1. When the transistor is locked, the third and fourth chain are burning. If it is open, then shine, the first and second plot.

The flashing LED is connected via resistance R1, R2, R3. During its outbreak, the field transistor is opening. All parts, except for the battery, are installed on the printed circuit board.

Nice enough radio amateur structures It turns out if you use the usual. True, it should be remembered about their features of the work, namely, the fact that they are opened upon admission to the control electrode of a certain voltage level, and for their locking, it is necessary to reduce the anode current to the value less than the deduction current.

The design consists of a short pulse generator on field transistor VT1 and two cascades on thyristors. An EL1 incandescent lamp is connected to the anode chain of one of them.

At the initial moment of time after the power on, both thyristors are closed and the lamp does not shine. The generator creates short pulses with an interval depending on the R1C1 chain. The first impulse entering the control electrodes, opens them, lighting the lamp.

Through the lamp flows the current, the VS2 will remain open, and the VS1 will close, because its anode current set by resistance R2 is too small. Cap capacity begins to charge through R2 and by the time the second pulse is generated will be already charged. This pulse will postpirate VS1, and the C2 capacitor withdrawal is briefly connected to the VS2 cathode and closes it, the lamp will go out. As soon as C2 is discharged both thyristors will be locked. Another generator impetus will result in repetition of the process. Thus, the incandescent light flashes with a frequency, twice as smaller than the specified frequency of the generator.

The basis of the design is a simple multivibrator on two transistors. They can be almost any necessary conductivity.

Power supply from dimension through resistance, second wire - weight. LEDs secured in the panel from the speedometer and the tachometer.

This LED flasher by 12 volts allows you to create the effect of chaotic flashes of each of the 6 LEDs. The principle of operation is based on avalanche P-n transition test.

LED Flashing Description

We describe the work of the scheme on one block, the remaining five work according to a similar principle. When supplying supply voltage through the R1 resistor, the C1 capacitor begins to charge and therefore voltage begins to grow on it. While he is charging, nothing happens.

After the condenser's outputs will reach the voltage to 11 ... 12 volts, an avalanche transistor transition transition occurs, its conductivity increases and, as a result, the LED begins to glow due to the energy of the discharge capacitor C1.

When the voltage on the condenser falls below 9 ... 10 volts, the transistor transition closes, and the whole process is repeated from the very beginning. The remaining five blocks of the scheme work also approximately at the same frequency, but in fact the frequency is slightly different from each other due to the tolerances of the radio components.

In the design you can apply arbitrary radio components. It should be noted that with a voltage of the supply of less than 12 volts, the scheme will not work, because there will be no avalanche transistor breakdown and the generator will not work. A feature of this type of generator is its dependence on supply voltage. The higher the voltage, the higher the frequency of oscillations. The upper power supply is limited by the characteristics of capacitors and current-limiting resistors.

The values \u200b\u200bof the resistors and capacitors determine the frequency of each individual generator. Resistors protect transistors from destruction during avalanche breakdown. It should not be highly understood resistance to resistors, as this can lead to the failure of transistors. The same can occur if the capacitance capacity is too increased. In this case, you can advise consistently by the LED to connect additional resistance.

http://pandatron.cz/?520&dekorativni_blikatko.

Introducing 3 flashes and 2 color music schemes. The first is 2 LEDs, the rest for one.

Transistors CT209M PNP type. NPN can be used with a change in the polarity of the power, LEDs and capacitors.

On the Internet there are similar diagrams of a symmetric multivibrator where transistors are connected by emitters, and collectors at the top, for example, as in this scheme sound generator: Scheme collected on a plastic card.

Second scheme It consists of two PNP and NPN transistors, one resistor, capacitor and LED. It feeds on two AA batteries, like all the schemes of this review. Transistors: CT3107A and CT3102B (and maybe l (and) - the color is not unambiguous), also a dark green point for some reason on the round side of the transistor, and not on the flat, as indicated in all directories.

To view more, you need to click on the link called the video, or on the YouTube button during playback!

In the third scheme Added second resistor. Flashing parameters in all circuits can be adjusted by changing the capacitance capacitance and resistance of resistors.

To view more, you need to click on the link called the video, or on the YouTube button during playback!

LED flashes to music from computer or any other musical device. Connects to one of two audio channels. The scheme uses NPN transistor C9014, resistor 10 com powerful LED 3 W. Food from lithium battery 3.7 V. voltage

Instead of the battery, you can use 5 volts from the system power supply unit. Brightness varies with the selection of resistor resistance, supply voltage and volume on the computer.

To view more, you need to click on the link called the video, or on the YouTube button during playback!

The video uses a powerful LED with a permissible maximum current of 700 mA when the voltage drop is 4 V. Therefore, if you take the usual LED with a current of 20 mA, it is important to prevent strong exceeding this current value.

The second colorwoman scheme, in my opinion less successful, but maybe someone will come in handy. Publish photo, with signed parts of parts.The resistance of the resistor and the capacitance capacitor can be changed.

New articles are added to the second site, which you can go through the "Spectroscopy" button in the site menu!

Immediately, make a reservation, the idea is not mine, it was taken on the site chipdip.ru. This is a simple flasher on 6 LEDs, the feature of which is the complete absence of additional active control elements (transistors, chips).

The basis of the device is the flashing LED of the Red Hillium HL3 sequentially, with which two conventional red LEDs HL1 and HL2 are included. When the flashing HL3 LED flashes, the HL1 and HL2 LEDs and HL2 lights up.

At the same time, the VD1 diode opens, which shunt the HL4-HL6 green LEDs, which come out.

When the flashing LED HL3 goes out, the HL1 and HL2 LEDs come down with it, while the group of green LEDs HL4-HL6 lights up.

Then the whole cycle is repeated. You can look more detail about the flasher on this video:

Simple migal

The device is powered by the Croon type battery with a voltage of 9 V. Resistors of the MLT-0.125, R1 100 Ohm, R2 300 Ohm. In the original source used diode VD1 type KD522, it was replaced by D220. LEDs can be any 2.5-3 V voltage, and current 10-30 mA. Sincerely, Lekomtsev D. G.

It is devoid of opportunities to buy a ready flashing LED, where the necessary elements are embedded inside the flasks to implement the desired function (it remains to connect the battery) - try to assemble the author's scheme. It will take a little: calculate the resistor of the LED, which specifies with the capacitor period of oscillations in the chain, limit the current, select the type of key. For some reason, the country's economy works in the extractive industry, the electronics are buried deep into the ground. With an element base strained.

Principle of operation of the LED

Connecting the LED, learn the minimum of theory - the portal Your property is ready to help. P-N The transition due to the existence of the hole and electronic conductivity forms the zone of the most comprehensive thicker of the main crystal of energy levels. Recombining, charge carriers release energy if the magnitude is equal to the quantum of light, the spin of two materials begins to die. The shade is defined by some values, the ratio looks like this:

E \u003d H C / λ; H \u003d 6.6 x 10-34 is a strap constant, C \u003d 3 x 108 - the speed of light, the Greek letter of the lambda denotes the wavelength (M).

From the approval it follows: a diode may be created, where the difference in energy levels is present. So the LEDs are manufactured. Depending on the level difference, blue, red, green color. Rare LEDs possess the same efficiency. Lastly consider blue, which historically appeared last. The efficiency of LEDs is relatively small (for semiconductor technology), rarely reaches 45%. The specific transformation of electrical energy into the useful light is simply awesome. Each WT energy gives photons 6-7 times more than the heat spiral in equivalent consumption conditions. Explains why LEDs today occupy a solid position in the lighting technology.

Creating flashers based on semiconductor elements is incomparably easier. Enough comparatively small stresses, the scheme will start working. The rest is reduced to the correct selection of key and passive elements to create a saw-shaped or pulse voltage The desired configuration:

1. Amplitude.
2. Luxury.
3. Frequency of follow.

Obviously, the connection of the LED to the 230 volt network looks like a non-infant idea. There are similar schemes, but it is difficult to smell difficult, the element base is missing. LEDs work from much lower supply voltages. The most accessible are considered:

• Voltage +5 V is present in the charge devices of telephone batteries, iPad and other gadgets. True, the output current is small, and no need. In addition, +5 in it is easy to find on the tire of the power supply personal computer. With the limitation of the current problem, eliminate. Wire of red, land look on black.
• The voltage + 7 ... + 9 is found on hand-held radio stations, in use called radiation. Great many firms, each standards. Here are powerless to give specific recommendations. The walkie-talkies are more likely due to the useful features, extra charging device You can usually get relatively cheap.
• The LED connection scheme will work better from +12 volts. Standard voltage of microelectronics, we will meet in many places. Computer block Contains voltage -12 volts. Housing isolation Blue, the wire itself is left for compatibility with old drives. In our case, you may need, do not be at hand of the +12 volt element feed. Complementary transistors to find, incorporate instead of the initial difficult. The nominal passive elements remain. The LED turns on the back side.
• Nominal -3.3 Volt at first glance seems unclaimed. It is lucky enough to reach Aliexpress RGB LEDs SMD0603 4 rubles. But! The voltage drop in the forward direction does not exceed 3 volts (the opposite inclusion is not required, but in the case of incorrect polarity, the maximum voltage is 5).

The device of the LED is clear, the conditions of burning are known, proceed to the implementation of the idea. Let's make the element blink.

Testing flashing RGB LEDs

A computer power supply acts as an ideal version of the SMD0603 LED testing. You just need to put a resistive divider. According to the technical documentation scheme, evaluate p-N resistance Transitions in the forward direction, enlisted by the test of the tester. Direct measurement is impossible here. We collect the scheme shown below:

The +3.3 wire in the orange insulation computer power supply unit, take the circuit ground with black. Note: It is dangerous to turn on the module without load. Ideally connect a DVD-drive or other device. It is allowed when there is an appointment of appliances with appliances under the current to remove the side cover, remove the necessary contacts from there, do not remove the power supply. Connecting LED illustrates the scheme. Measured resistance on parallel connecting LEDs and stopped?

Explain: in the working state of the LEDs, you will need to turn on a few, we will do the same setting. The supply voltage on the microcircuit will be 2.5 volts. Pay attention to the LEDs flashing, inaccurate readings. Maximum no higher than 2.5 volts. The indication of the successful operation of the scheme is expressed by flashing LEDs. For part of the flicker, remove the power from unnecessary. It is allowed to assemble the debugging circuit with three variable resistors - one in the branch of each color.

Nominal need to take weighty, do not forget: significantly limit the current going through the LEDs. In fact, it will be necessary to think about the situation.

The usual LED flashes

Scheme of flashing LED

The diagram shown in the picture is used to work avalanche transistor breakdown. CT315B, used as a key, has the maximum reverse voltage between the collector and the 20 volt base. Dangerous in such an inclusion. The Modification of the CT315ZE parameter is 15 volts, much closer to the selected power supply voltage is +12 volts. Do not use the transistor.

Avalanne breakdown is abnormal p-N mode Transition. Due to the output of the reverse voltage between the collector and the base, the atoms of the charges of the charge carriers are ionized. A mass of free charged particles are formed, drought by a field. Eyewitnesses argue: for the breakdown of the transistor KT315, the reverse voltage is required, applied between the collector and the emitter, amplitude of 8-9 V.

A couple of words about the work of the scheme. At the initial moment of time, the capacitor begins to charge. Connected to +12 volts, the rest of the circuit is closed - closed transistor key. Gradually, the potential difference increases, reaches the tension of the avalanche transistor. The capacitor voltage drops sharply; two open P-n transitions are connected in parallel:

1. Transistor is in breakdown mode.
2. The LED is open due to direct inclusion.

In sum, the voltage will be about 1 volt, the capacitor begins to discharge through open P-N Transitions, only the voltage drops below 7-8 volts, the luck ends. The transistor key is closed, the process is repeated again. Scheme inherent hysteresis. The transistor opens with more high voltagerather closed. Due to inertia processes. We see how the LED works.

Ratings of the resistor, the container determines the period of oscillations. The capacitor can be taken significantly less by including between the transistor manifold and the LED is a small resistance. For example, 50 ohms. The constant discharge will increase dramatically, check the LED visually will be easier (the combustion time increases). It is clear, the current should not be too large, the maximum values \u200b\u200bare taken from reference books. It is not recommended to connect lED lamps Due to the low thermal stability of the system and the presence of an abnormal transistor mode. We hope the review turned out to be interesting, pictures with intelligence, explanations clear.