How does the satellite internet scheme work. Free satellite internet is it a myth or reality? Prices for satellite dishes

It is gaining momentum in our country more and more. Many companies providing satellite TV reception offer Internet via satellite connection as an accompanying or additional service. Such popularity is quite understandable: this "type" of the Internet has a number of advantages that we are beginning to appreciate more and more.

What exactly is it about?

Considering the advantages of such an Internet, we are primarily talking about its accessibility. Communication using a "dish" can be easily organized at any point within the coverage area of ​​the satellite. That is, you can have satellite Internet at home even where there is no way to connect a cable or telephone line.

Another significant advantage of such a connection is the high speed at which data transfer is carried out, combined with a fairly reasonable price per traffic unit.

The main problem here is only one - in order to transmit the return data from the user, the satellite Internet requires a separate channel - terrestrial (if we are not talking about a two-way option). As a rule, such transmission is performed using ADSL, GPRS or dial-up technologies.

Perhaps, to the disadvantages should also be added the dependence on the weather and the possibility of signal delay. But if there are no other options, the Internet via a satellite dish becomes indispensable. After all, today it is simply vital for many. For example, satellite Internet in a private house located "far from civilization" will have to be carried out in one way or another, if you cannot imagine a full life without the Internet.

What equipment do you need

If you decide to conduct satellite Internet in a private house, you will need to purchase, in addition to the dish itself, also a cable for it, as well as a DVB receiver, a computer DVB card. And don't forget about the converter and the mounting bracket.

In addition, stock up on F-connectors - they are used to connect cables to converters. If you plan to completely self-install and connect the plate, do not forget about the heat shrink, which is needed to insulate the cable with the F-connector, and also reserve anchors for the bracket.

Setting up the connection

So, we begin to equip satellite Internet with our own hands. The DVB receiver needs a properly tuned satellite. First of all, you need to configure the terrestrial channel according to the requirements of the provider and the technical features of the connection. For insertion, you can use any of the free slots on the computer, after which the necessary drivers are installed, which are available on the installation disc sold in the kit.

How to properly configure the driver installed from the disk, you will learn from the attached instructions. Your task is only to carefully follow it step by step. After installing the drivers, we create a network connection. It is advisable to download the GlobaX program on the net. If this point causes you difficulties, contact the place where you bought the satellite equipment.

It would seem that it is very difficult to connect and configure satellite Internet with your own hands. But in fact, observing the instructions provided in the kit, you can do everything quite sensibly and quickly. In addition, many vendors of equipment for such an Internet now offer a service of its installation and complete configuration. This condition should be clarified when making a purchase.

We mount satellite Internet with our own hands: a sequence of actions

Most individual users are familiar with only one-way access to the Internet through (it is also called asynchronous or asymmetric). To have full access, you need to organize a "land" line (it is needed so that you can transmit the outgoing signal), and for the incoming signal you will need to establish a connection between the dish and the satellite. And connecting satellite Internet with your own hands is a very real task.

Having got a converter, cable and DVB, let's get down to business. At the first stage, it will be necessary to achieve connection to the World Wide Web using any of the types of communication. This can be done using 3G, GPRS or Dial-up modems, as well as using a dedicated DSL line (if available).

Collecting data

Going online, find as much information as possible about providers who offer Internet through a satellite dish. You will have to study and organize for yourself the names and locations of the satellites they use, compare the parameters of the transponders and clarify the maps of the area covered by the signal. Be sure to check if your address is in the signal pickup area.

As a result of these information research, you have on hand a list of providers suitable for those living specifically in your area, with all the conditions and technical characteristics. From here you can already choose someone one.

Do not forget that for high-quality satellite signal reception, the antenna should not be covered by any obstacles in the form of houses or trees.

We decide finally

To find out whether reception of a signal from the selected satellite is possible specifically for you, install the Satellite Antenna Alignment program (it's free). The coordinates of the satellite itself are entered into it, then yours - at home and in the settlement. The program will calculate the location of the satellite relative to your point - the elevation angle, azimuth, etc. Based on this data, once again check the presence or absence of obstacles.

If you have the ability to receive a signal from different providers, the final choice should be made by comparing their rates.

In addition, the required antenna diameter is important - this parameter is contained in the coverage maps, as well as the type of convector (C or Ku bands), it depends on the signal frequency. When buying a network card, do not be lazy to compare the characteristics of all commercially available options to choose the most suitable one.

We put the antenna and check the signal

At the next stage, we proceed to the installation of equipment. Having coped with this, we insert a network card into the computer slot and install its software. Having chosen a suitable place (so that the selected satellite is accessible), we install the antenna there. Then we fix the convector on it and connect it to the network card via a cable.

The next step is to check the satellite signal. The network card tuner program provides for the input of its parameters - frequency, speed, polarization and FEC (information redundancy coefficient). The antenna must be oriented exactly in the direction of the satellite; this is done using the same free program.

If everything is done correctly, the signal from the satellite should be recorded by the tuner of the network card. How exactly to work with a specific tuner program is indicated in the user manual for the network card.

Completion of the procedure

Having received the signal, you can go to the website of the provider of this satellite, register as a client and subscribe. You will have at your disposal a personal account with all the necessary technical information - IP addresses, options for connection types, payment methods, etc. By choosing the option that suits you and paying for the service, you can enjoy access to the World Wide Web using a satellite.

Practical note: when deciding on a satellite, look at what it broadcasts from television programs. The best choice would be to get Internet and TV "in one bottle".

About the Tricolor antennas

Many people are wondering whether it is now possible to connect satellite Internet via Tricolor and how to do it. Unfortunately, this is not possible at the moment. The services provided under the Tricolor-Internet brand are no longer operated - since March 2012, their provision has been suspended.

The company's management explained this by the small number of subscribers using this service (only about 0.1% of the total number).

Perhaps, in the future, this decision will be canceled, as the company announced its intention to completely revise its strategy. Option of two-way Internet via satellite is possible. The previously used equipment was able to be distributed to ensure the services demanded by customers.

We organize two-way satellite Internet

If you want to do away with telephone lines and fiber for good, then you need to get on with providing two-way satellite communications. This connection is symmetrical and is based on forward and backward signal transmission exclusively via satellite.

In this case, the antenna should be purchased in the Ku-band and having a diameter of 1.2-1.8 meters, while with a receiving LNB unit and a transmitting BUC. There are no other hardware restrictions.

It may seem to someone that equipping a two-way satellite Internet with their own hands is too difficult a task. In fact, it is quite simple.

We fix and orient the antenna

The antenna is assembled strictly according to the attached instructions. The mounting location must be prepared in advance. It is important to determine which antenna position will be correct. It depends on the angle of the terrain, the direction in which the satellite is located, the distance to the existing obstacles and the load created by the wind on its mirror.

To do this before mounting, use some other satellite system (eg TV).

With the smwlink software you installed, the antenna is oriented south. Having fixed the plate vertically, we connect the speaker to the sound card.

The program that allows you to determine the signal level - Fast Sat Finder. Using it, rotating the antenna, find and fix its maximum level.

Setting up and testing

Then connect your computer (laptop) and install the necessary programs and drivers.

If you are going to connect to the satellite using a stationary computer, you will need to buy and install a DVB card. For a laptop, you should get an external DVB device.

When tuning the antenna, test it with a computer. This process is quite long and laborious. Even if there is no interference on the screen, this is not a guarantee of high-quality data transfer. Stability in your network is not easy.

After tuning the antenna, get connected to the ISP. The procedure in this case is completely similar to that described above - we go to the site of the selected provider, submit an application, pay.

Outcomes

Thus, we see that connecting a two-way satellite Internet from the point of view of equipment is not much more difficult than the so-called one-way - one-way (using an amplifier-converter). But the disadvantage of the latter is in the lower speed, in comparison with a symmetrical connection.

Of course, it is quite possible to install and configure any equipment by professionals, but there are also disadvantages here. We are not talking about additional costs. But sometimes you will not always be able to understand the quality of the services provided, and many of these tuners work with just a household receiver, which guarantees almost nothing.

Many people, who are not specialists at all, quite successfully set up a two-way satellite Internet with their own hands and never regret it afterwards. So the choice is yours.

Users have the technical ability to use inexpensive parabolic antennas and computer DVB-receivers to receive a signal from a satellite - both a television signal and a digital data stream. The speed of receiving information from a satellite can reach values ​​from 128 kilobits to 16 megabits per second, which is a lot. The average speed of Internet access for users is from 256 kbps to 1 megabits per second, which is 5-20 times higher than through a conventional modem.

Satellite Internet providers, in turn, have the opportunity to use transmission equipment, servers and communication equipment to organize Internet access with the transmission of user-requested traffic via a satellite hanging in a stable geostationary orbit.

With this scheme of work, payment for incoming traffic is traditionally used, as is the case with land-based dedicated Internet access. Since monopoly fiber-optic communication channels are not used in this case (information is transmitted through space), and the competition in this market is quite high, the prices for traffic are quite affordable: from $ 32 per gigabyte of received information during the day to ridiculous $ 5 / gigabyte at night at a speed of 256 kbit / c (see for example SpaceGate, SG-Traffic tariff.). In practice, this means that a CD is downloaded in a couple of nights, and you only need to pay for such a volume of one hundred rubles. For example, you can estimate the real costs by a survey on the forum Spacegate - Who spends a month on the Internet and how much

There are also unlimited options for paying for Internet access at a certain fixed price per month with corresponding restrictions on the speed of reception. As a rule, unlimited tariffs are suitable only for organizations or home networks, because they are quite expensive for a private individual, but one of the offers (PlanetSky, SkyCrystal tariff) is quite suitable for home use, especially if several apartments are cooperating to share such access.

As you can see, the prices for communication channels in Russia are so high that the use of space technologies and an expensive satellite operating far in space is sometimes several times cheaper than renting channels in a fiber-optic cable once buried in the ground. The satellite providers themselves position their service as an inexpensive way to access the Internet in the absence of high-speed terrestrial communication channels or monopoly high prices for them. Total: satellite Internet for the user has a low price and high speed of access.

What do you need to connect?

Working on the Internet always means sending a signal in both directions. Although usually the volume of transmitted information is many times lower than received, there must be a channel outgoing from the user. Ordinary cymbals are designed only for receiving a signal (buying and using transmitting and receiving equipment costs very different money), so we will have to use other means to transmit data.

It is then that we will pay attention to the classification of Internet access means available in Russia, indicated at the beginning of this review, in the Preamble, since any of them can be used as an outgoing channel when working with a satellite.

Obviously, it is possible to use dialup, but it is impractical: we will increase the speed of reception, but it is unlikely that we will somehow reduce the cost of Internet access, since we will have to pay a time-consuming terrestrial provider plus the satellite provider's traffic. Perhaps this access is suitable for nightly downloading files, but this is for the enthusiast-rocker.

The GPRS option is suitable in very limited cases. (Note. Now, when the rates for GPRS have significantly decreased, and the quality has increased, the use of GPRS as a request channel is preferable. As practice has shown, with very low requirements for the request channel, GPRS access is the most optimal in terms of price / quality ratio) all this is the lack of technical ability to connect in a different way - as a rule, an absent or "compressed" telephone line (the use of subscriber multiplexing on the telephone line, as well as tone security and fire alarm prevents the installation of equipment operating according to the "Internet over the phone" scheme). This method of access has such serious drawbacks as the possible payment for outgoing cellular traffic (while the prices are very high) and the extremely low speed of sending information.

So if it is technically possible to install one of the types of dedicated access according to the "Internet over the phone" scheme, it is best to do just that.

Thus, the first thing we need is terrestrial Internet access to send information, preferably dedicated. I deliberately put this point in the first place, since it is not obvious to many.

The second is the technical ability to tune to the satellite. Since the very nature of the geostationary orbit requires the placement of satellites strictly above the equator, it will be necessary to be able to mount a satellite dish on a wall or on a balcony so that the dish can be turned to one of the satellites, and they are all in the south, southeast and southeast. west, at an angle of about 30-45 degrees to the horizon (the closer to the "south" direction, the higher the satellite is for us). A place for installation and free space for a satellite (of those that are used by providers to provide their services) - that's all we need.

But even if all your windows face north, if there are high-rise buildings nearby, if there are some incomprehensible trees around, perhaps all is not lost. After all, the dish can be installed on the roof, and in other places, sometimes the most unexpected, and the antenna can be directed into the gap between the tree and the neighboring house, etc.

The third thing you need is to choose a satellite from among the available ones, buy a set of satellite equipment and entrust specialists with its installation and configuration. For the curious, I'll tell you that the kit includes the following main components:

satellite dish

LNB-converter ("head"), installed in the focus of the dish

DVB-receiver (as a rule, it is a computer PCI-card like SkyStar-2)

cable and required connectors

The cost of a standard kit with installation and adjustment ranges from $ 200 (with a plate diameter of 90 cm) to $ 350. (with a plate diameter of 120 cm).

What is the difference between a plate diameter of 90 cm and 120 cm, you ask? It consists in the fact that, all other things being equal, a plate of 120 cm in size gives a greater margin for bad weather (rainstorm, thunderstorm, powerful cloudiness and snowfall). Occasionally there are situations when on a plate with a diameter of 90 cm the receiver refuses to "pull" the signal to an acceptable level; with a plate with a diameter of 120 cm, such situations happen even several times less.

Sixty-centimeter dishes, which are suitable for television, cannot be used for working on the Internet - the requirements for the quality of the received signal in the case of Internet access are higher. However, some companies that install equipment for satellite Internet report that the Russian provider Dina-Vesta (Raduga service) has a signal from the Intelsat-904 satellite in our area so strong that a 60 cm dish can be caught perfectly ... But not you should rely on this: there is only one such provider, and if something happens to him, you will have to change the plate one way or another.

Having connected to the terrestrial Internet and installed satellite reception equipment, we need to tie these two pieces together so that they function as one and give us in the end a normal Internet connection. After all, as you remember, the data must be sent through a ground channel, and come through space.

This is done by connecting to a satellite provider. "Connection" consists in the fact that he registers you in his database and creates a personal account for you, where he puts the amount that you pay in the form of an advance payment for traffic - for a start, $ 10 is enough.

You tell the provider the unique MAC address of your DVB receiver (as a rule, it is written directly on the receiver), it activates the Internet access service for you and gives you a login and password for satellite Internet access. You can do all this on our website, and you will only have to independently control the expense of funds from the account and replenish it in time. You can replenish by bank payment, through WebMoney - in general, in any way.

The linking together of sending data via a terrestrial connection and receiving via a satellite is carried out, as a rule, by installing one of the types of VPN connections (Virtual Private Network) with the server of the satellite provider. Well, the provider's server is just configured in such a way as to receive data from you on the ground, send it to the Internet on your behalf, receive a response and forward it to you through the sky.

A few tips for VPN connection:

VPN connections come in different types: VPN-Fake, VPN-Best, OpenVPN. VPN-Best has no overhead ground traffic (all reception is via satellite). VPN-Fake and OpenVPN connections generate some ground overhead inbound traffic to serve the connection itself.

If the satellite operator does not indicate the type of connection (it simply says "VPN", and that's it), then it's VPN-Fake.

If it is impossible or undesirable to work through a VPN for some reason (I don’t know why, but all of a sudden!), Some providers can work through a proxy server.

Once you have successfully established a VPN connection - that's it, you are on the satellite, welcome to the world of the right Internet.

Can you play games like Quake?

No, in dynamic games like Quake, Counter Strike, etc., you won't be able to play via satellite, the delays in the passage of information are too great (pings are about 300-600 ms). However, in games that do not require such a quick response from communication channels (for example, strategies), it is easy.

Well, how much does it cost?

It depends on what tariff plan and how much to work. In chats, for example, you can at least get offended, the sites are also unlimited. At night, you can download it cheaply, it has already been said above that a downloaded CD will cost a hundred rubles - just a fairy tale. I think, if you almost do not limit yourself, then when paying for traffic, normal monthly costs are 600-1000 rubles per month, plus some payment for terrestrial Internet.

Who should I connect to?

A good option is the Express-AM22 satellite, which hosts four providers at once: SpaceGate, PlanetSky, HeliosNet and Raduga.

What happens when you move?

If you change your place of residence, you will have to reconnect the terrestrial Internet and remount the dish. Choose your home wisely! That is, with a good view to the south.

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If you are looking for, you will only find here:

What is satellite internet?

How does satellite internet work? Why is a terrestrial connection required when connecting to satellite internet? What is the advantage of satellite internet and what are its disadvantages?

When working in the Internet environment, the reception and transmission of information is carried out in two streams:

1. user requests for a resource
2. forwarding the requested resource

Satellite, most often, is a combined method of Internet access, when the first stream (user requests) is transmitted via a terrestrial connection, and the second stream (of requested information) is directed to a satellite dish installed by the user.
During standard work in the Internet environment, the amount of information sent by the user is ten times less than the amount of information that comes on demand. So, using a high bandwidth (up to 4000 Kbps) satellite dish, you can speed up your work on the Internet many times over.
With normal Internet access, sending and receiving data is as follows. When dial-up connection, having dialed the provider and identified, you get a temporary IP-address. Using this IP-address, you request a resource and receive it on this IP.
For satellite (asymmetric) access, the following scheme is used:

You enter the Internet using a "terrestrial" (eg GPRS) provider and receive a temporary IP address from it.

When you send a request for a resource, using this IP-address, you first go to the proxy server of the "plate" provider. It contains the login and password, which are given to you when installing the DVB card. When establishing a connection with a proxy server, they are identified.

The proxy server remembers your username and password.

You follow the route of the request using the IP address of the proxy server. Your temporary IP address remains hidden during the session.

The requested data is received by the proxy server and, then, is transmitted via satellite to that DVB card, the login and password of which were identified and entered into memory when the user sent a request.

You get the resource you are looking for.

Today there are several ways to connect to the Internet. The most famous of them are:

1. Dial-Up Modem Connection
2. GPRS connection (via cell phone)
3. Leased line connection
4. Radio access
5. Satellite connection

Modem connection:

At the moment, the most common way of connecting, but quickly becoming obsolete. The scheme of data transmission via a modem connection is carried out according to the following scheme:

The subscriber (user) through the telephone line through the modem dials up to the provider's modem pool.

The provider's server processes the incoming information from the user, verifies the account name and password. If they match, then it assigns a free IP address to the user's computer, i.e. the user's computer has its own name on the Internet.

Thanks to this IP address, the subscriber's computer transmits and receives information from the network.

A dial-up connection attracts most users for a number of reasons: ease of installation (installation of equipment consists only in purchasing a modem); ease of interaction with the provider;

Disadvantages of a modem connection: congestion of the telephone line; low data transfer rate (3KB / s); time-based telephone line charges in some cities; unreliable connection due to poor quality of telephone channels; low quality of data transmission due to poor quality of telephone channels.

GPRS connection

The ability to use a cell phone as a modem is currently offered by most cellular operators. When using GPRS, channels are temporarily free from the transmission of voice messages. Those. thereby, operators increase the efficiency of their transmission equipment.

Leased line connection:

Everyone knows that the most convenient and fastest connection is a dedicated line connection. The scheme of data transmission via a dedicated line is carried out according to the following scheme:

The provider reaches out to the subscriber's computer with a cable (copper pair or fiber optic).

Gives a range of IP-range for the subscriber's computers to access the network.

Advantages of a dedicated line: constant direct connection to the network; free telephone line; high-speed data transfer (from 100KB / s); high quality of information transfer.

Flaws: high installation cost; the cost directly depends on the distance to the connection point; the impossibility of physically moving a personal computer to another point without a new wire laying; high channel rent (about $ 300).

Radio access:

One of the wireless connection methods. The scheme of data transmission via radio access is carried out according to the following scheme:

The subscriber and the provider are equipped with transmitting and receiving radio equipment with a special radio modem. By means of such equipment, Internet resources are requested and sent.

Satellite connection:

Uses asynchronous access. The combined method of access is most often called satellite. The scheme of data transmission through a satellite connection is carried out according to the following scheme:

The request channel is built on the basis of possible or existing connections - Dial-Up, leased line, GPRS. The main requirement is not speed, but reliability of the connection. One of the best options, especially in the absence or poor quality of telephone lines, is to connect via GPRS.

The satellite channel acts as the receiving channel.

Advantages: very low cost of traffic (from 10 kopecks per 1 MB) affordable for almost everyone (from $ 350); the speed of obtaining information is significantly increased (from 100 Kb / s to tens of Mb / s); the ability to additionally receive satellite television channels; no monthly fee; flexibility of tariff proposals.

Flaws: for satellite access, it is necessary to have any other connection to the Internet through which the user's requests for a resource are sent (the requested resource is "dropped" onto the satellite dish).

Thus, the transmission of Internet information via asynchronous access is today a compromise between an endangered modem connection and a leased line connection. Even if you have a dedicated line connection, but you are not satisfied with the high cost of traffic, organizing a receiving channel through a satellite connection, you can significantly reduce your Internet costs. This is especially true for small firms and individuals who need a fairly large amount of information.

In the context of urban infrastructure, Internet access is not a problem - almost everywhere there is one or several providers. However, outside the city (where I often visit) it is much more difficult to organize a permanent channel to the Network. I will tell you about my experience.

When you need satellite Internet

Anyone can be a user of satellite Internet - an enterprise or an individual, if he needs broadband access to the Network, and laying a cable from a provider is problematic. Whether we are talking about a country house, a summer residence, a recreation center, agricultural organizations, or even a company whose office is beyond the reach of fixed networks, satellite Internet is used everywhere. It is pleasant to note that the development of IT and the emergence of additional services in cellular networks played a positive role and led to a decrease in tariffs for data transmission. And since Internet access outside the city became more accessible, I decided to independently create the necessary infrastructure for a country house.

Why satellite and not 3G?

Speaking of mobile networks, one can argue which connection option is better: 3G or satellite? In theory, 3G networks are able to provide transmission speeds of up to 7 Mbps. However, there are nuances here - the cost of traffic in a cellular operator's network is usually quite high (at least 1 ruble per 1 MB), and unlimited tariffs imply a speed limit when a certain threshold of several gigabytes or even hundreds of megabytes is reached (per month of subscription). But the most unpleasant thing is that with an increase in the number of subscribers who are active in the area of ​​a specific base station, the data transfer rate drops, and for some places far from the city, communication is available only in the EGDE standard (up to 256 Kbit / s) or even GPR S (up to 128 Kbps).

Such restrictions sometimes do not allow organizing reliable and fast enough access to the Network for one or several users, which makes them turn to satellite technology services.

What are the features of satellite internet

The satellite data transmission channel has its drawbacks, including the problem of organizing a reverse communication channel, as well as delays in the processing of requests by the provider. In most cases, users choose a one-way satellite channel, the implementation of which costs about 3–5 thousand rubles. depending on the selected equipment. In this case, you receive only incoming traffic from the satellite, and outgoing traffic is sent to the provider via another communication channel - via a GSM modem, ADSL, dial-up connection or any other technology. The advantages of this approach are that the outbound channel can be significantly slower, since, mainly on the Internet, users download about 10 times more than they send to the Web. Therefore, satellite Internet with feedback via the GPR S / EDGE channel provides an opportunity to travel fairly quickly across the vastness of the Global Network. If you have an expensive feedback channel, it is best to install a dedicated satellite internet accelerator provided by your ISP. This utility provides outbound request compression and optimization algorithms, which traditionally contain a lot of service information that is not actually needed to receive the requested content. These software modules additionally increase the speed of the reverse communication channel, as well as reduce the cost of paying for outgoing traffic. Some providers provide access to accelerators free of charge ("Rainbow Internet", SkyDSL), others charge an additional fee for using this service (Sky-Fi, PlanetDSL). In any case, asynchronous communication leads to delays, because satellites transmit a single information flow for all clients, so when a request arrives via a terrestrial channel, data for transmission is queued and sent in the stream after a while, depending on the current platform load. The delay can be from 50 to 1000 ms (and even more), which excludes the possibility of using IP-telephony with one-way communication with the satellite. Synchronous Internet provides a stable connection, independence from additional providers and increases cost savings. However, the cost of equipment for synchronous communication with a satellite reaches 30-60 thousand rubles. and requires special permission in a number of regions. This approach is used when there are no other options, so I will tell you how to organize a budget one-way connection with a satellite.

Choosing a provider

After you have decided to use satellite Internet, you need to choose a provider. Depending on your solution, you will need an antenna of the correct size and a receiver of the correct standard. To get the best communication quality, it is better to give preference to a satellite whose position in geostationary orbit is close to your region. You should also study the tariffs and terms of service of operators. I chose the Russian operator "Rainbow Internet", which uses DVB-S2 technology (increased data rate) on the Intelsat satellite, which has a high signal level in central Russia and the Urals.

Equipment selection

The estimate can include an access device - a DVB card or a special external device (from RUB 1,500), an EDGE modem (from RUB 500 or as a gift from an operator), as well as a satellite dish (RUB 1,000) and a receiver head (RUB 200 .). This set is able to turn a regular desktop PC into a satellite Internet access server. Almost every satellite Internet provider offers a ready-made kit with a built-in 3G module, which makes it possible to avoid additional settings - you just need to correctly orient the antenna and install a SIM card with a valid data subscription. However, in my situation, the most economical solution was required for five users to access the global network. Therefore, as a receiver, I chose the well-proven Tevii 464 card, which receives a signal from a Supral antenna with a diameter of 1 m (which is even redundant in the Central Black Earth region). Since no mobile operator was able to provide coverage in this area with a data transmission density higher than EDGE, I decided to use the Sony Ericsson S512 cell phone, which is no longer relevant, but has a good reception level, as a modem. Thus, the cost of the kit was: 2000 (DVB card) + 1000 (antenna) + 200 (receiver head) + 50 (10 m coaxial cable) + free (old phone) = 3250 rubles. Cheap and cheerful.

WhichSoftware required for satellite access

In addition to the Internet accelerator, which is used for the services of "Rainbow Internet" branded Sprint, for more optimization of both incoming and outgoing channels, an additional caching proxy server is best suited. Sprint creates a proxy on its own, but it does not save already loaded objects, so in my local network, a free (up to 5 users) HandyCache server was used as a cascading server. With a larger number of users, it can be replaced with any other caching proxy server that supports the corresponding services. To protect your network, you can install any software firewall that can also help block certain requests that lead to additional costs, such as peering, accessing unwanted resources, or downloading large files. If you tune the antenna yourself, the programs for finding satellites and calculating the direction of the antenna depending on the geographic location will also come in handy, in particular, a utility such as FastSatFinder allows you to determine, using a signal from a DVB-card, which satellite you have tuned the antenna to at the moment ... Careful and careful alignment helps to manually tune the antenna to obtain a fairly high signal quality - about 60-90% without using

Additional equipment and the involvement of specialists. This is sufficient for stable data transfer. However, if you are not a fan of engineering calculations and strive for a quick result, it is best to hire a specialist who will tune the antenna to any satellite of your choice, and even properly mount the antenna on the wall.

Setting up a home network

A feature of the Sprint accelerator is the simultaneous creation of an explicit proxy and transparent traffic redirection, access to which can be provided to users using Microsof t Internet Connection Sharing. To do this, it is enough to make the virtual connection (Srint creates it automatically during installation) publicly available on the network. Even when using a low speed return channel, which in my case was limited by the speed of the EDGE network, up to 10 users can comfortably work on the Internet, connected to the server via both wired and wireless (Wi-Fi) networks.

Complete with TV?

Most of the satellites are also intended for broadcasting. That is, using the same satellite dish, you can receive data and video. Thus, the selected Intelsat satellite has the Active TV service, and one of the most popular satellite TV suppliers in Russia, Tricolor, offers subscribers with a paid subscription to receive incoming traffic by the end of the year at no additional charge. However, high data transfer rates are not guaranteed. If a wide selection of TV channels is relevant for you, simultaneous Internet access and reception of a TV signal will save money on equipment, as well as take advantage of the complex offers of the service provider.

Conclusion

Of course, satellite Internet is not a universal solution and should be used only in cases where other access options provide insufficient speed or require too high a payment. However, in a private country house, where an antenna for satellite television has already been installed, satellite Internet can be the best way to organize high-speed access to the global network at a reasonable price.

Sincerely, Vasilenko Ivan !

The article deals with the organization of two-way satellite Internet. Another name is duplex, synchronous. For the operation of such a system, geostationary satellites are used. This is a satellite located at an altitude of 35768 km, its orbit (geostationary - GSO) lies in the equatorial plane, while the angular velocity of the apparatus is equal to the angular velocity of the earth's rotation. Thus, it is always located above one point on the surface. This allows the use of fixed (fixed) antennas for transmitting and receiving a signal from a satellite, which simplifies the process of information exchange itself. The position of the satellite is constantly corrected by means of propulsion engines. Theoretically, 3 such satellites are enough to survey the entire surface of the earth, but guaranteed communication is carried out only in a 40-degree strip on both sides of the equator. Communication up to 75-80 degrees is possible and carried out, but it meets certain technical difficulties. For Russia, this is the Arctic.

The figure shows the coverage area of ​​the Internet with two satellites:

Russian "Yamal";

Foreign "IntelSat".

As you can see, the satellites provide communications for almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, except for Chukotka, and also capture part of the European and Asian countries.

Compared to cable lines, two-way satellite Internet has a number of advantages:

Continuous communication, since the satellite and antenna are stationary relative to each other;

Independence from terrestrial cable and radio lines;

Coverage of a large surface with only three satellites;

There is no need for inter-satellite communication, as in LEO systems, where satellites exchange information.

There are also disadvantages in the operation of two-way satellite Internet:

High cost of satellite and receiving stations. This is determined by the large distance from the satellite (about 36000 km) and, as a consequence, the low signal level.

Delay in signal propagation. Considering the speed of propagation of radio waves and distance, the delay time is about 0.12 seconds one way, and the total response time is about 0.8 seconds. This is acceptable for television and radio broadcasting, but not always for the Internet, and game lovers should forget about dynamic online games.

Sensitivity to weather conditions (pouring rain or sleet in strong winds). This sometimes increases the delay time.

The principle of operation of two-way satellite Internet

In the case of synchronous Internet, the satellite works in the transmit / receive mode. The client's request is transmitted to the satellite and then to the receiving station (provider), which sends it to the Internet. Having received the necessary data from the requested site, the provider transmits the information to the client via satellite. The exchange is carried out for microwave frequencies in the Ku band. Operation speed: up to 2 Mbps when transmitting and up to 8 Mbps when receiving information. The ground stations of the satellite two-way Internet client are called VSAT (VerySmall ApertureTerminal). VSAT stations can be fixed and mobile. The latter are widely used in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, on cars, ships, airplanes, etc.

Equipment, installation and configuration, tariffs.

Many companies are involved in installation and configuration. One of these is RuSat, which has been operating in this market for over 10 years. The company has a transceiver teleport equipped with Ø9.15m antennas, powerful transmitters, backup power, etc. The base is the Yamal satellite (Russia) and foreign IntelSats.

Below is a list of equipment supplied by the company for two-way satellite Internet operation:

1. Antenna Ø0.75m with automatic aiming.
2. Transmitter with a power of 500 or 800 mW.
3. ILNB converter. Converts the signal from the modem to the Ku band (receive, transmit).
4. Modem with power supply.
5. Point & PlayTM satellite orientation equipment.
6. Cables with connectors. Ethernet (2 m, RJ-45) and two Tx and Rx cables (30 m, F-type connectors).
7. Antenna support (optional).
8. Documentation.

The subscriber can connect at tariff A (more than 1350 rubles) or B (less than 1350 rubles). If necessary, it is possible to connect to a local network via a cable line or Wi-Fi.

Two-way satellite internet is the only option when there is no way to connect to high-speed cable or radio communication systems. These can be summer cottages or cottage settlements, remote villages, mobile objects, etc.

The combination of two-way satellite Internet with local area networks (cable or wireless) makes it possible for groups of users to connect to the network.

The satellites provide 24/7 continuous communication throughout the covered area.