What is the KBR file extension? Installed incorrect version of Unknown Software

Bromide potassium colorless crystalline substance, potassium salt

bromomrogenic acid.

Standard Education Enthapia (298 K): -392,5 kJ / mole

Entropy of Education (298 K): 95,85 J / (mol · k)

Heat capacity (298 K): 52.07 J / (mol · k)

Entalpy Melting: 29 kJ / mol

Molar mass: 119.01 g / mol

Density: 2.75 g / cm³

Melting temperature: 734 ° C

Boiling temperature: 1435 ° C

Getting.

For industrial needs, the potassium bromide is obtained by interaction of potassium carbonate with a mixed iron bromide (II, III) Fe 3 br 8:

4K 2 CO 3 + Fe 3 br 8 → 8kbr + Fe 3 O 4 + 4Co 2

In the labortium conditions, potassium bromide can be obtained by the interaction of potassium hydroxide, bromine and ammonia:

6KOH + 3Br 2 + 3NH 3 → 6kbr + 6H 2 O + N 2

Qualitative analysis.

Analytical reactions to potassium cation.

1. Reaction with wine-eyed acid H. 2 C. 4 H. 4 O. 6 With the formation of a white crystalline precipitate of potassium hydrotrate, soluble in hot water, strong acids and alkalis and insoluble in acetic acid (GF).

KCL.+ H 2 C 4 H 4 O 6 KHC 4 H 4 O 6  + HCl

The reaction is carried out in the presence of sodium acetate.

HCl + CH 3 Coona
CH 3 COOH + NACL

Conditions for the reaction: a) a sufficiently high concentration of K + in solution;

b) reaction to cold; c) the weakly acidic or neutral reaction of the solution (pH 4-7);

d) Rottening the glass stick about the wall of the test tube.

Mixing ions: NH 4 +, Cations S 2 - and D-elements.

2. Reaction with hexanitortoobaltate (III) sodium Na. 3 With the formation of a crystalline sediment of yellow color soluble in strong acids decomposed by alkalis (GF).

2 KCL.+ Na 3.
K 2 Na  + 2 NaCl

Reaction conditions: a) Using a freshly prepared reagent;

b) excess reagent; c) the weakly acidic medium (pH 4-6); d) reaction to cold; e) rubbing a glass stick about the wall of the test tube.

Mixing ions: NH 4 +, r- and D-elements cations.

The reaction is used as a fraction after removing interfering ions by the action of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.

3. Coloring colorless flame burner in purple (GF).

4. Reaction with ammonium perchlorate NH 4 Cio. 4 With the formation of crystals having a type of polyhedra with darkened faces (ISS).

KCL. + NH 4 CLO 4
KCLO 4  + NH 4 Cl

The fractional response, specific, is carried out when heated to increase the sensitivity of the reaction.

Analytical reactions to bromide ion.

1. With a group reagent - AGNO 3 solution (GF).

Methodik : To 2-3 drops of bromide solution, acidified HNO 3 add 1-2 drops of silver nitrate solution. A yellowish curly precipitate falls out, it is difficult to soluble in an aqueous solution of ammonia, insoluble in (NH 4) 2 CO 3.

With chloro-b or chlorine water (GF) (extraction method).

Methodik : To 2 drops of a solution containing bromide ion, 2 drops of dilute HCl, 3-5 drops of chloroform and 3-5 drops of chlorine are added, shackled. The chloroform layer is painted in a yellow-brown color.

Iodide ions should be absent or pre-oxidized to jodded acid (see reactions with chlorine water or KMNO 4).

Quantitative analysis.

Determination of the mass fraction of potassium bromide (sodium) in solution

argentometric method of Folgard

(option of the inverse titration)

The definition is based on the deposition of bromide ions by an excessive solution of silver nitrate in a nitric acid medium, an unreacted part of which is rubbed by a solution of ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of a complex-forming indicator of ironammonium alum.

KBR + AGNO 3 \u003d AgBR  + KNO 3 + (AGNO 3)

AGNO 3 + NH 4 SCN \u003d AGSCN  + NH 4 NO 3

at the end point of titration:

Fe NH 4 (SO 4) 2 + 3 NH 4 SCN \u003d FE (SCN) 3 + 2 (NH 4) 2 SO 4

M (KBR) \u003d 119.02 g / mol

M (nabr) \u003d 102.90 g / mol

Methodik: The determined volume of the potassium bromide or sodium bromide (individual task) is placed in a flask for titration, 3-5 cm 3 0.05 M of silver nitrate solution, 10 drops of iron-ammonium alum solutions and titrate 0.05 m ammonium thiocyanate solution to reddish Coloring solution.

Application.

Used as a source of bromide ions to obtain silver bromide, which is used for the manufacture of photo and film.

Bromide potassium facilitates attacks of allergies caused by drosophils.

To explore the IR spectra of liquid substances, the technology of the substance of the substance between the potassium bromide plates (the so-called "tablet") is often used. Potassium bromide does not absorb IR radiation in a fairly wide wavelength range (from 0.25 microns to 25 microns), which allows it to be used for these purposes. Also, calcium fluoride is sometimes used for the manufacture of tablets to measure infrared absorption spectra.

Bibliography.

Lurie Yu.Yu. Handbook on analytical chemistry. Moscow, 1972;

Methodical indication "Instrumental analysis methods", Perm, 2004;

Methodical indication "Quality Chemical Analysis", Perm, 2003;

Methodical indication "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", Perm, 2004;

Rabinovich V.A., Khavin Z.Ya. Brief chemical reference book, Leningrad, 1991;

"Great Soviet Encyclopedia";

The KBR file extension has one type of file (s) and is associated with one different software, but mainly with Unknown Software.Designed Unknown Developer.. Often they are presented in format KEIRSEY-BATES TEMPERAMENT SORTER DATA. Most KBR files refers to Data Files..

KBR files can be viewed using the operating windows systems. They are usually located on desk computers (and row mobile devices) And you allow you to view and sometimes edit these files. The popularity rating of KBR files is "low". This means that they are not often found on most devices.

If you have any problems with the opening of KBR files, or if you just want to learn more about related programs and developers, see full informationpresented below.

The popularity of file types

File rank

Activity

This type of files still retained the relevance and is actively used by developers and application software. Although the original software of this type of files can be moved to the second plan of a newer version (for example. Excel 97 vs. Office 365), this type of files is still actively supported by the current version software. This process of interaction with the old operating system or outdated version Software is also known as " backward compatibility».

File status

Page Last update

Types of KBR files

Association of the main file KBR

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Troubleshooting when opening KBR files

Common problems with the opening of KBR files

Unknown Software is not installed

By double-clicking on the KBR file, you can see the system dialog box in which it is reported "Unable to open this type of file". In this case, this is usually due to the fact that on your computer is not installed Unknown Software for %% OS %%. As yours operating system Does not know what to do with this file, you will not be able to open it twice by clicking on it.

Tip: If you are more than another program that can open the KBR file, you can try to open this file by selecting this application from the list of possible programs.

Installed incorrect version of Unknown Software

In some cases, you may have a newer (or older) version of the Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter Data file, not supported installed version Applications. With absence proper version UNKNOWN Software (or any of the other programs listed above) may be required to download another version of software or one of the other applied software listed above. Such a problem most often occurs when working in an older version of the application software from file created in more new version , which the old version Can't recognize.

Tip: Sometimes you can get general view About the version of the KBR file, right-clicking on the file, and then selecting "Properties" (Windows) or "Get information" (Mac OSX).

SUMMARY: In any case, most of the problems arising during the opening of the KBR files are associated with the lack of installed correct application software on your computer.

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How to fix problems with opening KBR files

If you have on a computer installed antivirus program can scan all files on your computer, as well as each file separately. You can scan any file by right-clicking on the file and selecting the appropriate option to check the file for the presence of viruses.

For example, in this picture allocated file My-File.kbrthen you need to right-click on this file, and select the option in the File menu "Scan with AVG". When this parameter is selected, opens Avg Antivirus.which will check this file For viruses.

Sometimes an error may occur as a result invalid software installationWhat can be related to the problem that occurred during the installation process. It may interfere with your operating system. tie your KBR file with proper applied software having an impact on the so-called "Association of File Extensions".

Sometimes simple reinstalling Unknown Software. It can solve your problem, correctly linking KBR with Unknown Software. In other cases, problems with file associations may arise as a result bad Software Programming Developer, and you may be required to contact the developer for more accommodation.

Tip: Try updating Unknown Software to latest versionTo make sure that the latest fixes and updates are installed.

It may seem too obvious, but often directly the KBR file itself may cause the problem. If you received a file through attachment email or downloaded it from the website, and the download process was interrupted (for example, a power outage or for another reason), the file may be damaged. If possible, try to get new copy File KBR and try to open it again.

Caution: The damaged file may entail the emergence of the accompanying damage of the previous or already existing malware On your PC, so it is very important that the updated antivirus constantly worked on your computer.

If your KBR file associated with hardware on your computerTo open the file you may need update device driversassociated with this equipment.

This problem Usually related to the types of multimedia filesthat depend on the successful opening of hardware inside the computer, for example, sound card or video card. For example, if you are trying to open an audio file, but you can't open it, you may need update sound card drivers.

Tip: If you try to open the KBR file, you get error message associated with S.Sys File, the problem is likely to be associated with damaged or outdated device driversthat need to be updated. This process It is possible to facilitate through the use of software to update drivers, such as DriverDoc.

If the steps did not solve the problemand you still have problems with the opening of KBR files, it may be related to lack of available system resources. For some versions of the KBR files, considerable amount of resources may be required (for example, memory / RAM, computational power) For proper opening on your computer. Such a problem is often found, if you use a fairly old computer hardware And at the same time a much newer operating system.

Such a problem may occur when a computer is difficult to cope with the task, since the operating system (and other services operating in background mode) can consume too much resources to open the KBR file.. Try to close all applications on your PC before opening Keirsey-Bates Temperament Sorter Data. After freeing all the available resources on your computer, you will provide the best conditions for attempting to open the KBR file.

If you performed all the steps described above, and your KBR file still does not open, it may be necessary to perform equipment update. In most cases, even when using old versions of equipment, computing power can still be more than sufficient for most user applications (if you do not perform a lot of resource-intensive processor operation, such as 3D rendering, financial / scientific modeling or intensive multimedia work) . In this way, it is likely that your computer lacks the required amount of memory.(more often called "RAM", or rAM) To execute the task of opening a file.

Try updating the memoryTo find out if it will help to open the KBR file. To date, memory updates are quite affordable and very simple to install even for a regular computer user. As a bonus you probably see a good performance increase When you fulfill your computer from other tasks.

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Bromine is a heavy, bat (density of 3.1 g / cm 3, T of instrumentation. 59 ° C) with a sharp smell, similar to the smell of chlorine and iodine. Forms brown pairs. In the reflected light in Brom, almost black, on the lumen - dark red. When cooling to minus 7.3 ° C, the bromine solidifies in the yellow-green mass, which reminds appearance Crystal iodine.

Bromine is well soluble in alcohol, ether, hydrocarbons, chloroform and other organic solvents. Much worse bromine soluble in water (3.5% at 20 ° C). Somewhat better bromine soluble in salt and bromide hydrochloric acids, in KBR solutions.

The aqueous solution of bromine has a yellow color and is called "bromine water". Bromine water has quite strong oxidative properties. Interestingly, a saturated solution of bromine in water does not solidify even at a temperature of minus 20 ° C.

The most accessible connections of bromine are potassium and sodium bromide. To obtain bromine, these substances need to be oxidized in an acidic environment. As an oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide, bromate, potassium bichromate, manganese dioxide, hypochlorites, chlorine and other substances can be used.

In the workshops, it is recommended to separate the broken distillation, however, if the output and purity of the bromine does not matter (for example, for chemical experiments), the distillation stage can be omitted. This will greatly simplify the receipt process.

Below is two techniques, the essence of which is simple: the potassium bromide is oxidized in the presence of sulfuric acid, the resulting bromine is assembled at the bottom of the vessel.

Artem Chuyko He got bromine as follows.

"Dissolve in 300 ml of water 66 g of potassium bromide and pour 18 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. Further gradually by small portions add 17.5 g of potassium bromate. The solution turns yellow, then weighted bromine droplets that settle on the bottom appear in the solution. The end of the reaction layer bromine can be separated by a pipette. Exit about 16 ml.

KBRO 3 + 5KBr + 3H 2 SO 4 \u003d 3r 2 + 3H 2 O + 3K 2 SO 4 "

The obvious disadvantage of the given method is the use of potassium bromate, which does not belong to easily accessible substances.

At the Chemport.ru forum, another method of obtaining bromine, which, according to the authors, should be as simplified as possible.

"25 g sodium bromide nabr (about 12 ml in volume) was poured 45 ml of 80% of sulfuric acid (bromide did not dissolve). Liquid poured.

(Initially, we were collected in a 40-45% solution of sodium bromide add concentrated sulfuric acid, but decided to simplify the procedure as much as possible).

Then 15 ml of old perhydrail was adhering (
It turned out 6 ml of bromine (about 18 g, the output of about 90%).

Broma can be separated in a dividing funnel or with a pipette. The resulting substance can be additionally adding to concentrated sulfuric acid and overtake.

For the reaction of a fairly glass can, it is convenient to fix the polyethylene film on it with a rubber band and, having done a hole, pour perhydro and mix the stick through it.

Even when overflowing bromine water, a caustic brown cloud is sometimes formed. Try to pour right under the water layer.

Broma practically does not dissolve water in itself and immediately after receiving is already sufficiently dry. "
_____________________________
In different sources, there are several excellent magnitudes of physico-chemical constants of bromine, which, apparently, is associated with different purity of the substance.
The use of chlorine and its compounds is undesirable, as chlorine will pollute the resulting product.
You can use the battery electrolyte, removed before the formation of white vapors.