Keyboard rows. We study the keyboard keys. left hand

Often, when you first get acquainted with a personal computer, the user has a question about what signs on the keyboard have and how to enter them. As part of this article, each key group indicating its purpose will be described in detail. Also, the method of entering non-standard characters using ASCII codes will also be set. This material is the greatest interest in those who work with a text editor, such as Microsoft Word or another similar application (OpenOffice Writer).

Functional set

Let's start with them on the keyboard 12 pieces. They are located in the highest row. Assign them depends on the open application at the current time. Typically, the tip is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and this is the most frequently performed operations in this program (for example, creating a directory in Norton Commander is "F7").

Keys and registers

A special key group is keys. They control the operation mode of another part of the keyboard. The first one is "CAPS LOCK". It changes the case of letters. By default, lowercase signs are introduced. If we once press this key once, then when you press the keys, it will appear this is the easiest and most convenient way to put signs on the keyboard with different register. The second key is Num Lock. It is used to switch the numeric keypad. When it is turned off, it can be used to navigate. But when turned on, it works as an ordinary calculator. The last key of this group is "SCROLL LOCK". It is used in tabular processors. With an inactive position, it goes to transition through cells, and when turned on, the sheet scrolls.

Control

Separately, it is worth considering the control keys. First of all it is arrows. They move the cursor to one position to the left, right, up and down. There is still page navigation: "PGUP" (Page Up) and "PGDN" (page down). To go to the beginning of the line, "HOME" is used, at the end - "END". The control keys belong to "SHIFT", "ALT" and "CTRL". Their combination switches the keyboard layout (it depends on the operating system settings).

When the "SHIFT" is swapped, the register of the entered characters changes and the ability to enter the auxiliary characters appears. For example, find out how to dial signs on the keyboard from this set. We introduce "%". To do this, clamp "SHIFT" and "5". A set of auxiliary characters depends on the active keyboard layout at the current time. That is, in the English layout, some signs are available, and in Russian - others.

We pay attention to the notation that is on the keyboard. Deleting a symbol on the left is "backspace", and on the right - "del". "Enter" - switch to a new string. Another special key is "Tab". In the table, it provides the transition to the next cell, and at the end adds a new line. For text, it leads to the appearance of "enlarged" indentation between characters. And in the file manager, its pressing leads to the transition to another panel.

Main set

The main set depends on the active layout at the current time. It may be russian or English. Switching between them is carried out using the "ALT" + "SHIFT" combinations on the left or "Ctrl" + "Shift". The selected combination is defined in the operating system settings. It is possible to find out the active combination by selecting. That is, press the first of them and look at the state of the language panel (located in the lower right corner of the screen). If the language change occurred, it means that we need a combination (for example, with "EN" on "RU" or vice versa). By default, the first one is set.

Letter signs on the keyboard are located in its central part and are divided into three rows. The more often the symbol is used, it is closer to the center, the less often it is further from it. That is, the letters are distributed not alphabetically, but at first to such a principle of organizing the distribution of signs is difficult to get used, but the more you work, the more get used to and understand that it is really convenient. Another nuance that needs to be taken into account. For short-term switching between capital and capital letters, it is better to use "SHIFT", and for a long dialing - "Caps Lock".

Numeric keypad

Another mandatory component of such input devices is a numeric keypad. It is located in his right part. She has two modes of operation: input and navigation. In the first case, signs on the keyboard are recruited (these are numbers and basic mathematical operations). This is convenient when working with a large and in the second version, the keys to move the cursor and page navigation are duplicated. That is, the arrows to move the marker, "pgup", "pgdn", "home" and "end" - all this is present here.

Switching between them is performed using the "NUM LOCK" key. When it is turned off (LED is inactive), navigation works, and when you turn on the digital set. If necessary, you can install the desired mode of operation after downloading the personal computer in the BIOS (it is better to make advanced users, because newcomers with this operation may have problems).

Punctuation marks

The punctuation marks on the keyboard are focused mostly near the SHIFT right-key. This is a point and comma. Also in the English version of the layout here are the remaining characters (colon, questioning and exclamation marks) are located on the main digital keyboard, which is located immediately under the function keys. To enter them, briefly clamp "SHIFT" and with it the corresponding button.

About what is not

And what about the signs that are not on the keyboard? Is it possible to get them somehow? The answer to this question is positive. There are two ways to set such characters. The first one implies the use of Word text editor. After starting it, go to the "Insert" toolbar and choose the "symbol" item. In the list that opens, choose "Other". Then the special input window opens. Here, using the navigation keys, we find the desired character and press "ENTER".

Additional signs on the keyboard can be typed in another way - using ASCII codes. It works in all Windows applications - the main plus. The minus it is to use a large code to remember. To begin with, find out the digital code of the Sign we need on the official website of Microsoft Corporation or in any other source, where there is a corresponding table, and remember it. Then go to the application you need.

We definitely include "NUM LOCK", clamp "alt" and on the numeric keypad on the right sequentially typed code found at the previous stage. At the end, you need to release the "Alt" and after that the desired symbol must necessarily appear. For example, "Alt" + "9829" combination is used to enter "". It is convenient to use for non-standard

Registration of text messages in chat or pages on social networks. After all, it is more convenient to remember the non-standard entry than the usual one. And this solution contributes to this.

RESULTS

Within the framework of this material, all signs on the keyboard, which today have been described. It is indicated to assign all keys and are given practical examples of work. Also showing a work technique that allows you to go beyond the usual set of characters using ASCII codes. All this in the amount will help the novice user thoroughly deal with the work of the keyboard and understand the basic principles of the functioning of a personal computer.

Pay attention to students that all computers, regardless of the operating system and brand, have a standard keyboard with alphabet letters, numbers and signs. The keyboard consists of four rows: the top row is numbers and special signs, the letters and punctuation signs are located. In the center of the keyboard, the keys are placed with letters that are most often repeated in the texts; More developed and moving fingers are served: index and medium.

The rows of the keyboard are located below: the 1st row is called the bottom, 2nd - the main, 3rd - the upper, 4th - digital. Studying keyboard Start from the second row. This row got the name of the main thing, since it is located on it the letters of the alphabet, most often repeated in the texts. From this series, located in the center of the keyboard, it is convenient to make the movement with your fingers when you punches during a letter within the zone allotted.

The figure shows the scheme of the Russian keyboard. The scheme gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe movement zones of the corresponding fingers to the desired keys, teaches to blind method letters ten fingers.

Particular attention to students should be paid to the location of the fingers on the keys of the main row (see Figure):

These keys are called the "main position".

The letters that are not included in this list are located on the so-called additional keys of the second, the main row of the keyboard.

The keys with letters are distributed as follows:

· Left hand: Mysinetse - F, Unnamed - s, medium - in, index - A;

· Right hand: index - o, medium - l, Unnamed - d, Mysinetty - g.

· To the left index finger - A, P, K, E, M, and;

· To the right indicative - o, p, n, g, t, b;

· To the left middle - y, in, s;

· To the right medium - sh, l, b;

· To the left nameless - c, s, h;

· To the right Unnamed - Sh, D, Yu;

· To the left Mizinza - y, f, I;

· To the right little man - Z, Well, E, X, Kommersant.

· Big fingers are pressed on the blank key.

At the initial stage, training blind decadent print method Conducted without registering. Registers, punctura signs, numbers, auxiliary characters - this is the next stage to which you can move, mastering the skill blind ten-paltse seal in the lower case (lower case letters). Practice shows that their study takes no more than 5-10% of the time spent on learning the lower keyboard register. Yes, and the location of them on different keyboards, in different operating systems differently.

Before learning to master the set of texts in Russian, pay attention to students on the following keys: Backspace., Delete., ENTER, Space..

· Key Backspace. Press the little finger of the right hand. This key is used to remove the symbol to the left of the cursor. It is designed to correct the errors that occur when typing.

· Action key Delete. Reminds the BACKSPACE key. It is also pressed by the mother's right hand. Used to remove a symbol located to the right of the cursor.

· Key ENTER Press the little finger of the right hand. Used to translate lines.

· Key Space. Press with a thumb left or right (currently at the moment) hands. It is designed to affix the gaps between words in the sentence.

Abstract lesson on the topic
"Keyboard. Groups of keys and their purpose »

Type of lesson:

Lesson studying new knowledge

Educational purpose of the lesson:

Study and primary consolidation of knowledge;
Actualization of leading knowledge;
Consider all key groups and their purpose.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational part (greeting, checking students present, record date and topics in notebook)

3 min.

2. Explanation of the new material

30 minutes.

3. Independent work of students

10 min.

4. Homework

2 minutes.

Lesson Abstract:

Modern computers can handle numeric, textual, graphic, sound and video information.

Microphones are used to enter sound information to the computer; Scanners, digital cameras and video cameras are used to enter complex graphic images, photos and video films; Number and text information can also be entered into computer memory using a scanner. But in order to work successfully on the computer, you need to know the keyboard - the most important input device in the computer's memory.

A computer device that is located in front of the display screen and serves to set texts and control the computer using the keyboard keys.

Carefully consider the computer keyboard.

All keys can be divided into several groups:

alphanumeric keys;

function keys;

control keys;

cursor control keys;

numeric keys.

In the center are located Alphanumeric keys , very similar to the keys of the usual typewriter. They are applied on them, special characters ("!", ":", "*", Etc.), the letters of the Russian alphabet, Latin letters. With these keys, you will dial all sorts of texts, arithmetic expressions, record your programs. At the bottom of the keyboard there is a large key without symbols on it - "Space". "Space" is used to separate words and expressions from each other.

Russian keyboards are bilingual, so the symbols of both Russian and English alphabets are drawn on their keys. In the Russian language mode, texts are recruited in Russian, English - in English.

Alphanumeric keyboard - The main part of the keyboard with alphanumeric keys on which characters are drawn, along with all closely adjacent control keys.

Figure 1 presents one of the types of alphanumeric keypad. Types of keyboard differ from each other by the form of some control keys and the location of the key with the Backslash symbol \\.

Alphanumeric keys are shown in white, governing - gray. On the left side of the keys, characters are drawn, which are recruited in English mode. On the right - symbols of the Russian language regime, if they differ from English. If the same character is recruited in both modes, this symbol is not drawn on the right.

F1 - F12 function keys Placed at the top of the keyboard are programmed to perform certain actions (functions). So, very often keyF1 Serves to callcertificates .

The place of entering the next symbol on the monitor screen is observed by a flashing dash -cursor .

For moving the cursor servecontrol keys cursor They depict the arrows directed upwards down, left and right. These keys move the cursor over one position in the appropriate direction. PageP and Pagedown keys allow you to "flipping" the document up and down, and the HOME and END keys translate the cursor to the top and end of the string.

Very often usedcontrol keys . They are not collected in one group, but are placed so that they are convenient to press.

KeyENTER (Sometimes it is depicted with the arrow) completes the command input and causes it to execute. When typing, it serves to complete the paragraph input.

KeyESC Located in the upper corner of the keyboard. Usually serves to refuse from just performed action.

KeysShift, Ctrl, Alt adjust the actions of other keys.

Digital keys - When the Num Lock indicator is enabled, a handy keyboard with numbers and arithmetic signs. Located, as on the calculator. If the NUM Lock indicator is turned off, the cursor control mode works.

Comment: The name "Num Lock" in the literal translation means "Fixing numbers"

Keyboard Equivalents

Ctrl + Z - Cancel
Ctrl + A - allocate all
Backspace - Go to top-level folder
Ctrl + Tab - Go from one tab to another
F4 - reveal the address string
F1 - Help
F10- Go to the SHIFT + F10 menu - call the context menu for the selected object
Ctrl + Esc - open the main menu
Ctrl + ESC - Press the Start button
alt + Tab - Go from one window to another (change of window activity) Alt + M - Collapse all windows
Win + R - open the Startup window window
Win + M - Collapse all open windows
Win + F1 - Call the Windows Reference System
Win + E - Call Windows Explorer
Win + F - find the file and folder
Ctrl + Win + F - Find Computer
Win + Tab - transition between taskbar applications
Win + Break - Call the system properties

Name of some characters:

/ - oblique trait (slash);
'- apostrophe;
& - ampersend;
$ - dollar;
~ - Tilda;
@ - commercial "fl" (or dog);
() - "open" closed bracket;
- "open" "closed" square bracket;
() - "open" "closed" curly bracket;
< > - Sign "Less" "more";
_ - underscore;
\\ - a beamless devil (Backslash);
# - lattice (dishes);
"" - quotes;
^ - cover (degree);
* - asterisk.

The keyboard is an electronic device containing inside the chip and other details. Therefore, it is necessary to handle it carefully and carefully. It is impossible to allow pollution of the keyboard dust, small garbage, metal paper clips. There is no need to knock on the keys. The movements of your fingers should be light, short and detachy.

The keyboard simulator is loaded for each computer.

Homework (guys are distributed with tasks).

1. Fill in the table.

Operation

Key or key combination

Switching the keyboard from the input mode of the Latin letters to the mode of entering Russian letters and back

Switching the keyboard from the input mode of the lowercase letters to the mode of entering the capital letters and back

Function of the mode of registration of uppercase letters / Failure to fix this mode

Getting symbols located with digitally in the top row of the keyboard

Removing a symbol standing to the right of the cursor

Removing a symbol standing from the left of the cursor

Enable on an additional keyboard working with numbers and marks of arithmetic operations

2. Slide the crossword "Inscriptions on the keys".

Horizontally:
1. Name keypad register keys (SHIFT).
3. Brief key name with which you can delete the character to the right of the cursor (DEL).
4. The inscription on the key, with which you remove the symbol located to the left of the cursor (Backspase).
7. The inscription on the key, translated into Russian as a "pause" (PAUSE).
9. Abbreviated Name Keys Control (Ctrl).
10. Inscription on the tab key (TAB).
12. The inscription on the key located next to the Pause key (ScrollLock).
13. The inscription on the key, by clicking which the action is canceled or out of some state (ESC).
14. The inscription on the key, which is sometimes called the most important key (ENTER).
16. Brief inscription on the key that translates the cursor to the page down page (PGDN).
Vertically:
2. Brief inscription on the key designed to switch the "Insert" / "Replacement" (INS) modes.
3. The full name of the key, with which the symbol is removed from the right of the cursor (delete).
5. The inscription on the key, by clicking which the upper case (Capslock) is fixed.
6. The inscription on the keys located on both sides of the "Space" key (ALT).
8. The inscription on the key, fixing the numeric mode of the digital keyboard (Numlock).
11. The inscription on the key that provides a crossing of the cursor at the beginning of the current line (HOME).
15. The inscription on the key that ensures the movement of the cursor at the end of the current line (END).

What do you think we fully learned to work on the computer? Of course not. We are still waiting for another journey to an amazing computer world.

Literature:

Magazine "Informatics and Education". 2005. №3.

Journal "Informatics in School." 2004. №6.

Magazine "Informatics and Education". 2004. №6.

Exercise number 2.

Subject: "Studying the keyboard. The main (second) range of keyboards, letters P R E »

purpose of work: Studying the main (second) keyboard series, the letters P R E. learn how the hands on the keyboard keyboard keys.

Put the hands blindly at the starting position: the fingers of the left hand on the letters f w in a, right - on the letters about L d. Check the position correctly.

To write the letter R, you need an index finger of my right hand to lift, take a little left and make a short, ripped off the punch key, then return your finger to the starting position (on the letter O). Similarly, they make a blow on the key, only with your left hand. Repeat this technique until confidence in motion (at least 15 times).

To strike, the e-Mysiper's right hand is delayed to the right, a rippled blow is made by the e key, and the finger returns to its original position (on the letter G). Repeat this technique until confidence in motion (at least 15 times).

Exercise 1:Write the letters n, p and e two lines through one sample space:

п П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П П

r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r

uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh

Task 2:Write words out of three letters each three lines through one sample space:

rad Rva Rod Rod Rage Paul Par Par Par under the gift gave headlights fever Era

Task 3:Write words from four letters each three lines through one sample space:

rada ripped Ford headlight harp

arap Aloe Orls Horde Lava

the fruit sailed the heat of the yard

Task 4:Write words out of five letters each three lines through one space bar:

cook reason fruit fire parade sobbed ripped radar

outlook Folding Firewood Yard Avral Lavra Rights

Strive for the error of the text set!

the right to give a rush thirst waiting for the widow of the conviction

fald Tin Fald Tin Argument

Task 5:Write each phrase 5 times sample:

dad waited a cook dad dug a basement

dad sold the headlights disappeared a couple of wolves

cook filed the fruits of ski twice fell

the water fell in dad dad continued

the widow was filed by the water of the otter sailed to the right

Task 6:Write each line five times sample:

wall Valv Var gave a gift two don't glad

genus rye rage ditch sex couples dust patch pyre pier

pal under the root of Zhor headlights LAD ERA ODA

arap Arp Allo Aloe Water Water Trees Water

drap yard Dara hole Rada Radva Rada Slear

it's time for pilaf Fruits Pores Couple Pava Polo Lapa

avral Widow of the entrance conclusion drew out the otter

support Tin Wheel Food Givered Drop Argument

dvors Ridel Radar Radar waited Fald

aurora twice arguments dollar to the right

feudded conclusions disappeared

cook really fires flooded breed

wire twice argument dollar frame

porcelain sobbed eager forged hydrogen basement

waterfall Varvara gave out expressed pulled out

fallen sailed wires Sale broke through

she craveled the loss of Radoval

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From the very beginning it is necessary to accustom oneself sitting without stitching, at some distance from the table. The height of the chair is such that the hand brushes lying on the keyboard formed an angle of about 90 degrees in the elbows. The original exercise should be well lit.

The letter keyboard consists of three rows, in the fourth there are numbers and signs, as well as the letter E.

The second one is called a number of alphabetic keyboard basic. Team keys labeled BUTand ABOUTdesigned to index fingers. This allows you to find them without looking. By putting index fingers on them, it is easy to install the rest in our place. It's for the left hand - In, s, f,for right - L, D, J.Thumbs are located above the bar in the lower row, it makes spaces. This is the initial position.

The imprint of the letter is obtained as a result of contact, so the "blow" must be done easily and detribably, otherwise it turns out a multiple repeat. The word "blow" came from the lexicon who worked on mechanical typewriters. There really was a blow to worked as a whole lever system and turned out. Therefore, the high-speed capabilities of the computer are much higher, after all, the fingers easily slide on the keyboard.

To "teach" a finger to write the desired letter, first perform exercises with repeated movements. For this, working finger makes a short light push-contact, the remaining fingers retain their positions over "their" keys.

By working out the letters of letters of letters and words from the main position and later, training on the phrases, it is necessary to monitor the brevity and rhythm of contact.

So that there was no temptation at least occasionally check out, make the keyboard closed. You can simply fix on the top surface of the table over the keyboard a tight sheet of paper or close it in another way. " Know»Keyboard, learning the right movements should fingers, and not eyes.

Role squata At first, a color distribution table of the finger distribution can be performed on the keyboard, which will teach the eye to look into the original and do not interfere with the letter process.

It should be trained regularly, long breaks lead to a loss of still fragile skill. But it should not be overworked, it will only lead to typos. It is useful to interrupt for the overall warm-up and rest of the eyes. All further exercises are performed only with a closed keyboard!.

Exercise 1.The keyboard is closed.

Install the fingers B. source positionon the convex labels on the keys A and O..

Write a few lines each letter of the main row, returning your fingers into the original position. Do not correct typos, but try not to repeat them. With each "shock" proclaim letter.

The gap between the words should be made by a thumb of that hand, which did not write the last letter of the previous word.

For a letter ETC and E. Neighboring finger from the main position is transferred to the desired letter and the short pressure is done, the rest of the fingers are in place,

Each word also write a few lines, but the latter should be without errors.