How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Konin (Polish Konin) is a city in Poland, part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It occupies an area of 82 km². Population 80,355 (as of 2005). The city is located on the Warta River. The motorway A-2 "East-West" passes through the city, connecting Warsaw with Poznan and being part of the international route Berlin - Moscow. From north to south, the city is also crossed by the road of national importance No. 25 (Bydgoszcz - Kalisz). The Berlin-Moscow railway passing through Konin, as well as the port on the Warta River, which connects the city to the Baltic coast through a network of lakes and canals, create additional opportunities for using alternative means of transport.
History of the city:
The fact that important trade routes have always passed through Konin is evidenced by the 12th century road pillar standing in the center of Old Konin. In those days, it determined half of the so-called amber route from Kalisz to Kruszwice. The most important settlement was the Old Town with a Roman Catholic parish church. Stare Miasto and laid the foundation for Konin in 1293.
During the Second World War, Konin ended up on the territory that became part of the Third Reich, within the borders of the so-called Land of Warta. After World War II, in the 1950s and 1960s, there was a boom in industry that changed the face of the former agricultural region. The urban planning concept adopted in the 50s led to the emergence of two separate parts of the city, separated by the Warta River. Konin still remains an important administrative center, since 1975 it has been the capital of the voivodship. Since January 1999, after the reform of local governments, the city, having lost the status of a voivodship center, becomes an urban center, as well as the capital of a zemstvo district. Thanks to this, Konin is the center of a dynamically developing political and economic life for the entire Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Economy:
At present, Konin is one of the leading centers in the province and the country for the energy industry, machine-building and agricultural industries, and the production of building materials. The intensive development of the city and the entrepreneurial spirit of its inhabitants have largely contributed to the emergence of new jobs. The private sector of small and medium enterprises is developing with great success in Konin. The most numerous industry in this sector is construction.
Cultural activities:
The most important cultural events of all-Polish and international significance take place in Konin - the International Children's Song and Dance Festival, the All-Polish Contemporary Dance Competition, the Retrospective of Polish Feature Films "Debuts", the All-Polish Amateur Film Competition, the All-Polish Classical Guitar Competition, the All-Polish Music School Piano Competition, the All-Polish Competition artistic reading, All-Polish poetry competition "Award of the roadside pillar". Konin is proud that it was here that the world-famous composer, Oscar winner Jan A.P. Kaczmarek was born and raised.
Ancient monuments:
From time immemorial, the visiting card of Konin is a road sign, a horse pillar, standing in the square at the church of St. Bartholomew. It is often erroneously called "mile", from a measure of length. It marks half of the amber route from Kruszwica to Kalisz. The pillar is shaped like a skittle, its height is 252 cm, it is made of sandstone.
City Hall. It is generally accepted that the first town hall building appeared shortly after the founding of the city in accordance with the Magdeburg Law, i.e. after 1293. In 1331 it was burnt down during the invasion of the crusaders, and later it was destroyed twice by the Swedes. The town hall was restored several times. It was between 1796 and 1803 that the present town hall was erected.
One of the oldest monuments of the city is the Church of St. Bartholomew, presumably built at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. This building is a basilica in composition.
The pearl of Gothic architecture in Konin is the church of St. Andrew the Apostle. It was erected in the first half of the 15th century, its founder was the owner of the village, Andrzej Laskage. The presbytery, two chapels and a vestibule border on the octagonal nave, as if forming the sides of the cross.
Monastery of the Fathers of the Reformers - founded in 1631 on land donated by Stefan Modlibowski, heir of Modlibogowice and Vardzyn. The first wooden church burned down in 1661. Then a new stone church was built with the donations of Theophilia Wisniewiecka. This building is single-nave, designed in the late Baroque style. It is made in the projection of a right angle, as well as the presbytery itself. On the eastern side, the novice Mateusz Osiecki erected an ensemble of stone monastery buildings in 1773. After the defeat of the January Uprising, the monastery was liquidated, and its buildings were used for the needs of the Russian military garrison and hospital.
Leisure and sports:
Konin offers its residents modern and well-equipped sports facilities. In addition to traditional football, handball, cycling, you can also practice rare sports such as tennis, sailing and horseback riding. Konin has 2 indoor swimming pools, 4 beaches, 3 stadiums, 3 sports halls, a fencing pavilion, an athletics stadium and a number of tennis courts.
How to get there:
There is no airport in Konin. If it is important for you to fly by plane, you can take flights to the nearest airport in Poznań (92 km). The other nearest airport is located in the city of Lodz (97 km).
It can be reached by train thanks to the Berlin-Moscow railway passing through Konin.
- (Konin), a city in Poland, on the river. Warta, the administrative center of the Konin Voivodeship. Over 80 thousand inhabitants. Center of the brown coal basin. aluminum plant. * * * KONIN KONIN (Konin), a city in the central part of Poland (see POLAND), on the Warta River, in ... encyclopedic Dictionary
County town of the Kalisz province, on the Warta River; once a strong fortress, destroyed by the Swedes. K. is very ancient, surrounded by flooded, low-lying meadows; in the spring, during the flood of the Varta, until it subsides, it is, as it were, on an island. Houses 593, inhabitants … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Konin: Konin city in Poland; Konin (Kanin) river in the Khabarovsk Territory; Konin (Kanin) is an ancient Russian city, the capital of the Konin principality. Konin, Nikolai Mikhailovich is a learned lawyer, professor of SGAP. Emperor Konin 49th Emperor ... ... Wikipedia
City in Poland, on the river. Warta, the administrative center of the Konin Voivodeship. 80 thousand inhabitants (1989). Center of the brown coal basin. Aluminum smelter… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Nikolai Mikhailovich Konin Date of birth: March 2, 1935 (1935 03 02) (77 years old) Place of birth: Yaroslavl Country ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Konin (meanings). Konin Characteristic Length 189 km Basin area 5490 km² Basin of the Sea of Okhotsk Basin of the Tugur rivers ... Wikipedia
Mikhail Fedorovich Konin Date of birth October 22, 1921 (1921 10 22) Place of birth with. Andreevka, Sampursky district, Tambov region, RSFSR Date of death July 29, 2003 ... Wikipedia
- (born 10/22/1921) attack pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944), guard lieutenant colonel. Member of the Great Patriotic War since October 1942. Fought in the 93rd Guards. cap. By May 1944 he made 120 sorties. After the war until 1971 he served ... ...
Painter in St. Petersburg, b. 1760, † 1796 15 Jan. (Polovtsov) ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Konin 光仁天皇 ... Wikipedia
Books
- Administrative law. Workshop. Textbook for academic baccalaureate, Konin NM. The workshop was prepared in accordance with the program of the administrative law course for higher educational institutions. The workshop contains questions for self-testing the assimilation of the studied material, ...
- Administrative law. Textbook for free software, Konin NM. The textbook presents a systematic presentation of modern Russian administrative law as an academic discipline. The characteristic of general legal institutions and provisions is given ...
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the sun is
The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
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UV-A. Longwave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
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UVB. Medium wave radiation range
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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UVC. Shortwave radiation range
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the Sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. The content of carbon dioxide also changes all the time.
At what values of the UV index is there a danger
The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.
What is the benefit of the sun
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand
How does the sun affect people?
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is affected the most by the Sun?
people with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south
winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun most dangerous
The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow these simple rules:
Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet light.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.
How to apply sunscreen while swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn
Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.
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How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
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