General principles for organizing the search for information on the Internet. How to search. Search zone, database volume

Kocheganova Polina.

Methods for searching for educational information on the Internet

The most important condition and leading factor determining the success of educational activities using computer technologies is the readiness of students to productive activities in the didactic computer environment.

Mastering effective methods and means of searching, processing and using educational information makes it possible not only to intensify educational processes, but also develop cognitive interests of students, the desire for productive, creative activity.

Thanks to the ubiquitous development and application of computer technology, currently in one electronics or another is the information of all areas of human activity: science, production, commerce, literature, entertainment, etc. The Internet has compatibility with various electronic networks and databases and allows you to get convenient access to almost any type of information.

Information resources available via the Internet are huge. These are tens of millions of documents submitted in various ways, the number of which is constantly increasing. Depending on the method of presentation, the type and nature of the information, the methods of accessing it differ, therefore, before considering the search methods, consider the classification of information resources.

On the principle of organization and use, the search tool can be divided into directories (directories, directories) and search engines.

Catalogs

Catalogs are directories containing Internet address lists grouped by specific features. As a rule, they are combined on topics (science, art, news, etc.), where every topic is branched into several sublevels.

The feature of these information search tools is that the creation of the structure, database and their continuous update is carried out by "manually", the team of editors and programmers, and the search process itself requires the direct participation of the user, independently turning from the reference to the link.

Search engines

The activation of search engines is to a constant consecutive study of all Internet nodes available to this search system, with all their connections and branches. Due to the constant updating of information, the search machine is regularly returned after a certain period of time (about a month) to the already studied nodes to detect and register changes. All read information is indexed, that is, a specialized database is created in which all the Internet page studied by the system is encoded.

When you receive a request from the user, the search engine considers all indexed information and gives a list of documents corresponding to the search task. Found documents are ranked depending on the location of keywords (in the title, at the beginning of the text, in the first paragraphs) and the frequencies of their appearance in the text.

Despite the similar principle of operation, the search machines differ in the request languages, search zones, search depth inside the document, rising methods and priorities, so the use of different search engines gives various results.

A more or less serious approach to any task begins with the analysis of possible methods for its solution. The search for information on the Internet can be produced in several methods that are significantly different in both the efficiency and quality of the search and the type of recoverable information. In some cases, it is necessary to use very laborious methods - the result is worth it.

The following basic methods for finding information on the Internet can be distinguished, which, depending on the objectives and tasks of the seeker, are used separately or in combination with each other:

Direct search using hypertext links

Since all sites in the WWW space are actually associated with each other, the search for information can be made by sequential viewing of related pages using a browser.

Although this fully manual search method looks like a complete anachronism in a network containing more than 60 million nodes, "manual" viewing web pages often turns out to be the only possible at the final stages of the information search, when the mechanical "digging" is inferior to a deeper analysis. The use of catalogs, classified and thematic lists and all sorts of small reference books also relates to this view of the search.

Using search engines

Today, this method is one of the main and actually the only one when conducting a pre-search. The result of the latter may be a list of resources of the sketch to be detailed.

As a rule, the use of search engines is based on the use of keywords that are transmitted by search servers as search arguments: what to look for. If you do everything right, then the formation of a list of keywords requires preliminary work on the preparation of thesaurus.

Search with special means

This fully automated method may be very effective for the initial search.

Spider is a key tool for searching in Web. As she wondered earlier, the spider is a program that receives some or all resources from a large number of sites, mainly to create inverted indexes that will later be used by search applications. Like other web-clients, the spider generates HTTP requests to access the Web site resources and performs a syntactic analysis of the answers. The main differences between the spider and the browser are a much larger number of sites to which requests are accessed and requests, the absence of any display of responses and sufficiently unusual use of responses.

In practice, however, only part of the resources can be requested from sites. Many spiders, for example, do not request images or multimedia resources. This is done if the spider is used to build an index of only text resources.

Analysis of new resources

The search for newly formed resources may be necessary when conducting repeated search cycles, finding the most recent information or to analyze the trends in the development object in dynamics.

Another possible reason can be the fact that most of the search engines update their indexes with a significant delay caused by the giant volumes of the processed data, and this delay is usually the greater the less interesting the topic. This consideration may be very significant when searching in a highly specialized subject area. This can be attributed here, for example, working with social networks, video content.

Really useful methods for searching for educational information on the Internet:

Compilation of thesaurus

To effectively use search servers, a list of keywords is needed, organized with the semantic relations between them, i.e. thesaurus. In the preparation of thesaurus, it is necessary to provide processing of synonyms, homonyms and morphological variations of keywords. Do not enter the name of the theme itself.

See 2-3-4 Search Pages

Selection of search engine

A sequence of using search engines is established in accordance with descending the expected search efficiency using each machine.

In total, about 180 search servers differing in coverage regions, principles of searching (and, consequently, in the input language and nature of perceived queries), the volume of the index base, the speed of updating information, the ability to search for "non-standard" information and the like. The main criteria for selecting search servers are the size of the index base of the server and the degree of development of the search engine itself, that is, the level of complexity of the requests perceived by it.

Use English-speaking resources, even if you do not own the language. Today, technical machine translation is no longer just a set of words, as it was before. Good, useful foreign sites are translated more than adequately.

Use specialized sources of study of educational information:e.- library., Bank dissertations, CyberLeninka, archives sites, etc.

Completing the work, it can be concluded that the Internet contains a very large amount of educational information on various topics in the form of articles in electronic newspapers, reports, reference books, graphic images, audio and video files and many other things. Traveling over the Internet, you can find any information, in other words, if any data has ever been introduced into a computer, then most likely they can be found somewhere on the unbarrous Internet.

There is no such information that could not be found on the Internet, you just need to know where and how to search.

Bibliography

Harmashov M. Yu., Korotkov A. M. Preparation of students for productive activities in the didactic computer environment. - Volgograd, 2001.

Nainankov I.P. Management of knowledge in an informational environment. - M.: MESI, 2000.

Putilov G.P. The concept of building an information and educational environment of a technical university. - M.: MGIM, 1999.

Information search tools in Internet // Afanasy Exchange (Tver). - March 28, 1997.

Uskov V.L. Remote engineering based on the Internet / Library of the magazine "Information Technologies", 2000, No. 3.

Demin Igor Svyatoslavovich Search for scientific and educational information on the Internet // Bulletin TSU. 2008. №9.

Who owns information, he owns the world. For the assistant leader, a desire to possess certain knowledge is dictated at all do not vanity or ideas to conquer the world, but most often a professional necessity. The ability to extract useful data is undoubtedly one of the key assistant in the work of the personal assistant, since it is far from always true or the necessary information lies on the surface.

What is the confidentiality of information?

According to paragraph 7 of Art. 2 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection" (as amended on November 24, 2014) confidentiality of information - compulsory to fulfill the person who gained access to certain information, the requirement not to transmit such information to third parties without the consent of its owner. Another privacy concept is inaccessibility for a certain circle of information users. Anyway, this is information that is transmitted only by certain rules established by its copyright holder, whether it is a legal entity (organization) or an individual (an ordinary citizen who has become interesting for some reasons). So, on the one hand, confidentiality provides protection to the rightholder of information, and on the other, it creates obstacles to who interests access to it.

Information Puzzle.

One of the special properties of information is that it lives, i.e. It is transmitted in one way or another, using various methods and tools. For this reason, even confidential information, to get by submitting an official request, it is often impossible, it appears in general access due to the inattention of its right holder or careless attitude to its data. Today, due to the active use of modern technical devices, as well as the Internet, most often pieces of mosaic from the general information image of its right holder is randomly scattered in the Internet space. In order to hide the data, it is necessary to do it purposefully, in addition, you need to have certain skills and skills. And then, does anyone come to mind that about his person or organization someone wants to conduct an informational investigation?

In short, in order to extract the necessary information, the head assistant is enough to have access to the Internet, make the necessary requests, collect data and fully use their analytical abilities.

Spy motifs

The lack of information is the main motive for replenishing the information reserve. It is known that the actions taken in the conditions of the deficit of information can lead to unpleasant consequences. Goaling in the "Information Investigation" plays a big role, on the one hand, in determining the expected result, on the other - in choosing sources to search for the necessary data. In professional activities, an assistant manager can receive various orders from its bosses regarding the search for any kind of information. Their list is individual, and probably its boundaries are unbarrous. However, it is possible to highlight the main situations, to resolve which the head assistant will be useful to resort to the collection of additional information.

Interview.Changing the place of work and the search for new requires responsibility and careful analysis of the data obtained about the employer. It happens that, according to one or several stages of the interview, not enough data for the adoption of a weighted decision "for" or "against". Or due to the fact that the employer did not provide the necessary materials due to the lack of time or simply without giving them importance, or because of the desire to intentionally hide them. In any case, representatives of the company are hardly ready for an interview to answer "thin" private issues to be honest, for example, questions about wage delay, teaching of personnel or related problems in the organization.

If there are source data, the head assistant is recommended until the interview is published to find a maximum of useful information about the company: on the one hand to progress and ask the necessary questions, on the other - to be able to show professionalism and shine awareness and preparedness to the meeting.

Professional tasks. The activities of modern organizations are inevitably associated with cooperation between each other. Each company has partners, customers, contractor performants, etc. For example, before the conclusion of a contract with a certain company for the supply of products or the provision of services, the lawyer requests the necessary package of documents containing the minimum or maximum full list - depending on the requirements of your organization to counterparties. A lawyer does not always check companies, in some cases it makes the head assistant on behalf of his superiors. Therefore, the search for information about the new company or his leadership can be responsible for a personal assistant.
Personal and professional contacts. The assistant manager communicates every day with a large number of people (colleagues, contractors, new acquaintances on work or in private life). There are cases when for some reason it is necessary to collect additional information about a person, for example, when receiving a new employee: who he worked earlier than he was fond of, whether there are some shortcomings in a professional biography, etc. Regarding personal contacts, additional knowledge will not be superfluous, since in most cases people tend to hide personal information about themselves (at best, due to simple human suspicion, at worst - when there really is something to hide).

In large organizations, the so-called often created. security Service. It is engaged in professional search for all information about individuals or organizations, if it requires the provision of business, economic, industrial safety of the company. As a rule, the specialists of this service have their own resources to guide and collect data. If your organization has a security service, it is recommended to refer to its specialists to obtain the necessary information from reliable sources.

Initial data

When conducting a "information investigation", no details are "small" or unnecessary. In addition, in conditions of lack of information, any information "hook" is the necessary hook for finding useful data step by step. "Hooks" to search for the necessary materials in the Internet space are true formulated queries, as well as any source data that the head assistant has currently possesses. It will be enough will be the most "modest", at first glance, news to start the search.

Request for the name of the organization:

will provide information on the name of the company's website;
allows you to get contact information;
will provide the search results for news and advertising resources;
give information about the field of activity, registration data, location, etc.

Request on FI. Head of the Organization or private person:

will help get information about the name of the company and the field of activity;
will allow you to familiarize yourself with the information of advertising, business, news resources;
will provide results in summary, biographies, reference materials;
will provide information on the "presence" in business and entertainment social networks, etc.

Request by company phone number or mobile phone number:

allows you to get information about the company in case this is the office phone number;
will provide information on the accessories of the mobile phone number to a specific region of Russia;
provide search data for advertising sites, ads, posted vacancies and offers of an organization or private person, etc.

On a note.These source data can be considered basic to further collect information. Search results for specified requests must be used as data for subsequent requests. For example, if only the organization's telephone number was known to be known, then according to the results of such a request, you can get data on the name of the organization, and next and information with the data of the leaders and founders.

Consider an example of finding information and use.

In the search engine, enter the initially known phone number. We obtain the following result (Fig. 1):

Further, on the name of the organization, we gain the following request and receive several sites with reference information about organizations. In this case, get acquainted with the results on the site rusprofile.. ru (Fig. 2).

In what cases can this information be useful?

The assistant of the head received a task to contact the editors of the magazine to accommodate advertising;
the assistant manager is instructed to prepare an official letter addressed to the Director General, but the name of the Director-General was not initially known;
the head received a call with the definition of the phone number and the name of the contact person and the assistant asked to clarify, from which company called.

On requests according to FI., Phone number and name of the company Search engines, as a rule, provide many results with reference to various resources and sites. The head assistant is recommended to carefully familiarize themselves with the reference materials and carefully filter the useful data from the Spam, paying particular attention to the source of information: the official website of the organization in this case will be more reliable than, for example, an advertising and reference web resource.

Thus, having a minimum of source data and work skills with Internet search engines, the manager's assistant can find the necessary information or to receive additional data for further requests and continue the "information investigation".

"Elementary Watson!"

In the Internet space, each of the users somehow leaves his "tracks", and the information ever placed by him has "tails". So, when using queries in the Google search bar, Yandex or other search engines, an assistant can familiarize yourself with the information:

about published by the user ads on job search sites or employees, private announcements for the sale or purchase, on the services provided or requested;
about published news organizations or officials, participation in any business events, exhibitions, other activities of the company;
on the created summary and biographies, if it comes to a private person;
about the presence of social networks and groups;
about reviews about the company's products or reviews about the company as an employer and MN. Dr.

Even if the information on the search for work or employees, posted ads and news is not relevant, they are not always removed by the copyright holders - for forgetfulness or in the absence of need.

What and where are we looking for? How do we use?

Depending on which information task is to solve a personal assistant (whether to collect the most complete information or only the test of certain data on the organization or private person), other effective methods of searching for the Internet can be selected. The source data is also needed to use them (there is enough information about the name of the company, or contact data, or full name of the head or private person) (see Table).

Type of information and examples of its use

Type of information	Examples of using
Complete name of the company and its activities	The full name, organizational and legal form and officially registered types of activities are the main information about the company. It will be useful both when looking for a new job to collect data on the employer and in the work of a personal assistant to verify the activities of a partner or counterparty. Often unscrupulous employees of organizations represent their companies as "large" or even "international", and in fact it turns out that these are ordinary IP, the list of activities of which are not included in the work for which your company planned to attract them
Registration date in government bodies	The registration date of the enterprise in state bodies is important if there are many years of experience of the counterparty or partner in a particular area for your organization. For example, if a company told you that is present on the market for more than 10 years, and in fact registered a few months ago, it can cause doubts about the solidity and reliability of the company. Information on the length of the functioning of the enterprise will be useful both in the professional work of the assistant manager, and in case it is necessary to collect the most complete data on the new employer
Data on founders and managers of the organization	Information on the management and founders of the company may include information on the number of founders, their Full name, participation shares, the number of managers and their full name. The benefits of this data is that they can serve as the basis for the subsequent search for information. For example, knowing the founders and managers of the company, it is necessary to make a further request on FI. and the participation of these persons in the activities of other organizations. Thus, it is possible to understand how "large" are the founders, and if their shares of participation are great, maybe they are investors of several companies. According to the search results, you can go on and familiarize yourself with the activities of new companies found - to create the most clear picture of the business activity of its participants. In addition, additionally received data on founders and directors can be analyzed from different points of view. For example, if in the list of persons the same names are likely to be a family. If family names are found, perhaps the company has connections with foreign partners or head organizations
Addresses and phone numbers	The need for contact data is difficult to overestimate. They fulfill their main role: make it possible to contact the organization or individual employees. However, sometimes it makes sense to make additional requests at the address of the organization and on its phones. It happens that one and the same address of the company may be several legal entities. Such are often both subsidiaries and third-party organizations. In addition, unscrupulous organizations are often resorted to registration by the same address, not having funds for renting a full-fledged office. Then at certain conditions a legal address is bought, and in fact the company is not located at the specified address. At the request of the assistant manager, the company's telephone may appear in various "responses" of the search engine. It is necessary to carefully familiarize themselves with the results to understand whether there are information in them, for example, about the recording of the phone number in black lists of employers, etc.
Address of the official website of the enterprise	The address of the company's official website is a very informative resource: if the organization has no site, then the company probably has no funds for its creation or it was created relatively recently; imported the volume of information provided by the Company: availability or lack of data on managers, employees, news, information about partners or customers, etc.; the site creation date and its interface talk about when the site was created and how professionally completed technically and in terms of design; the presence or absence of contact data (see above); the address of the site domain contains additional information, with which there is an option for additional check.
Size of the share capital of the company	Of great importance is the size of the statutory ripatal of the organization. There is a minimum amount of share capital, and many companies are limited when registering. However, if the company supplies to your enterprise products or provides services for the amount, in dozens or hundreds of times greater than its authorized capital, it is worth remembering that in case of unfair work or delivery, your organization will only receive what is in the company's fund
Availability of debts before tax authorities	Data on the absence of debts is only a plus and talk about the company as a conscientious taxpayer. However, the presence of debts before tax authorities, as the size of these debts, it is necessary to consider. In case of employment, it will be useful to know if the company does not have debts before the Pension Fund. In cooperation, the company as with a counterparty or debt partner can be an indicator of its unfair business approach or an unprofitable
Participation in legal proceedings	Information on participation in legal proceedings is important, however, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with their content. It is one thing - non-payment of fines for the wrong parking of a service car, another - labor disputes or other serious affairs. It is also important to consider, the company performed in the role of the plaintiff or the defendant
Disqualification of official	It happens that officials of organizations, whether leaders or other officials, are disqualified in court in accordance with the legislation. This information will be useful for analyzing new partner companies or employment to work. This is especially important for the head assistant, whose work is directly related to the professional activities of the authorities.
Contact Email Address	At the address of the organization's e-mail or its employee can be judged by its "solidity". As a rule, in modern organizations it is customary to use corporate email addresses posted on their domains (domain address after @ icon), for information security and indicator of a certain corporate culture. If the company's address is located on a public server, such as Mail.Ru or Yandex.ru, it makes sense to additionally check it by introducing a request to the address in the search bar. According to the search results, you can analyze in which articles the address was used, in which ads was listed and did it be in black user lists
Telephone number	By a mobile phone number, you can find out his belonging to a certain company - whether it appears on the search results in the announcements on behalf of a legal entity. In addition, it can be fixed on private ad sites - it will be useful to familiarize yourself with their content. It is necessary to pay attention, is it not listed in any black user lists and is there no comments for him. In addition, by a mobile phone number, you can find out its belonging to a specific telephone operator and region
Personal data	In order to characterize the personality of the future leader, new colleagues or those with whom the assistant manager intersects at the current job of work, personal data is often useful. Marital status, photos, hobbies, communication style, a circle of friends, interests - all this is often available in social networks. It is not recommended to spend time on finding such information from idle interest, however, for the additional characteristics of the person, social networks can provide a personal assistant with different data: both positively and adversely characterize identity
Employee reviews, Lists of Employers	Feedback from former employees of organizations, as well as those who participated in the interviews conducted by the Organization, are important if the assistant manager plans to implement its professional activities in it. It costs that there are always "offended" and "dissatisfied", it is not recommended to draw conclusions based only from feedback and comments from individuals. However, it is necessary to take them into account and compare with other data about the company. In addition, there are official resources that periodically publish lists of both the best and unscrupulous employers.

On the Internet there are many resources offering to provide users with information about the organization. At the same time, there are those on which information is presented in free access, as well as commercial sites. Often paid web pages are offered to provide you with money for money that on another page you will find completely free. Do not hurry to pay for the first information, carefully examine the available resources, incl. Reliable sources - official sites of various services before resorting to a tax request.

Reference.As a rule, data on companies published on reference resources are obtained from open sources (EGRULT AND ROSSTAT) and do not fall under the federal law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" (as amended by 07/21/2014) According to Art. 6 of the Federal Law of 08.08.2001 No. 129-FZ "On the State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs" (as amended by 03/30/2015; from about 05/18/2015).

www.egrul.nalog..ru . The official website of the Federal Tax Service will provide an assistant to the head free information published in accordance with legislation and is not confidential. This resource allows you to get data at once in several positions specified in the table.

Necessary source data for search: the name of the legal entity or IP, OGRN or INN (Fig. 3).

In this case, we carry out a search by the name of the legal entity. The region of location input is not necessary, but if there are such information, they are recommended to specify to obtain the most complete search results. After entering the data, click the button To find And we obtain the result (Fig. 4).

When searching on the website of the Federal Tax Service, results in PDF format appear. Documents are available for download and contain full information about the registration of the company: data on founders, managers, on the date of registration, registered activities, address details, etc. (Fig. 5).

The tax service resource is also convenient because it provides the ability to search for other databases, which can be used for free by clicking on the desired link and entering the source data necessary for the query. The assistant of the head will easily find information about disqualified persons, legal entities that have tax debt, and other useful data.

It is worth noting that additional information may be needed to search, for example, to search for debts - Inn taxpayer (Fig. 6). If initially INN was not known, it could be viewed in information on the registration of legal entities obtained from the search results for the company name.

Signs of one-day companies

Extraction
From the publicly available criteria for self-assessment of risks for taxpayers used by tax authorities in the process of selecting objects for conducting tax audits,
Approved by the Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia of 30.05.2007 No. MM-3-06 / [Email Protected]
"On approval of the concept of planning system of field tax checks"
(as amended from 10.05.2012)

[...] When assessing tax risks that may be associated with the nature of relationships with some counterparties, the taxpayer is recommended to investigate the following signs:

The lack of personal contacts of the leadership (authorized officials) of the supplier company and leadership (authorized officials) of the buyer's company when discussing the delivery conditions, as well as when signing contracts;

Lack of documentary confirmation of powers of the head of the contracting company, copies of the document certifying his identity;

Lack of documentary confirmation of the powers of the representative of the counterparty, copies of the document certifying his identity;

Lack of information on the actual location of the counterparty, as well as the location of warehouse and / or production and / or retail space;

Lack of information on the method of obtaining information about the counterparty (no advertising in the media, there are no recommendations of partners or other persons, there is no counterparty site, etc.). In this case, the negativity of this feature is aggravated by the availability of available information (for example, in the media, outdoor advertising, Internet sites, etc.) on other market participants (including manufacturers) identical (similar) goods (works, services), including meetings offering their products (works, services) at lower prices;

Lack of information on the state registration of counterparty to the register (shared access, the official website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia www.nalog.ru).

The presence of such signs indicates a high degree of risk of qualifying a similar counterparty by tax authorities as a problematic (or "one-day"), and transactions committed with such a counterparty are dubious.

Additionally increase such risks the simultaneous presence of the following circumstances:

The counterparty with the above features acts as an intermediary;

The presence in contractual contracts differ from the existing rules (customs) of business turnover (for example, long-term delay of payment, delivery of large batches of goods without prepayment or warranty of payment, non-inflated with the consequences of violation by the Parties to contracts with penalties, calculations through third parties, payments bills, etc. P.);

Lack of obvious evidence (for example, copies of documents confirming the presence of the production capacity of the production capacity, the necessary licenses, qualified personnel, property, etc.) the possibilities of real fulfillment by the counterparty terms of the contract, as well as the availability of reasonable doubts about the possibilities of real fulfillment of the contractual terms of the contract, taking into account the time required for the delivery or production of the goods, the performance of work or the provision of services;

Acquisition through the intermediaries of goods, the production and preparation of which is traditionally made by individuals who are not entrepreneurs (agricultural products, secondary raw materials (including scrap), production of fishery, etc.);

The lack of real actions of the payer (or its counterparty) to recover the debt. The growth of the debt of the payer (or its counterparty) against the background of continuing the delivery to the debtor of large parties of goods or significant amounts of work (services);

Issue, purchase / sale by counterparties bills whose liquidity is not obvious or not examined, as well as issuing / obtaining loans without collateral. At the same time, the negativeness of this feature exacerbates the lack of conditions for interest on debt obligations of any kind, as well as the duration of the repayment of these debt obligations for more than three years;

The essential share of the transaction costs with "problem" counterparties in the total amount of the taxpayer costs, while the lack of economic substantiation of the feasibility of such a transaction with the simultaneous absence of a positive economic effect on its implementation, etc.

How to check the company-counterparty on "reality"?

Use electronic services on the website of the FNS of Russia(http://www.nalog.ru/):

« Information on persons in respect of which the fact of the impossibility of participation (implementation of management) in the organization is established (confirmed) in court "(https://service.nalog.ru/svl.do.). According to OGRN or the INN of the Organization, you can find out if the person who, according to the incorporation, is, is the head or founder of the organization, that it has nothing to do with it;
« Information published in the magazine "Bulletin of State Registration", on the decisions adopted by the registering authorities on the upcoming elimination of invalid legal entities from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (http://www.vestnik-gosreg.ru/publ/fz83/). Such a decision tax may adopt if the company has not submitted tax reports during the year and did not conduct operations at least one bank account. The exclusion of the company from the Incorption is equal to its liquidation, and therefore it cannot conclude and execute contracts.

Our advice: Print or save on your computer Internet page (screenshots) with information about the company. This will help in the future to prove that you conducted a check.

Request copies of the following documents:

charter of the organization;
certificates of state registration of the organization;
certificates of registration of the organization for accounting in the tax authority at the place of its location;
decisions on the election (appointment) of the head of the organization;
passports of the head of the organization (p. 2, 3);

By the way: The validity of the passport can be checked by its series and number using the service "Check on the list of invalid Russian passports" on the FMS website of Russia ( http://services.fms.gov.ru/info-service.htm?sid\u003d2000.).

licenses if the transaction with the organization lies in the framework of the licensed activity. In addition, information on licenses issued by the company can be checked on the sites of licensing authorities;
accounting reporting for the year preceding the year of the transaction. The accounting reporting data of the organization for any period can also be obtained free of charge in Rosstat (provided that the company gives accountability to statistical authorities). To do this, you need to send a request to any territorial body of Rosstat according to the approved form.

The results of the verification can be issued as a certificate and submit to the manager.

Video Instructions for Checking Counterparty - On the sitehttp://egrul.nalog.ru/.

www. fSSprus.. ru . The official website of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia provides users with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the Bank of Executive Production and to search, using a simple form (http://fssprus.ru/iss/ip/) (Fig. 7).

The database contains information on legal, individuals. In order to search, it is necessary to enter according to the physical, legal entity, or in a separate search form tab - the executive number, if it is known (Fig. 8).

Note!In contrast to the Federal Tax Service website, the introduction of data on territorial bodies on the FSSP website is mandatory.

If a company or an individual has any debt and the executive proceedings are initiated in their respect, then the following data will receive the following data in the search results: the full name of the company and the address of the location, the number and date of the excitation of the enforcement proceedings, the details of the executive document, as well as the amount of the outstanding Debt. In the example, some table data are deleted, however, the columns are stored for visibility to display the search results.

www. rusprofile.. ru . The RUSPROFile project is a reference system by companies that you can use to quickly search for the organization, contact data and registration information.

In the "Companies" section, you must enter the name of the enterprise and get the search results (Fig. 9).

The problem of searching and means of its organization

Giant and continuously increasing volumes available in Internet information, incl. Operative, makes the problem of finding the necessary information very relevant and complex. The search speed of the necessary information determines a largely professional professionalism of the Internet. It is worth saying, to automate the task, various, both foreign and domestic search systems, which are a special type Web pages are developed. At the same time, despite the presence of numerous search automation tools, this task remains fairly time consuming, requiring a user of a certain experience, intuition, the knowledge of the terminology used in its subject area.

According to the assessment published in the NATURE journal of July 8, 1999, the number of publicly indexed Web pages was 800 million a year later. The author of the study (Steve Lawrence from the NEC Research Institute Institute) believed that their number had increased almost twice - to 1.5 billion even the best search engines index no more than one page out of six. It is worth saying, in order to extract useful information from the Internet, you need to know where and how to search.

Available in Internet Explorer The search tool makes it easier to access the search tools, eliminating the knowledge of the addresses of search engines. In this case, it is better to directly access the search engines by downloading the page.

By the way of organizing the search and on the capabilities provided, all search tools can be conditionally divided into the following groups:

catalogs and specialized databases;

search engines;

metapoisk systems.

Catalogs and databases

Catalogs in www are similar to systematic library catalogs. The search for catalogs consists in a sequential movement on the hierarchical list of links, called rubrics or categories. On the first page of the catalog contains links to large topics, such as culture and art; Medicine and health; Society and politics; Business and economics; Entertainment and others. Clicking the mouse on the link (categories) opens a page containing links detailing the selected topic (heading) moving down the detailed categories, you can find the page with the necessary information. On each page opened when moving through the catalog in one way or another, the sequence of viewed embedded columns, such as Business Peace: Finance: Analytics, etc.

All catalogs are created and maintained in the current manually by experts, similar to the bibliographs and support library directories. It is appropriate to note that the document description is made either by the writers of the catalog or the author. Thanks to ϶ᴛᴏ, the content of the pages included in the catalog most adequately uses the category, they are related to the ke. But, given the speed of replenishment and change information on the Internet, "manual" way of keeping directories does not allow equivalent to reflect the real state of Internet resources on this topic.

Search engines

(Search engines, search servers, search robots)

There are dozens of large and thousands of small and specialized Web nodes designed to search on the Internet. The search tools for the group will allow the user according to certain rules to formulate the requirements for the information you need (using the query language to create a request) After the search engine automatically views the documents on controlled (indexed) sites and selects those of them, Kᴏᴛᴏᴩy, "according to »Search server, the user's formulated requirements (relevant query) in search nodes can be used their own Internet indices, which are constantly updated by special programs, called spiders (Spiders) Speaker program examines a Web by checking each link on this page, then on pages addressed to addressed references, etc., and reports to the owner information about all pages for subsequent indexation.

As a result of the search, one or more pages are created containing references to the relevant request documents (Web Pages) It is worth saying, for each reference, the date of creation of a document is also indicated, its volume, the degree of relevance to the request, text fragments, characterizing the content of the document. Clicking the mouse on this link allows you to download the page's interest. In the case of a very large number of documents found, you can refine the search and to repeat the search with it, but only among selected pages (such a search in different machines is called differently, but usually ϶ᴛᴏ - search in the found) in a number of search machines can be in a certain way Change the link to the page, the content of Kᴏᴛᴏᴩu most satisfies your needs, and repeat the search, demanding to look for this.

The advantage of automated search is essentially that it provides a view of very large amounts of information available in the Internet at the moment. At the same time, the complexity of the accurate description of the query adequately reflecting your information needs, as well as the greater complexity of the task of automatically determining the degree of ςᴏᴏᴛʙᴇᴛςᴛʙia, your request viewed pages leads to the fact that the number of pages selected "from the first right" traditionally or very little, or excessively large . In general, the search using the search engine is an iterative (multi-part) process, as a result of the order, the form of the query is gradually specified.

Metapoisk systems

As noted above, any search engine views a specific set of servers and selects documents in ςᴏᴏᴛʙᴇᴛςᴛʙi with criteria inherent in it. As a result, the search for various systems according to the same keyword gives various results. This led to the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating so-called metapoisk (or multipoisk) systems, which are not searched for anything, but they seek at once to multiple search engines. Note that each of the metapoisk systems has a query language. The system translates the query languages \u200b\u200bformulated in its language used by each search engine. Further, the search results by all systems are combined and seemed in the form. Naturally, the search with metapoisk systems takes more time compared to conventional search systems.

Overview of the most popular search engines

There is a large number of search engines in the Internet, and each user is focused on the one, he was used to it, or he advised his colleagues. We use the brief description of the most popular search engines, Kᴏᴛᴏᴩaya is given on one of the sites.

1. Google (www.google.com) The fastest and largest search engine. More than 1.3 billion pages were indexed (from them completely - a little more than 700 million, about the rest, only the address and text of the link is known for the rest) normally searches for Russian-speaking resources (of course, without word for form), it is possible to choose the interface language. You can include / eliminate the results from certain sites and / or domains. Unlike most search engines, Google estimates the popularity of the resource by the number of links leading to it from other pages. There is a thematically oriented search - Apple Macintosh, BSD UNIX, Linux, US Government and University Searches - search in the resources of leading scientific and educational institutions.

2. Index (www.yandex.ru) is the best of the search engines of domestic production. Indexes mostly Russian-speaking resources, when they are not inferior to foreign systems. The search can be carried out exactly or in any wordware, with a restriction by date, indicating the site or its subdirectoria. You can keep a search with the so-called cyting index, search for images, scripts, applets; Set the document language. The necessary reinforcement reveals already in the first dozen results. It has a "lightweight" version (with a minimum design elements) at http://www.ya.ru.

3. Altavista (www.altavista.com) provides a large extension of the search criteria: in Advanced Search, there is a selection of a segment of time, it includes the date of creation or resource change, support 25 languages; There is an opportunity to issue one result on the site (϶ᴛᴏ narrows the search circle without prejudice to quality) Power Search has a standard set of features. Until recently, AV was a major portal, but for reasons of financial (and not only) character significantly reduced the number of services.

4. Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) It is important to notice that one of the first search servers on the Internet. In addition to the standard set of functions, allows you to select resources by date (4 years, 1, 3, 6 months, week, 1, 3 days) supports the ability to specify the "*" sign instead of any sequence of characters in keywords. On Yahoo! A large structured category categorical catalog (Categories) was compiled. First, the search is carried out in them, then in its own archive, then with the use of the Google system. The search in categories gives good results - their little and good.

5. Lycos (www.lycos.com) Recently - one of the most popular systems. With all this, no special features provide - "and" "or", search for phrases, compulsory presence / absence of a word; In advanced features - search in the title, URL, host name and / or domain name; 25 languages, including Russian, - in a word, the whole "generally accepted" set. You can specify the type of resource content - auto, books, ftp, download, news, etc. Obviously, Lycos's popularity is a consequence of a large scale scale.

6. Rambler (www.rambler.ru) until recently the most famous Russian search engine. Advanced search does not allow to search for phrases, and the usual search until February was rarely given acceptable results. Since February in the system, an improved search mechanism has been used, the design has been replaced, but the Rambler did not even equalize with Yandex and Aport (according to the author who conducts analysis of search engines) on the site there is a rating catalog of resources Rambler Top 100, one of the recognized Sources of statistical information about Internet projects.

7. Aport (www.aport.ru) Another good Russian search server. The search is carried out in the text (only in all wordforms) and on the URL, using logical operators and operator "..." (however, stop-words are still ignored in the phrase), by date and in separate fields (name, description, etc. ), Meta-symbols are supported * and! Presentation of search results is most well designed compared to other Russian search engines. Some doubts cause the design of the main page, which is clearly overloaded with information. There is a little more "light" version at http://aport.ru.

How to choose a search engine

When searching for the Internet, two components are important - fullness (nothing is lost) and accuracy (nothing superfluous) usually ϶ᴛᴏ Everybody is called in one word - relevance, that is, the answer is.

1. Coverage and depth

The coverage refers to the volume of the search engine base, which is measured by three indicators - the total amount of indexed information, the number of unique servers and the number of unique documents. Under the depth it is understood - whether there is a restriction on the number of pages or the depth of the directory on the same server.

How to check: some cars write on the website the statistics of the robot. But you can check it yourself - you need to set several search queries consisting of one word (ɥᴛᴏ to exclude the impact of the query language, incl. - Different interpretation of the space), and when we look at the statistics of the results issued by the machine - usually at the beginning of the list It is indicated how much documents were found. In addition to the fact that words should be from different areas, it is good to take the words of different scales - rare, "medium" and "heavy" (frequency), and compare the number of found. Heavy words, in particular, test full-text (indexing of all words document) search engine.

The depth of driving a robot is more complicated - for ϶ᴛᴏgo it is necessary to take some sites, for example, with an extensive structure of archives, and check whether the documents are indexed, it is possible to get only, for example, for 6 clicks on the links.

2. Bypass and relevance of links

The network bypass speed shows how quickly the indexation of the freshly added resource is occurring and how quickly information is updated in the database. We should not forget that an important indicator of the quality of the search engine (its robot) will not only capture new territories: but also tracking the state of the already covered. The servers disappear and will win, the pages on them are updated. Links, Kᴏᴛᴏᴩy gives a search engine in the list of the found, must, firstly, exist, and, secondly, their content should be inquiry.

How to check: An objective information can be obtained by analyzing the logs of servers - the search engine robot is usually the name of the machine (or in a similar way), so that you can see how often it happens on the server, how many pages looks through, etc. Unfortunately, it is usually possible to study only a site of the site, the experimental method remains.

To determine the scave speed, you need to create somewhere page of the text, add it to search engines and see how quickly it starts to be. Or change the already existing page. It is worth saying, to determine the relevance of links - check the documents at least on the first page of the list found in several requests. NOT FOUND message suggests that the document no longer exists.

3. Search quality (subjective indicator)

It is worth saying that each search engine has an algorithm for sorting search results. The closer to the top of the list it turns out the document you need, the better the relevance is working.

How to check: only by experiment. Recommended for comparison to make requests for different lengths. You can also use the query language, with ϶ᴛᴏm those who reluctance read description, can use the expanded request page ("Advanced Search" in Aport and Yandex, "Detailed Request" in Rambler - Translation Options to Russian Advanced Search)

In addition to relevance, there are important user characteristics.

4. Search speed

In case the search engine responds slowly, it is ineffective to work with it. It is worth adding that the speed-visible speed depends not only on the search engine itself, but also from Internet channels.

How to check: by experiment - it is necessary to search for inquiries of different lengths, different<тяжести> Words and at different times of the day (loading servers is significantly uneven on days, peak - about three to four hours of the day)

5. Search capabilities (work with the language of the document, query language)

Another comparison point is that it is and how the search engine makes it in the index. It is worth saying - a full-text search engine indexes all words visible to the user text. The presence of morphology makes it possible to find the desired words in all declines or suits. In addition to ϶ᴛᴏgo, there are tags in the HTML language, which can also be processed by the search engine (headlines, links, signatures to pictures, etc.)

The language of requests in the form of standard logical operators (and, or, not) is almost all machines. Some know how to search for phrases or words at a predetermined distance - ϶ᴛᴏ is often important for a reasonable result. An additional opportunity will be a search in the dock zones - headlines, links, keywords (Meta Keywords), etc. An additional ability to language of requests is a natural language request, which does not require knowledge of operators.

How to check: Typically, this information is published on the search engine server (in Help "E), we note that it is nevertheless it is recommended to check in real quantities, since sometimes the desired is issued for valid.

6. Additional amenities

These are additional features, Kᴏᴛᴏᴩy gives users a search engine. This includes all sorts of search options (specialized pages, search for similar documents, search area restriction), and list of servers found, and search for dates and servers, and a convenient search engine interface, and the possibility of his personalization.

How to check: information can be partially published on the search engine server, but it is best to try to work with these features yourself.

It is clear that the specified analysis will take some time. In addition to ϶ᴛᴏgo, search engines, like the whole Internet, do not stand still. At the same time, given that the search for information is one of the important components of computer technologies, it is worth paying enough attention - at least not less than the ability to work on the local network.

At yandex.ru, a survey was conducted: why do you need the Internet and what is missing in it (http://www.yandex.ru/polling/9.html) in descending order of the survey data were distributed as follows: the Internet is used as a directory (23, 76%), research tool (15, .45%), entertainment (14.15%), and only in fourth place - the news source (12.32%) optimisticly sounded that 10% of users are always, and 73% often manage Find the desired information. And not enough on the Internet: information, good search and order (including: orderliness, structures, structural structures, structuring, as well as systems, systematization, systematic, systematic and systematicization)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

What are the ways to organize the search existing on the Internet?

How is the search for information in directories and databases?

How is the information in directories and databases entered?

What does the Internet relate to search engines?

How is the information database in search engines formed?

How does the search for information in search engines begins?

What is a request?

How is the search for information in search engines?

What do you understand the relevance of the request?

What can be done in the case of a very large number of documents found with further search?

What is metapoisk systems?

What is the principal difference between metapoisk systems from ordinary search engines?

Which of the following systems will be metapoisk:

What are the most popular domestic search engines?

What are the most popular overseas search engines?

What two components are important when searching for information on the Internet?

What characteristics determine the efficiency of search engines when searching for information on the Internet?

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Intellectual Rights to Material - Information Computer Networks - Borisov N.A., Lukin A.A. belong to its author. This manual / book is posted exclusively for informational purposes without engaging in a commercial turnover. All information (including "Topic 3. Search for information on the Internet") is collected from open sources, or added by users free of charge.
For the full use of information of the information project, the site project site strongly recommends purchasing a book / Information Computer Network - Borisov N.A., Lukin A.A. In any online store.

Tag Block: Information Computer Networks - Borisov N.A., Lukin A.A., 2015. Topic 3. Search for information on the Internet.

The Internet provides unlimited access to information resources, both in the field of legal science and practical lawmaking. Search engines greatly facilitate the task of finding the necessary information, any data, articles, monographs and programs. Internet resources are becoming an effective means of acquiring new knowledge, and also implement access to electronic versions of not only legal journals and newspapers, but also to a multitude of legal literature available both in free and paid form.

Almost any lawyer can try themselves as a "remote consultant" on legal issues. For this, it is not necessary to create a personal web page, it is enough to become a member of one of the already existing Internet projects. For example, the so-called "Virtual Legal Advice" (www.uristy.ru) enjoys very popular in the domestic Internet (www.uristy.ru). Any specialist who has legal education can take part in this consultation, can only register in the system.

But it is impossible not to noted that the availability and simplicity of information placement, as well as the almost complete independence of the servers from each other on the Internet, has turned the world achievement in chaos. That is why the year from the year the problem of finding the necessary information on the Internet is becoming more and more relevant. This is especially important in conditions of limited time and in the case when the decision must be based on a specific document.

The easiest opportunity to find something is to enter keywords directly to the browser address line. The search occurs in the Microsoft WSN SEARCH system.

Fig.18 WSN SEARCH system

Another search method gives a search button on the browser panel. When using this button, the window is divided into two parts. On the left there is a string for entering keywords, a list of found pages, and you can view the selected pages on the right. You can use another search engine using the button. Tune In the panel Search.

Search engines internet:

Search engines can be divided into the following groups:

search catalogs

search engines or search pointers

Search directories.

Resource catalogs - global, local, specialized - are located in the database network with resource addresses. These databases may have a different amount of accumulated information. Usually they have a hierarchical structure.

Search directories are arranged on the same principle as thematic catalogs of large libraries. By contacting the address directory address, we find a list of thematic categories on its main page, such as "jurisprudence", "education", "Sport", etc.

Each entry in the list of categories is a hyperlink. Click on it opens the next search directory page, on which the selected topic is presented in more detail. Continuing to dive into the topic, you can walk to a list of specific web pages and choose the resource that is most suitable for solving your task. Also in the search directory, you can use the Search button to specify the search for the desired pages.

Search directories are created mainly by hand by highly qualified editors that view the WWW space, select what they think public interest and enter the addresses in the catalog.

Yahoo. (www.yahoo.com) -recognized as the most popular catalog worldwide. Possible search in Russian.

Russian catalogs:

« List. Ru» (www. list. ru),

"Constellation Internet" (www. stars.. ru),

"RUSSIA ON THE NET" (www.ru.) other.

Classification of information resources Internet

The classification of sources of information on the Internet can be carried out on different bases.

According to information presentation methods, the following types are selected:

Web pages are the most common and used of information resources. This resource is a hypertext pages. Pages along with the text may contain graphical, sound, video information;

File servers are a realization on the Internet of the traditional method of presenting information;

The teleconferences may be an important source of information. ʜᴎʜᴎ are divided into groups (rubrics) on topics. Participating in the bodies can write their message or send comments on someone else's message;

Databases are available through the Internet. They are often contained, except for textual, also other types of information.

Information resources are also divided into language feature. In almost all major languages \u200b\u200bare represented on the Internet, but the main language by virtue of the historically established traditions is English. A number of sites provide information in several languages.

The network has a classification and territorial sign. A number of sites provide its information for the consumer of a defined region, although access to the site is possible from any point of the network.

The most important aspect of the classification of information resources of the Internet is the content of information. Business information necessary for entrepreneurial activities, according to this criterion, can be divided into the following groups.

1. Information about firms, organizations. This group of information varies significantly in its filling for various organizations. Differences are determined by the degree of development of the Internet capabilities to promote products or services. There are three types of servers of this group (categories):

Internet presence servers. ʜᴎʜᴎ are divided into advertising and informing. The advertising server usually contains one or more pages. Informing server contains more detailed information about the company and its products or services provided;

Information servers. The goal of these servers is to provide various information to consumers. The servers of this group conduct information and analytical agencies and other structures, including state, whose activities are related to the provision of various kinds of information to consumers;

Interactive shops. Servers of this group provide sales of goods through the Internet. In this case, the following functions are implemented in electronic form:

Providing the client with extremely important information about the product or service;

Ordering;

Payment of the order (when using online payment systems);

Sending the goods received if the product is information.

2. Information on the state of the global economy and the economy of individual countries. This information is presented quite widely in the professional bases of the largest information and analytical agencies of the world. Servers of these agencies are part of the Internet information resources. At the same time, the information itself is usually paid. Information on the state of the national economy is usually placed on the servers of state structures responsible for state support for the economy, state statistical bodies, various economic institutions.

3. Information on the state of sectoral markets. Analysis of sectoral markets is carried out by specialized marketing and consulting agencies, as well as marketing services of firms or organizations. The results of these studies using the Internet can be obtained:

From the professional bases of the world's largest information agencies, finding information about the technologies of access to these bases on the Internet sites;

In the consulting or marketing agencies themselves, whose sites are also presented on the Internet;

In multidisciplinary and sectoral magazines publishing market reviews. Some publications, for example, the Multidisciplinary Magazine "Expert", represent on the websites of journal numbers. Others, like, for example, the magazine "Profile", posted publicly published materials.

4. Business news. The overwhelming majority of world news agencies provide consumers access to professional bases containing business news. From foreign agencies, the largest business news providers are Lexis-Nexis, Dialog, Reuters. Among domestic agencies should be allocated:

- Integroum-Techno, providing access to the materials of 250 central and largest regional newspapers, as well as foreign news;

RIA Novosti - State Information and Analytical Agency of the Russian Federation;

- "ITAR-TASS" - the State Information Body of the Russian Federation;

Interfax Agency, which is part of the International Information Group Interfax Information Services.

The Internet provides free access to the daily electronic newspaper "Gazeta.ru". A number of the largest newspapers have electronic versions on the Internet. Access to some of them is paid, for example, the electronic versions of the print publications of the Publishing House "Kommersant". To others, for example, to the electronic version of the newspaper "Arguments and Facts", is free.

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