Radio-friendly structures do it yourself. Radio amateur schemes. After which it follows

Nowadays, there is a huge selection of radio electronics tools and appliances: soldering stations, stabilized laboratory power supplies, engraving sets (for drilling boards and processing structural materials), tool for stripping and processing wires and cables and so on. And all this equipment costs a lot of money. There is a reasonable question - can a beginner radio amateur to buy all this arsenal of equipment? The answer is obvious, especially for some people who are fond of electronics on the occasion (for a single manufacturer of some useful devices for household purposes), the purchase of such a number of tools is required. The way out of the created position is pretty simple - make the necessary tool with your own hands. These homemade will serve temporary (and for someone and constant) alternative to the factory equipment.
So, proceed. The basis of our device is a network reduction transformer from any radio-electronic device service (TV, tape recorder, stationary radio, etc.). The network cord, fuse block and power switch can also be useful.

Next, you need to provide our power supply unit with an adjustable voltage stabilizer. Since the design is designed to repeat beginner radio amateurs, the most rational, in my opinion, will be the use of an integral stabilizer on a LM317T type chip (K142EN12A). Based on this chip, we collect an adjustable voltage stabilizer from 1.2 to 30 volts with a complete load current up to 1.5 amps and protection against current overload and exceeding temperature. The schematic diagram of the stabilizer is represented in the figure.

You can collect a scheme of the stabilizer in a piece of non-ruffled glass-shake (or electrocarter) by mounting or on a dumping board - the scheme is so simple that it does not even require a circuit board.

At the output of the stabilizer, you can connect (in parallel with the outputs) of the voltmeter, to control and adjust the output voltage, and (sequentially with the plus output) of the milliammeter, to control the streamliness of the radio ammonion connected to the stabilizer.

Another necessary thing in the arsenal is a novice radio amateur thing - microelectrodrod. As you know, in the arsenal of any (beginner or magic experience) of the homemade serviceman exists "warehouse" from everybody or malfunctioning equipment. Well, if on such a "warehouse" there is a children's machine with an electric drive, micromotor from which will serve as an electric motor for our microdel. It is only necessary to measure the diameter of the engine shaft and in the nearest radio market to purchase a cartridge with a set of collet clamps (under the drill of different diameter) for this micromotor. The resulting microdel can be connected to our power supply. By regulating the voltage, you can adjust the number of drill revolutions.

The next needed thing is a low-voltage soldering iron with a galvanic interchange from the network (for soldering of field transistors and chips that are afraid of a static discharge). There are low-voltage soldering iron on sale at 6, 12, 24, 48 volts, and if the transformer, which we chose for our product from the old tube TV, can be considered that we are big lucky - we have a ready-made winding for the nutritional of low-voltage electrician (you should use The slot windings (6 volts) of the transformer for powering the soldering iron). The use of a transformer from a lamp TV gives another plus to our scheme - we can equip our device as a tool to stripping the ends of the wire.

The basis of this device is two contact pads, between which the nichrome wire is fixed and the button, with normally open contacts. Technical design of this device can be seen from the picture. It connects everything to the same transformer slotting. When you click on the button, the nichrome is heated (everything will probably remember what an exignment is) and burns the insulation of the wire in the right place.

The housing for this power supply can be found ready or collect yourself. If you make it from metal and provide ventilation holes only from below and on the sides, then you can position the racks for the soldering iron and the stripping tool. Switching the entire farm can be carried out by applying a batch switch, a system of togglers or connectors - there is no limits here for fancy.

However, this block can be upgraded under its needs - supplement, for example, a charger for batteries or electric spacing engraver, etc. This device served me for many years and is still served (the truth is now in the country) for the manufacture and inspection of various radio-electronic and electrical homemade. The author is an electroded.

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or made new with their own hands. For this house there is always something that can be removed to perform new features: old electronic watches, baby cars, which came out of use of a computer and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or removed. To work it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped Master Homemade Workshop

Power Supply

Homemade electronic devices need to be powered by different voltage. In particular, the solder requires an adjustable power supply. Such an opportunity can provide a LM-317 chip, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Scheme of adjustable power supply

Devices based on this scheme allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using an alternating resistor P1. The permissible current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the selection of the transformer.

The adjustment of the voltmeter is made by the P2 stroke resistor. To do this, set a current of 1 mA at the output voltage of the circuit 30 V.

The chip is allocated the greater the power, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heating for it, a radiator with a cooler is required.

The home-made board with the LM-317 microcircuit is placed in the housing - the computer power supply. A voltmeter and clips to output wires are installed on the front panel from the textolite.

Simple self-baffer

Prober for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a scheme of homemade, which allows you to check the electrical chains with resistance up to 10 kΩ and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

Two display chains are connected sequentially to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first consists of a resistor R1 and the HL1 LED, which glows when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is recharged.

Scheme and construction: a) Scheme of homemade, which allows you to check the electrical chains with resistance up to 10 kΩ and the presence of 6-15 V voltage; b) homemade design of the autobrobe

When the circuit is checked, the current flows from the battery over the chain HL2, R2. The HL2 LED is lit. Its brightness will be the greater the less chain resistance.

Like all the homemakes, a constructive probique can be performed in different ways, for example, put it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing at home the mains or household appliances. DIY can be more complex and have additional features.

Electrical devices for heat treatment of meat products without fuel use are manufactured for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. For the preparation of kebabs, with the help of electrosserts, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at Mangala.

In specialized stores, you can choose any devices, but much solves the price. If you have the skills of circulation with electricity, much cheaper will make the electroshalchair with their own hands.

Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated with a spiral with tungsten or nichrome thread. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Model devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewer with the product around. They are attached from above. It is advisable to make a skewer in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down in the cooking process.

View of the electrochloride vertical version

For high-quality cooking skewers with their own shed hands, it is necessary to have as closer to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not be roasted, and will be dried.

Pieces of the product, the size of no more than 40 mm, are planted on the semumbur, which is vertically placed around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the heating of the spiral.

The basis of the heater is the heat-resistant ceramic tube on which the spiral is wound. The attachment below is performed using a special cartridge.

In the round base, special cups for collecting fat and frame, employee for holding skewers vertically, are attached.

Cups are made of stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions that are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside, they are mounted devices for fastening skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be durable and at the same time it is easy to understand for cleaning. You can make a shared removable pallet for all skewers.

The submarine wire is selected under the heater power (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country should be a socket on 16 A.

Timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of the area from the tank at a certain time. They can be connected to valves with any bandwidth.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then old wall clocks come to the rescue, which are no longer applied at home. At the ends of the minute and clockwise, small magnets are mounted, and on the dial - 3 Herkeon.

Timer scheme for watering plants in which wall clocks are applied

As soon as the hour arrows comes to the number 7, and the minute - to 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the Germans SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the electroclap. After 2 hours, the arrows will go over to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the gerons SA1 and SA2 will be fed to closing the valve.

The diagram shows the "rain sensor", which in crude weather closes the VT1 transistor and the valve remains constantly in the closed state. It is also provided for manual control of the electroclap through the S1 and S2 buttons.

You can configure the clock at any time to turn on the valve.

Auto with control panel

Home-made models on radio control capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. For the assembly with their own hands you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a housing.

There is a large range on sale, but first of all you need to decide what machine it is better to do. The control panel can be wired or with radio control.

When choosing details should pay attention to their quality. On plastic should not be jar, enclosures and other mechanical defects. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should be easily rotated. The clutch with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.

The newcomer is better to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than in service. The case can be chosen any or made according to your sketch.

Motor, battery and a radar with an antenna are installed on the chassis of a mini-car. If a set with components is purchased, an assembly instruction is attached to it.

After installing parts, the operation of the motor is adjusted. The chassis case is installed after everything earns.

Assembly of mini-copies can be made of houses as follows:

• the car is going to carefully and joint efforts;
• material details of the model may differ from the original;
• small and minor details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a specific car brand. Much depends on the finance and availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home together with the child has a great educational value.

Work on the assembly of the car model is made according to plan. Some details need to be bought, but you can use old toys.

The motor must match the weight of the device. Fresh batteries or battery apply to power.

If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be the most varied. Assembly sequence:

• the first gathering frame;
• motor is attached and regulated;
• a power source is established;
• the antenna with the radio block is fixed;
• wheels are installed and adjustable.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many tricks of homemade are disclosed in this video.

Electronic homemakes allow you to make life comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find the use of old electrical appliances so that they do not dust in the storage room without a goal. Useful crafts with their own hands often turn out to be better products of factory production.

One of the common hobbies of lovers and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade for the house. Electronic homemakes do not require large material and financial costs and can be performed at home, since working with electronics are, for the most part, "clean". The exception is only the manufacture of various cabinet parts and other mechanical nodes.

Useful electronic homemakes can be used in all areas of life, ranging from the kitchen and ending with the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing electronic car electronic devices.

Homemade in the kitchen

Kitchen home models from the electronics area can be an addition to existing accessories and accessories. Most popular among residents of apartments are used industrial and homemade electrosals.

Another common example of kitchen homemade, made by your hands of a home electrician - timers and automation of lighting on working surfaces, electric gas burners.

Important! The change in the design of some household appliances, especially gas devices, may cause "misunderstanding and rejection" of controlling organizations. In addition, it requires great accuracy and care.

Electronics in car

Homemade devices for the car are most widespread among the owners of domestic transport brands, which differ in the minimum number of additional features. Such schemes are used by speech:

• Sound signaling devices and turn on hand brakes;
• Rechargeable battery and generator signaling device.

More experienced radio amateurs are engaged in equipping their car parking sensors, electronic windows drives, automatic lighting sensors for controlling the nearest headlights.

Homemade for beginners

Most beginner radio amateurs are manufactured by the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple workshops can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of use, but also as a reminder of technical "mature" from a novice radio amateur to a professional.

For considerable lovers, many manufacturers produce ready-made sets for the design, which contain a circuit board and a set of elements. Such kits allow you to work out such skills:

• Reading fundamental and installation schemes;
• Right soldering;
• Setting and adjustment using the finished method.

Among the sets are very common electronic hours of various versions and the degree of complexity.

As a field of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys, using schemes simpler or altered industrial structures under their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen on the examples of the manufacture of radio-electronic crafts from the details of the computing equipment that came into disrete.

Homemade workshop

To independently designing radio-electronic devices, some minimum of tools, fixtures and measuring instruments are needed:

• Soldering iron;
• Boxes;
• Tweezers;
• Screwdriver Set;
• Passatia;
• Multifunctional tester (autometer).

On a note. Planning electronics with your own hands, should not be taken immediately for the complex structures and acquire an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their way using the simplest soldering iron 220V 25-40W, and the most massive Soviet tester C-20 was used from measuring instruments in the home laboratory. In total, enough for classes with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

A beginner radio amateur does not make sense to buy an expensive soldering station if there is no necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of applying the station will not appear soon, but only after once a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that may be needed even a novice fan is an oscilloscope. For those who are already understandable in electronics, the oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measuring instruments.

As an autometer, you can successfully use inexpensive digital instruments of Chinese production. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, important, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

Speaking about the homemade workshop in Selfkin, it is impossible not to mention the materials used for soldering. It is solder and flux. The most common shift is the POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high reliability of soldering. Most soldiers used for soldering all kinds of devices is the analogues of the Alloy mentioned and can be replaced with success.

An ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after work, since it is chemically neutral with most operating conditions, and the thin film of rosin, formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol), shows quite good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, in no case cannot use active fluxes. This is especially true for soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions, such a flux affects thin copper printed conductions.

To inform highly oxidized conclusions, it is better to use an active soft-free flux of LTI-120, which does not require flushing.

It is very convenient to work using solder, which includes a flux. Solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside which is rosin.

For mounting the elements, bilateral foil fiberstolite bilateral fees are well suited, which are produced in a wide range.

Security measures

Electricity classes are associated with risk for health and even life, especially if electronics with their own hands is constructed with network nutrition. Homemade electrical devices should not use bipstranuous meals from the AC domestic network. In extreme cases, the setting of such devices should be made by connecting them to the network through a separation transformer with a transformation coefficient equal to one. The voltage at its output will correspond to the network, but at the same time reliable electroplating junction will be provided.

Electronic homemakers, today, are an affordable way to manufacture useful mechanisms capable of facilitating life and diversify leisure. Modern craftsmen are capable of collecting both simple toys and complex, multitasking mechanisms. About how easy and quickly make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic homemakers for home and car do it yourself - read below!

Simple electronics with your own hands: do spinner

Electrical engineering, today, is used everywhere to implement both practical and entertainment purposes. Some inventions (such as a smart home system) make a newcomer quite difficult. They require experience and in-depth knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and accessible to beginner radio amateurs. So, for example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners whose sales incredibly increased this year.

To collect the toy you will need to stock:

• Wooden billet size 9x4x1.2 cm;
• Bearing of 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with a rubber seal);
• Two RGB LEDs;
• Two batteries and CR2032 holders;
• Bolt from stainless steel 0.8x2 cm;
• Cap nuts M8.

After that, you can proceed to work. First of all, it will be necessary to find a design scheme on the Internet, and transfer it to the untreated bar - the workpiece. In order to properly outline the technological holes (there are three of them) it will take a ruler.

After that:

1. In the middle of the workpiece drill a pass-through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm under the bearing;
2. Drill on the sides of the billet two holes with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
3. Using the drill to do in the middle of two non-current two holes with a diameter of 6 mm for LEDs;
4. Treat the holes of the zenkovka;
5. Give the toy rounded shape using an electrolovka, a ribbon saw or a logging machine;
6. Sanding the workpiece with sandpaper, and cover it with varnish;
7. Soldering LEDs to batteries;
8. Check the LEDs and install them into the seating holes by fixing on super-glue;
9. Clear bearing, and process its insides WD 40;
10. Cut off the bolt cap, and fasten the axis in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
11. Install the bearing into the seating hole.

Spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults will be able to use such an electronic: the device, rotating, will help relax or distract.

Uncomplicated electronic homemade schemes: Making an electric lion

It is enough simple and quickly with your own hands you can make an electric-connector.

Such a call will last long and will delight the ear. After all, when you click, it will be able to create signals of various frequencies and tonality.

Thus, the electro-call can be one-photon and multi-torrent.

On the ability of a call to reproduce the sound in one or more tonalities will influence the presence in the multivibrator radioconstruction scheme with two bipolar transistors. Consider the details of the electronic call scheme with a complex sound signal.

Thus, the electronic homemade scheme will consist of such radio components:

• Lowering transformer series TA;
• Ring buttons;
• Five alloy silicon diodes;
• Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfrades
• Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfrades;
• Two stroke resistors with resistance in 470 kiloma;
• Two mlts of resistors with a resistance of 10 kiloma;
• Two mlts of resistors with resistance 33 kiloma;
• Resistor MLT on 1 kilome;
• Resistor mlt at 470 kiloma;
• Three silicon-plenary transistors type 630d
• Silicon-planar transistor type 630g.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will open the third transistor of type 630d, giving the current to the fourth transistor of type 630g. This will create a primary signal. When opening a second transistor of type 630d, the third and fourth transistors will turn, creating a signal of another tonality.

Homemade do it yourself for the car

Autoelectronics, for today, has a huge demand. At the same time, homemade automation, often, has simple schemes, easy execution and installation. What electrical sequels can be done on your own car?

So, with your own hands for the car you can do:

• Dynamic turn signals using Kit DIY constructor;
• Universal charger from old electronics;
• Air conditioning based on water pump;
• Withers with heating and much more.

The easiest way will be constructed backlight for safety belt locks. To do this, it will be necessary to dismantle, and disassemble the locks using a flat screwdriver. After that, with the help of a thermal stake in the locks, it is necessary to secure LEDs.

Each LED can be included through its current-limiting resistor: it will prolong the service life of the semiconductor light-emitting device.

After that, you should collect locks, and the wires that feed the LEDs, stretching under the seats to the ignition or the dimensions button through the cigarette lighter. At the request of the owner, the car lighting of the cabin can be supplemented with lamps that signal that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemakes: binary watch with their own hands

You can make funny binary watches for your own hands. To do this, you need Arduino Platform. Electroschemes on this platform are characterized by simplicity and convenience, used for the manufacture of most electronic homemakes.

In addition, you will need a binary watch:

• Real-time clock module on the DS1302 chip;
• Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
• Resistors with resistance of 10 ohms (20 pieces);
• Resistors with resistance in 10 kiloma (2 pieces);
• Two clock buttons;
• Case.

The case of the clock should consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, metal. It depends on what style will be your watch. Before making the case, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

At the same time, each LED must be connected through its current-limiting resistor.

After that, the conclusions from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to connect to the real-time clock module. After that, contacts from Arduino and the module must be carried out to the clock buttons to adjust the time through the resistors with a par value of 10 kilomes. They will serve as loads. Under the end, you should connect the power cable to the diagram.

Useful homemakes with their own hands: How household scales are made

Today, in almost every house there are outdoor or kitchen scales. In order to independently make this useful measuring instrument, it is necessary to deal with its device and the principle of work.

So, to the external components of the scales include:

• Web processor;
• Housing;
• Screen for readings;
• Platform;
• Legs.

The principle of operation of the scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge weight sensor inside the instrument. The strain gauge, in turn, affects the tesorressor, changing his resistance. The latter transmits a signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After that, the ADC translates the signal into digital and serves it on the microcontroller, which makes conclusions about the mass of the load on the platform, and displays the values \u200b\u200bto the screen.

When assembling the scheme, you must pay attention to the type of strain gauge sensor.

So, for the central location under the platform of outdoor, trade and technical scales, it is better to choose a single-point sensor. A block sensor is used to install on bending. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the strain gauge has a reliable connection to the ADC. Solution will solve the problem of connecting devices.

Radioshames do it yourself for home: Making an electronic lock

The electrician can serve to protect the house. So, today, the sites of self-delicacies offer simple radioshes of electronic locks for the front door. Open such a lock using the physical key will not work.

The simplest electrical system for the manufacture of the lock, usually, is based on the four-digit Johnson counter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The most simple - using the chip 4017. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when entering the correct code consisting of four digits, a logical unit is activated at the input of the chip, which opens the lock.

Consider the operation of the device more details:

• When you press the wrong keys, the diagram is restarted without the operation of the mechanism through the RESET entry.
• The correct signal, when you press the key, should enter the VT1 field transistor, which, after opening, supplies the output to the appropriate key;
• After the correct introduction of the correct code, from the output corresponding to the last right key, the signal is fed to the VT2 transistor connected to the relay;
• The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
• The relay opens the actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open up such a castle, you need to go through about ten thousand different codes. At the same time, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, the code 3355 will be impossible, all digital values \u200b\u200bmust be different.

Most of the electronic homemakes that are manufactured by modern masters are designed to perform the usual household tasks faster and high quality authentic devices. So, for example, it will significantly speed up the process of creating an electric stroke yarn. It is possible to quickly make electrical shields by putting an electric feed on an authentic device.

At the same time, the engine for the electrokeum must have a power of at least 15 watts.

As an engine, you can use the motor from the fan, the fan, the player. To activate the engine, use the pedal. You can change the motor movement by including a TP type toggle switch to connect a condenser and resistance to different windings.

Useful, easy to assemble and operation will be an electric wobble.

In order to implement such a mechanism, you will need to collect a standard block generator. At the same time, it will be necessary not to forget to isolate the fluff stick.

Where to find amateur diagrams and homemade

Modern radio amateur websites propose not only useful, but also unusual radios models. So, for example, on the brains website, you can find interesting radio-electronic schemes for the manufacture of reminders for the refrigerator, thermometers that change the color depending on the temperature, etc.

Interesting and helpful will be electrical things for life and crafts from girlfriend for fishing from the site "Visiting Samodelkin".

On how to design, debug and make electronic mechanisms at home, you can read in the book "Entertaining Radio Electronics". NEWs among radios models often posts the website of the Radio Worker's Workshop. Employed and useful technical materials contain new issues of the magazine "Radio Piters".

Homemade with your own hands at home (video)

Radiate mugs enjoy today, popular with both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radioches presented on various sites make it possible to collect almost any electrical appliances at home. The main thing is to find the necessary schemes, to clearly follow the instructions, and adhere to the safety technique when working with electricity. And you can collect everything you want!

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

The instrument scheme developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors in the collector circuits of the multivibrator, transistors are included opposite to the main conductivity.

Well, if there is an oscilloscope in your laboratory. Well, if it is not and buy it for one reason or another, it is not possible, do not be mistaken. In most cases, it can successfully be replaced by a logical probe that allows you to control the logical levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled chain and reflect the obtained information in the visual (light-color or digital) or sound (tonal signals of various frequencies ) Forms. When establishing and repairing structures on digital integrated circuits, it is not always necessary to know the characteristics of pulses or accurate values \u200b\u200bof voltage levels. Therefore, logical probes facilitate the process of establishing, even if there is an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of analyzing rates of impulses is presented. Some of them form a single impulse at the outlet, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the starting (input) pulse. These generators are used in a wide variety of purposes: simulating input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to feed to some device of a certain number of pulses with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate saw-shaped and rectangular pulses of various frequencies and amplitudes

Repair of various nodes and devices of low-frequency radio-electronic equipment and technology can be significantly simplified, if used as an assistant functional generator, which makes it possible to investigate the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transient processes and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the possibility of generating rectangular pulses Forms and simplification of the digital circuit setup process.

When adjusting digital devices, you must need another device - pulse generator. Industrial generator - the device is quite expensive and rarely on sale, but its analogue, even if not so accurate and stable, can be collected from affordable radio elements at home

However, the creation of a sound generator generator generating a sinusoidal signal, the case is not an easy and quite painstaking, especially in terms of establishing. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: amplifier and a frequency-dependent chain that determines the frequency of oscillations. It usually turns on between the output and the input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback (pos). In the case of the RF generator, everything is simple - enough amplifier on one transistor and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency. For the range of sound frequencies, the coil coil is difficult, and its goodness is low. Therefore, rc elements are used in the range of sound frequencies - resistors and capacitors. They are quite poorly filtered by the basic harmonic of oscillations, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, bounded by peaks. To eliminate distortions, amplitude stabilization chains that support the low level of the generated signal are used when the distortions are still invisible. It is the creation of a good stabilizing chain that is not distorting a sinusoidal signal, and causes basic difficulties.

Often, collected the design, the radio amateur sees that the device does not work. In person, after all, there are no sense organs that allow you to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Help it to make radio measuring instruments - the eyes and ears of the radio amateur.

Therefore, it is necessary for a means of testing and checking phones and loudspeakers, sound frequency amplifiers, various sound recording and sound-reproducing devices. Such a tool is the radio amateur radio models of sound frequency generators, or, simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all UHC cascades, find faults, determine the gain coefficient, remove the amplitude-frequency characteristics (ACH) and much of the other.

A simple radio amateled self-made prefix turning your multimeter into a universal device for checking stabilians and dysyters is considered. There are circuit board drawings