Diy zigzag antenna dmv calculation. Making and setting up an indoor antenna with your own hands. Different ways to make an antenna

In summer cottages, a television signal can rarely be received without amplification: it is too far from the repeater, the terrain, as a rule, is not uniform, and trees are in the way. For the normal quality of the "picture" antennas are needed. Anyone who knows at least a little how to handle a soldering iron can make an antenna for a summer residence with his own hands. Aesthetics outside the city is not given so much importance, the main thing is the quality of reception, simple design, cheapness and reliability. You can experiment and do it yourself.

Simple TV antenna

If the repeater is located within 30 km from your dacha, you can make the receiving part, which is the simplest in design. These are two identical tubes connected by a cable. The cable output goes to the corresponding input on the TV.

The design of an antenna for a TV in the country: it's very easy to do it yourself (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

What is needed to make this TV antenna

First of all, you need to find out at what frequency the nearest TV tower is broadcasting. The length of the "whiskers" depends on the frequency. The broadcasting band is in the range of 50-230 MHz. It is divided into 12 channels. Each needs its own tube length. The list of terrestrial television channels, their frequencies and parameters of a television antenna for self-production will be given in the table.

Channel number	Channel frequency	Length of the vibrator - from one end to the other end of the tubes, cm	Length of cables for the matching device, L1 / L2 cm
1	50 MHz	271-276 cm	286 cm / 95 cm
2	59.25 MHz	229-234 cm	242 cm / 80 cm
3	77.25 MHz	177-179 cm	187 cm / 62 cm
4	85.25 MHz	162-163 cm	170 cm / 57 cm
5	93.25 MHz	147-150 cm	166 cm / 52 cm
6	175.25 MHz	85 cm	84 cm / 28 cm
7	183.25 MHz	80 cm	80 cm / 27 cm
8	191.25 MHz	77 cm	77 cm / 26 cm
9	199.25 MHz	75 cm	74 cm / 25 cm
10	207.25 MHz	71 cm	71 cm / 24 cm
11	215.25 MHz	69 cm	68 cm / 23 cm
12	223.25 MHz	66 cm	66 cm / 22 cm

So, in order to make an antenna for a TV with your own hands, you need the following materials:

It would be nice to have a soldering iron, flux for soldering copper and solder on hand: it is advisable to solder all the connections of the central conductors: the image quality will be better and the antenna will work longer. Then the places of the rations must be protected from oxidation: it is best to fill it with a layer of silicone, it is possible - with epoxy resin, etc. As a last resort, seal it with electrical tape, but this is very unreliable.

This homemade TV antenna, even at home, will be made by a child. It is necessary to cut the tube of the length that corresponds to the broadcasting frequency of the nearby repeater, then cut it exactly in half.

Assembly order

The resulting tubes are flattened on one side. With these ends, they are attached to the holder - a piece of getinax or textolite 4-6 mm thick (see figure). The tubes are placed at a distance of 6-7 cm from each other, their far ends should be at the distance indicated in the table. They are fixed to the holder with clamps, they must be held firmly.

The installed vibrator is fixed to the mast. Now you need to connect the two "mustaches" through the matching device. This is a cable loop with a resistance of 75 Ohm (type RK-1, 3, 4). Its parameters are indicated in the extreme right column of the table, and how it is done - on the right side of the photo.

The middle cores of the cable are screwed (soldered) to the flattened ends of the tubes, their braid is connected with a piece of the same conductor. It is simple to get the wire: cut a piece from the cable a little larger than the required size and free it from all the shells. Strip the ends and screw them to the cable conductors (it is better to solder).

Then the center conductors are connected from two pieces of the matching loop and the cable that goes to the TV. Their braid is also connected with a copper wire.

The last action: the loop in the middle is attached to the bar, and the cable going down is screwed to it. The barbell is raised to the required height and there it is "tuned". To set up, two people are needed: one turns the antenna, the second watches TV and assesses the picture quality. Having determined where the signal is best received from, the hand-made antenna is fixed in this position. In order not to suffer with "tuning" for a long time, look where the neighbors' receivers (terrestrial antennas) are directed. The simplest antenna for a summer residence is made by hand. Set and "catch" the direction by turning it along its axis.

Watch the video on how to cut a coaxial cable.

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Looped from pipe

This antenna for giving with your own hands is a little more difficult to manufacture: you need a pipe bender, but the reception radius is greater - up to 40 km. The starting materials are practically the same: metal tube, cable and rod.

The bend radius of the pipe is not important. It is necessary that the pipe has the required length, and the distance between the ends is 65-70 mm. Both wings should be the same length and the ends should be symmetrical about the center.

Homemade antenna for TV: a TV signal receiver with a receiving radius of up to 40 km is made from a piece of pipe and cable (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

The pipe and cable lengths are shown in the table. Find out on what frequency the nearest repeater is broadcasting, select the appropriate line. Saw off the pipe of the required size (the diameter is preferably 12-18 mm, the parameters of the matching loop are given for them).

Channel number	Channel frequency	Length of the vibrator - from one end to the other, cm	Length of the cable for the matching device, cm
1	50 MHz	276 cm	190 cm
2	59.25 MHz	234 cm	160 cm
3	77.25 MHz	178 cm	125 cm
4	85.25 MHz	163 cm	113 cm
5	93.25 MHz	151 cm	104 cm
6	175.25 MHz	81 cm	56 cm
7	183.25 MHz	77 cm	53 cm
8	191.25 MHz	74 cm	51 cm
9	199.25 MHz	71 cm	49 cm
10	207.25 MHz	69 cm	47 cm
11	215.25 MHz	66 cm	45 cm
12	223.25 MHz	66 cm	44 cm

Assembly

The tube of the required length is bent, making it absolutely symmetrical about the center. One edge is flattened and welded / sealed. Fill in the sands, and close up the second side. If there is no welding, you can plug the ends, just put the plugs on good glue or silicone.

The resulting vibrator is fixed on the mast (rod). The central conductors of the matching loop and the cable that goes to the TV are screwed to the ends of the pipe, and then they are soldered. The next step is to connect a piece of uninsulated copper wire between the braided cables. The assembly is complete - you can proceed to the "setup".

Beer can antenna

Despite the fact that she looks frivolous, the image is much better. Checked repeatedly. Try it!

Outdoor beer can antenna

Putting it like this:

1. In the bottom of the can, drill a hole (5-6 mm in diameter) strictly in the center.
2. Pull the cable through this hole, take it out through the hole in the cover.
3. We fix this jar to the left on the holder so that the cable is directed to the middle.
4. We take out the cable from the can by about 5-6 cm, remove the insulation by about 3 cm, disassemble the braid.
5. We cut the braid, its length should be about 1.5 cm.
6. We distribute it over the surface of the can and solder it.
7. The center conductor sticking out 3 cm must be soldered to the bottom of the second can.
8. The distance between the two banks should be made as small as possible and fixed in some way. One option is sticky tape or duct tape.
9. That's it, the homemade UHF antenna is ready.

End the other end of the cable with a suitable plug, plug it into the TV socket. This design, by the way, can be used to receive digital television. If your TV supports this signal format (DVB T2) or you have a special attachment to your old TV, you can pick up the signal from the nearest repeater. You just need to find out where it is and direct your TV antenna, made with your own hands from tin cans, there.

Simple homemade antennas can be made from cans (beer or drinks). Despite the frivolity of the "components", it works very well, and it is made very simply

The same design can be adapted to receive VHF channels. Instead of 0.5 liter cans, put on 1 liter. Will accept the MV range.

Another option: if there is no soldering iron, or you do not know how to solder, you can make it easier. Tie two cans at a distance of several centimeters to the holder. Strip the end of the cable by 4-5 centimeters (carefully remove the insulation). Separate the braid, twist it into a bundle, make a ring out of it, into which you push a self-tapping screw. Make a second ring from the central conductor and thread a second self-tapping screw through it. Now, at the bottom of one cans, clean (with a sandpaper) a speck to which you screw the screws.

In general, soldering is needed for better contact: it is better to tin and solder the braid ring, as well as the place of contact with the metal of the can. But it turns out well on self-tapping screws, however, the contact is periodically oxidized and needs to be cleaned. How "snow" you will know - why ...

Antenna for digital TV do it yourself

Antenna design - loop. For this version of the receiver, you will need a wooden plank crosspiece and a TV cable. You will also need electrical tape, a few nails. Everything.

We have already said that to receive a digital signal, you only need a decimeter terrestrial antenna and an appropriate decoder. It can be built into TVs (new generation) or made as a hotel device. If the TV has the function of receiving a signal in the DVB T2 code, connect the antenna output directly to the TV. If the TV does not have a decoder, you will need to purchase a digital set-top box and connect the output from the antenna to it, and connect it to the TV set.

How to determine the channel and calculate the perimeter of the frames

In Russia, a program has been adopted according to which towers are constantly being built. By the end of 2015, the entire area should be covered with repeaters. Find the tower closest to you on the official website http: //xn--p1aadc.xn--p1ai/when/. The broadcast frequency and channel number are indicated there. The perimeter of the antenna frame depends on the channel number.

For example, on channel 37, broadcasting is carried out at a frequency of 602 MHz. The length of the wave is calculated as follows: 300/602 = 50 cm. This will be the perimeter of the frame. Let's calculate the other channel in the same way. Let it be channel 22. Frequency 482 MHz, wavelength 300/482 = 62 cm.

Since this antenna consists of two frames, the length of the conductor should be equal to twice the wavelength, plus 5 cm for the connection:

• for channel 37, we take 105 cm of copper wire (50 cm * 2 + 5 cm = 105 cm);
• for channel 22 you need 129 cm (62 cm * 2 + 5 cm = 129 cm).

Assembly

Copper wire is best used from the cable that goes to the receiver. That is, take the cable and remove the sheath and braid from it, freeing the central conductor of the required length. Proceed with care it cannot be damaged.

• for channel 37: 50 cm / 4 = 12.5 cm;
• for channel 22: 62 cm / 4 = 15.5 cm.

The distance from one nail to another should correspond to these parameters. Laying copper wire begins on the right, from the middle, moving down and further along all points. Only in the place where the frames come close to one another, do not short-circuit the conductors. They should be at some distance (2-4 cm).

When the entire perimeter is laid, the braid from a cable several centimeters long is twisted into a bundle and soldered (wound, if it is impossible to solder) to the opposite edge of the frame. Next, the cable is laid as shown in the figure, wrapping it with electrical tape (it is possible more often, but the laying route cannot be changed). Then the cable goes to the decoder (separate or built-in). All the antenna for giving with your own hands for receiving digital television is ready.

How to make an antenna for digital television with your own hands - another design - is shown in the video.

Content:

It is not necessary to say how firmly television has become part of our life, it is already well known. But sometimes it can happen that the television antenna becomes unusable. And it's good if the store where you can buy a new one is within walking distance. And what to do if this happened in the country, or in the village, where it is simply unrealistic to find a similar outlet nearby.

But your favorite movie or program will not wait until it becomes possible to get to the place where it is possible to purchase a new device. That's when you should think about the possibility of making an antenna for the TV with your own hands to be able to watch TV.

In fact, such work is not too difficult or requires any specific skills and knowledge (although a small number of them will still come in handy) - making a TV antenna is quite simple.

Now we will try to understand what is required to make a television antenna, what materials and tools will be useful in this case, and what type of device can be assembled at home.

Antenna types

Making an antenna with your own hands is quite simple. Such a homemade TV antenna will be quite good at receiving a TV signal. The antenna scheme can be absolutely any - from the simplest one, which will catch 2-3 channels, to a complex HD or even a satellite dish. Or maybe it will be a homemade antenna for digital television or a decimeter antenna. But it makes sense to start with a simpler one.

Of course, there is an option in which a do-it-yourself TV antenna will be made using only a single-core copper wire. With this, having cleaned both its ends, one needs to be connected to the central part of the TV jack, and the second to be attached to the battery. But such a receiving device will not give more than one or two channels, and therefore it is not worth focusing on it, although such an indoor antenna with its own hands also has a right to exist.

Aluminum cans

How to make an antenna for a TV from similar material? It's very simple. This simplest option allows you to watch multiple channels in good quality, of course, provided that it is correctly assembled and installed.

Such material is likely to be found in almost any home - it can be aluminum cans for beer or soda water. Of course, as a last resort, you can also use cans, but the signal quality from this will greatly decrease. The best option with which you can make television antennas with your own hands is an aluminum container with a volume of 1 liter, and the minimum is 0.5 liters.

For manufacturing, you will need:

• The cable is long enough to run from the TV to the antenna location;
• Two (minimum) aluminum cans;
• TV plug;
• Two self-tapping screws with press washers;
• Electrical tape;
• Wooden clothes hanger. Instead, it is possible to use a wooden beam or plank, at least 25-30 cm long;
• Tool (screwdriver, pliers, knife);
• Also, if available, a soldering iron is useful.

Having dealt with the material and auxiliary details, let's proceed to the basic explanation of how to make a television antenna. First, you need to strip the end of the cable about 15 cm by twisting the screen wires into one core. In the same way, release the central core from the shell, which must be fixed on the upper parts of the cans with self-tapping screws - the screen on one, and the central one on the other. For a tighter contact, you can additionally solder the connections. The other end of the cable must end with a plug.

Aluminum cans must be fixed on a wooden base (on a bar or hanger), at a distance of about 74-76 mm. In addition, it makes sense to make them move, since by approaching and moving them apart from each other, you can adjust the antenna for clearer signal reception. By installing such a device on the TV, you can adjust this parameter. It is important that the metal parts are exactly on the same level. Otherwise, the device will not work correctly.

Well, the manufacture of a simple antenna with your own hands is over. Now more complex options should be considered.

Steel wire

For the manufacture of this device, wire rod is suitable - steel wire with a cross section of 6 sq. mm. You will also need to have:

• Amplifier (it can be removed from the old TV antenna). You can make an antenna amplifier with your own hands, but this will require additional parts;
• Two pieces of wire rod, about 2 m long;
• A piece of plywood, measuring 20x20cm;
• Electric drill;
• Small bolts;
• Hammer;
• Metal pipe;
• Cables of the required length.

Now let's figure out how to make a homemade antenna from such a simple material as steel. First you need to bend rhombuses from the wire rod with a side length of 45 cm.The excess can be chopped off. After that, with the help of a hammer, it is necessary to flatten the wire a little so that it is possible, after drilling, to fix the resulting rhombuses on the plywood base with the help of bolts. The amplifier also joins them. After that, it remains only to fix the device on the pipe and, having raised it to the required height, adjust the direction to the place of the best signal.

Such devices, during normal operation of the amplifier, give a completely acceptable image and, at the same time, a fairly wide range of channels. The main thing is the correct setting. By the way, if the resulting picture does not suit you, you can connect an amplifier with a separate power supply, but, of course, you will have to purchase it in advance.

It is advisable to paint all the resulting parts of the device with paint to avoid corrosion and oxidation.

HDTV at home

This option is suitable only for those who have a stable signal, which is received directly from the apartment. The fact is that the basis for this device is cardboard, and if it gets wet, if such an antenna is exposed on the street, it will simply fall apart. In addition, for its manufacture, it is necessary to have a matching transformer with 300 to 75 ohms, and there are hardly any such devices on the farm. This means that it must be purchased in advance.

A powerful magnet in the form of a ring is also needed, which may also not be at home, and therefore, probably, one should not dwell on this option now, since it does not fit the method for giving in case of a sudden failure of the old signal receiving device. Although such a digital antenna does it with its own hands and receives an excellent signal, an easier-to-manufacture option can also act in a similar capacity.

Butterfly or copper wire antenna

Such a TV antenna is called all-wave, which means that, with a working amplifier from an old antenna, it will allow you to receive more channels than previous versions, and moreover in better quality. No complex devices are required for the manufacture of such a device, and therefore, this option is perfect for its unplanned manufacture.

For manufacturing, you must have:

• Boards or a piece of plywood not thinner than 5 mm, measuring 55x7 cm;
• Copper wire with a cross section of 4 or 6 sq. mm;
• KG cable, no more than a meter;
• Drill, soldering iron and plug.

How to make an antenna for digital TV from these materials, it makes sense to understand in more detail. Small holes need to be drilled into the wooden base as shown in the picture above. Cut 8 pieces of copper wire, 37.5 cm long, in the center of which remove the insulation to a length of 2.5-3 cm.

Bend the pieces of wire into a V-shape with the expectation that there should be a distance of 7.5 cm between the ends, since this is optimal for this type of antenna. After the work done, it is necessary to fix all the parts on a wooden or plywood base using self-tapping screws, connect them together with the cores of the KG cable, solder the parts to each other and place the manufactured antenna in the right place. You can use both indoor and outdoor antennas. You should get the device shown in the photo below.

Such an antenna, if you connect an amplifier to it, will delight you with an excellent picture and a variety of received channels. A similar antenna is called "butterfly".

Satellite dish

And now it makes sense to understand how to make an antenna with your own hands from an ordinary umbrella. A similar device is suitable for those who have housing located no further than 30 km from a TV tower or any other repeater. Well, if there is a high-rise building nearby or something similar to which the product can be installed, this will be generally ideal.

For manufacturing, in addition to the amplifier unit and the required amount of cable, you will need an old umbrella and aluminum foil, as well as a can of soda water or beer.

To begin with, the inside of the umbrella in the open position must be pasted over or sheathed with foil. The handle of the umbrella itself is not needed, and therefore it can simply be broken off. In the center, you need to bring the receiver out. Of course, there are no such devices in the household, and therefore an ordinary television cable, stripped to the central core by 3.5-4 cm, connected through an amplifier from an old antenna, will perfectly perform in this capacity. Cut a part in the shape of an oval from an aluminum can, with a hole for the cable in the middle and passing it there, solder. As a result, you will get a signal receiver from an impromptu cymbal. The main thing is that the manufactured receiver does not come into contact with the metal parts of the umbrella. For isolation, the use of plasticine is quite acceptable.

By the way, as a gain for the antenna, it is quite possible to use the UHF unit, without which practically not one TV could do without. If you install such a unit on any television antenna made with your own hands from scrap materials, the device will turn out to be many times more powerful than factory devices.

After all the work done, it remains only to install the dish, direct it towards the repeater and adjust the direction, turning it to the sides until a clear signal appears.

general information

In general, there are a lot of options for making TV antennas with your own hands and at home. After all, what is the advantage of such devices? Firstly, this is a minimum of costs, and at the same time, if everything is done correctly, the device is in no way inferior to factory products. And secondly, it is an experience that can always come in handy. After all, it is not known when and what situation may occur, and therefore such knowledge will definitely not be superfluous.

Of course, the farm does not always have the necessary devices for such work, and therefore, in places where it is not possible to buy them at any time, it is better to take them and put them in reserve.

Well, for those who can say that it is easier to buy such devices for receiving a TV signal, you can object. Indeed, in the manufacture of any device, a person experiences greater satisfaction not from the fact that the device works, but from the realization that this device was made with his own hands.

In addition, if a TV antenna made at home works great and is not inferior in image quality to a store one, then why overpay? These funds can be spent on something more necessary or necessary.

Therefore, homemade antennas made at home have a right to exist.

The era of digital signals has arrived. All broadcasting TV companies began to work in a new format. Analog TVs are living out their days. They are still in working order and are available in almost every family.

In order for the old models to successfully complete their resource, and people can use them when watching digital broadcasting, it is enough to connect the DVB-T set-top box to the TV receiver and catch the TV wave signals with a special antenna.

Any home craftsman is able not to buy an antenna in a store, but to make it with his own hands from improvised means for watching digital TV programs at home or in the country. The two most affordable constructs are described in this article.

A bit of theory

The principle of operation of the antenna for digital packet television

Any television signal propagates in space from the emitters of the transmitting television tower to the television antenna by a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave with a high frequency measured in megahertz.

When an electromagnetic wave passes through the surface of the receiving antenna beams, a voltage V is induced in it. Each half-wave of a sinusoid forms a potential difference with its own sign.

Under the influence of the induced voltage applied to the closed receiving circuit of the input signal with resistance R, an electric current flows in the latter. It is amplified and processed by the digital TV circuitry, output to the screen and speakers as image and sound.

For analog models of TV receivers, an intermediate link works between the antenna and the TV - the DVB-T set-top box, which decodes the digital information of the electromagnetic wave into its usual form.

Vertical and horizontal polarization of digital TV signal

In television broadcasting by state standards, it is customary to emit electromagnetic waves in only two planes:

1. horizontally.

In this way, the transmitters direct the emitting signals.

And users just need to rotate the receiving antenna in the desired plane to maximize the removal of the power potential.

Digital Packet TV Antenna Requirements

TV transmitters spread their signal-waves over short distances, limited by the line of sight from the top point of the TV tower emitter. Their range rarely exceeds 60 km.

For such distances, it is sufficient to provide a small power of the emitted TV signal. But, the strength of the electromagnetic wave at the end of the coverage area should form a normal voltage level at the receiving end.

A small potential difference is induced at the antenna, measured in fractions of a volt. It creates currents with small amplitudes. This imposes high technical requirements on the assembly and workmanship of all parts of digital reception devices.

Antenna design should be:

• made accurately, with a good degree of accuracy, excluding loss of electrical power of the signal;
• directed strictly along the axis of the electromagnetic wave coming from the transmitting center;
• oriented by the type of polarization;
• protected from extraneous interference signals of the same frequency coming from any sources: generators, radio transmitters, electric motors and other similar devices.

How to find out the initial data for calculating the antenna

The main parameter influencing the quality of the received digital signal, as can be seen from the explanatory first figure, is the length of the electromagnetic radiation wave. Symmetrical arms of vibrators of various shapes are created under it, the overall dimensions of the antenna are determined.

The wavelength λ in centimeters can be easily calculated using a simplified formula: λ = 300 / F. It is enough just to find the frequency of the received signal F in megahertz.

We will use the search for GUGL for this and ask him for a list of regional TV communication points for our area.

As an example, a fragment of the data table for the Vitebsk region is shown with a red rectangle highlighting the transmitting center in Ushachi.

Its wave frequency is 626 megahertz, and the type of polarization is horizontal. This data is quite enough.

We carry out the calculation: 300/626 = 0.48 m. This is the length of the electromagnetic wave for the antenna being created.

We divide it in half and we get 24 cm - the required half-wave length.

The maximum value of the tension reaches in the middle of this area - 12 cm. It is also called the amplitude. A whip antenna is made for this size. It is usually expressed by the formula λ / 4, where λ is the length of the electromagnetic wave.

The simplest TV antenna for digital television

It requires a piece of coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms and an antenna plug. I managed to find a ready-made two-meter piece in the old stock.

From the free end, I cut off the outer shell with an ordinary knife. I take the length with a small margin: when setting up it is always easier to bite off a small piece.

Then I remove the shielding layer from this section of the cable.

The work is done. It remains to insert the jack of the plug into the connector on the TV signal set-top box and direct the bare wire of the inner core across the incoming electromagnetic wave, taking into account the horizontal polarization.

The antenna should be placed directly on the windowsill or fixed to the glass, for example, with a piece of tape or tied to the blinds mount. Reflected signals and interference can be shielded with a strip of foil located a short distance from the central core.

Such a design is done in literally a dozen minutes and does not require any special material costs. It's worth trying it. But, it is capable of working in the area of ​​reliable signal reception. My building is shielded by a mountain and a multi-storey building. The transmitting TV tower is located at a distance of 25 km. Under these conditions, the digital electromagnetic wave is reflected many times and poorly received. I had to look for another technical solution.

And for you on the topic of this design, I propose to watch the video of the owner Edokoff "How to make an antenna for digital TV"

Antenna Kharchenko at 626 MHz

To receive signals of analog TV broadcasting of various wave frequency ranges, the design of a zigzag broadband antenna previously worked well for me, which does not require complex manufacturing.

I immediately remembered one of their effective varieties - the Kharchenko antenna. I decided to use its design for digital reception. I made the vibrators from a flat copper bus, but it is quite possible to do with a round wire. This will make it easier to bend and align the ends.

How to determine the dimensions of a specific antenna

Online calculator

Let's use the omniscient Google search. We write in the command line: "Calculation of the Kharchenko antenna" and press Enter.

We choose any site you like and perform an online calculation. I went to the first one that opened. Here's what he calculated for me.

I presented all his data with a picture with the designation of the name of the dimensions of the Kharchenko antenna.

Manufacturing of antenna structure parts

I took the information provided as a basis, but did not exactly maintain all the dimensions. I know from previous practice that the antenna works well in the broadband wavelength range. Therefore, the dimensions of the parts were just slightly overestimated. A half-wave of each harmonic of the sinusoid of the electromagnetic TV signal will fit into the shoulder of each vibrator and will be received by it.

Based on the selected data, I made blanks for the antenna.

Vibrator design features

The connection of the ends of the shank for the figure-eight is created in the center during the bending stage. I soldered them with a soldering iron.

I have it created according to the "Moment" principle, made by hand from old transformers, it has been working for two decades. They even soldered a copper wire 2.5 squares in a thirty-degree frost. Works with transistors and microcircuits without burning them out.

I plan to describe its design in a separate article on the site in the near future for those who also want to make it with their own hands. Follow publications, subscribe to notifications.

Connecting the antenna cable to the vibrator

The copper core and braid were simply soldered to the metal of the figure eight from different sides along its center.

The cable was tied to a copper bus, bending it in a loop in the shape of a semi-square vibrator. In this way, the cable and antenna impedances are matched.

Shielding grid design

In fact, Kharchenko's antenna often works fine without shielding signals, but I decided to show its manufacture. I took a wooden block for the base. I did not paint and saturate with varnish: the structure will be used indoors.

In the back of the block, I drilled holes for attaching the screen wires and inserted them, and then jammed them.

The result is a screen for Kharchenko's antenna. In principle, it can be made of a different design: cut out of a piece of frontal armor of a tank or cut out of food foil - it will work in about the same way.

On the reverse side of the bar, I fixed the structure of the vibrator with a cable.

The antenna is ready. It remains to install it on a window to work in vertical polarization.

When a television receiver is at a great distance from the transmitting generator, its signal strength gradually weakens. It can be increased by special electronic devices - amplifiers.

You just need to clearly see the difference between the signals received by the antenna, which can be:

1. just weakened;
2. contain high-frequency interference that distorts the shape of a digital sinusoid to the shape of some kind of "karyabola".

In both cases, the amplifier will fulfill its role and increase the power. Moreover, the TV will clearly perceive and display the weakened signal, and with the strengthened "karyabola" there will be problems of reproduction.

To eliminate such interference waves are designed:

• h / h filters;
• screens.

They need to be measured with an oscilloscope, and the ways of using different designs should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. The antenna is not to blame here.

The length of the tubes, and hence the total length of the vibrator, depends on the frequency of the received television station. And it can lie in the range from about 50 to 230 MHz. This entire operating range is divided into 12 channels - they are marked on the knob of the program selector "TV. So, for the first channel (the most" long-wave "- about 50 MHz) the length of the vibrator (the distance between the remote ends of the tubes) should be 271-276 cm, for the second - 229-234 and then respectively - 177-179, 162-163, 147-150, 85, 80, 77, 75, 71, 69, 66 cm.Therefore, before you start building the antenna, find out on which channel it leads broadcast by a local TV center or repeater.

So, the length of the tubes was determined. Their diameter can be 8-24 mm (most often they use tubes with a diameter of 16 mm). Flatten one of the ends of each tube and attach the tubes with metal clamps to the Holder and? insulating material (textolite or getinax with a thickness of at least 5 mm) so that the required distance is obtained between the remote ends, and the flattened ends are 60-70 mm apart from each other. Attach the mounting tabs to the flattened ends with screws - they will serve as a kind of tube leads. Better, of course, to weld the petals to the ends of the tubes so that the contact is more reliable.

Install the tube holder. on a mast, which will later be installed on the roof. Now you need to connect a drop from a coaxial cable RK-1, RK-3, RK-4 or another with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohm to the antenna. But you cannot solder the cable conductors directly to the tube terminals. A matching device is installed between the drop cable and the antenna, which is a loop of two pieces of the same coaxial cable. The length of the segments depends on the received television channel.

For the first channel, the size should be 286 cm, and 12 - 95 cm, for subsequent channels - respectively 242 and 80, 187 and 62, 170 and 57, 166 and 52, 84 and 28, 80 and 27, 77 and 26, 74 and 25, 71 and 24, 68 and 23, 66 and 22 cm.

The connection of the matching device is shown in Figure 2. The central cores of the cable and segments are soldered directly to the terminals of the tubes and to each other, and the metal braids are connected with pieces of copper wire without insulation. The soldering must be strong and reliable, and the places of the solders are protected with insulating tape.

The matching loop and drop cable are attached to the mast. The drop cable must be long enough to connect to the TV after installing the roof antenna. At the end of the cable, a connector is installed that connects to the TV socket.

The antenna is strengthened with guy wires so that it stands firmly, and the vibrator is at a distance of at least 2 m from the roof.

In order to receive the most powerful signal from the antenna, it must be oriented as accurately as possible to the telecentre (or to the repeater antenna). This work is best done with two or even three. One slowly turns the antenna around its axis, and the other, observing the TV screen, informs him about the change in contrast and picture quality. The antenna is installed and fixed in such a position that the contrast is highest and there is no multi-contour in the image (the result of receiving a signal reflected from nearby buildings).

When equipping a summer cottage, we try to make it as comfortable as possible for relaxation. This means that over time it becomes overgrown with the conveniences to which we are so accustomed to in everyday life - water supply, heating and, of course, electricity. And where there is the latter, sooner or later television will certainly appear. But how, you ask, can you spend it at the dacha, if the purchase of an antenna, which, by the way, is not cheap at all, is not provided for in your personal budget? It's very simple! A little bit of the basics of electronics, a couple of pieces of iron and a minimal soldering kit, and now, well tired in the garden, you sit on the dacha terrace to watch a block of evening news.

Radio electronics and television: simply about the complex

The most important thing for any antenna is its ability to interact with the signal spread over the air.

Currently, TV broadcasting is carried out in one single range - decimeter, and television transmitters cover almost the entire more or less populated area. This makes it possible to "catch" the TV signal anywhere.

But for this you have to take into account a few simple nuances.:

Proceeding from this, among the whole variety of television antennas, the most accessible for self-production will be such types as:

1. All-wave (frequency independent)

It does not have high parameters, but it is the simplest and cheapest to manufacture - its basis is a metal frame, and ordinary beer cans or other tin containers act as receivers.

1. Log-periodic range

Such an antenna can be compared to a fishing net, which, when caught, sorts the prey. This type of antenna system also has a simple design, however, it provides higher parameters than all-wavelength.

1. Decimeter zigzag

For the decimeter range, the dimensions and complexity of the design of such an antenna are greatly simplified, and it can work in almost any receiving conditions.

The subtleties of making television antennas

The antenna elements, through which the useful signal currents pass, are always connected by soldering or welding. But if the device is placed outdoors, for example, on the roof of a country house, such contacts will corrode very soon.

If we are talking about a homemade antenna for a summer residence, you should not strive for the ideal quality of contacts - if they rust or burst, then in any case not soon. But it is desirable that the connections in the antenna design be as small as possible, which will ensure stable and fairly clean reception.

The braid and core of coaxial cables are currently made from inexpensive, corrosion resistant alloys. Unlike classic copper, they are poorly soldered. Therefore, care must be taken not to burn the cable.

For the manufacture of the antenna and its cable connection, it is advisable to use:

You should not use aluminum wire for the manufacture of antenna elements - it will oxidize very quickly and lose the ability to conduct an electrical signal. Copper or cheaper brass is best suited for this.

The receiving area of ​​the antenna should be as large as possible. To do this, several metal rods of the same metal should be symmetrically attached to the screen - a frame that filters out etheric and electrical noise.

Buying a basic signal amplifier that connects directly to the antenna will solve the problem with a weak and dirty signal.

As a result, the system will provide normal receive power. All that is needed for this is to take the antenna out to the roof of the country house and point it towards the nearest television tower.

Frequency independent antenna do it yourself

The simplest all-wave is a pair of metal plates mounted on a wooden rail and connected by several turns of copper wire of any diameter. The width of such an antenna should be equal to its height, and the opening angle of the canvases should be 90 °. It is not necessary to solder the wire to the point of zero potential of the all-wave - it is enough to ensure its reliable fastening.

The frequency independent antenna is capable of receiving both meter and decimeter signals from almost any direction. The disadvantage of this option is the unity gain and zero CPV - an indicator of the ratio of the signal power received to the main lobe of the antenna to the sum of the interference power at the frequency received by the rest of the elements. That is why the all-wave is not suitable for receiving a TV signal in an area with strong interference or where the broadcast signal is too weak.

For self-production of a frequency-independent antenna, you will need:

• antenna cable;
• several cans;
• self-tapping screws;
• plug;
• insulating tape;
• screwdriver;
• wooden lath;
• copper wire.

Banks are fixed on a rail (mast) with electrical tape at a distance of about 7 cm from each other.

Self-tapping screws are screwed into them, to the protruding ends of which the stripped ends of the antenna cable are screwed. The latter is fixed on the rail and laid along the external building structures of the country house to the place where you plan to put the TV.

You can improve the all-wave design by adding a few more sections from a tin container. After that, it remains to securely fix its mast in a vertical position, connect it to the TV and set up the tuner.

Another version of an all-wave antenna designed to receive a meter signal is a fan vibrator, which is popularly called a slingshot antenna.

Making a log-periodic TV antenna

Antenna "speech therapist" is a receiving line (a pair of metal tubes) with halves of linear dipoles perpendicularly connected to it - pieces of a conductor with a quarter-wave diameter of the working signal. The length and distance between the latter changes exponentially.

To manufacture a log-periodic antenna, a number of calculations must be performed:

1. The calculation of the length of the dipoles starts from the second longest.
2. Taking the reciprocal of the progression rate, the length of the longest dipole is calculated.
3. Then it remains to calculate the shortest - the first - dipole, and then, based on the selected frequency range, the length of the "zero" dipole is taken.

To achieve the maximum receiving power, there should be a distance of 0.03-0.05 wavelengths between the dipoles, but not less than double the diameter of any of them.

The length of the finished LP antenna is about 400 mm. The diameter of the base of the LP antenna should be 8-15 mm, and the gap between their axes of the receiving line should be no more than 3-4 diameters of the dipole.

For normal operation of the LP antenna, you need to select a high-quality and sufficiently thick (about 6-8 mm in the sheath) coaxial cable. Otherwise, you will not be able to compensate for the attenuation of the decimeter waves, as a result of which the TV tuner will be unable to sense the signal.

The cable to the receiving line should not be fixed outside, since the quality of signal reception drops sharply from this.

When installing such an antenna, you need to ensure its wind resistance, and if you use a metal pipe as a mast, you need to install a dielectric insert between it and the receiving line - a wooden block - at least 1.5 cm long.

It is possible to improve the design of the LP antenna by installing linear or fan-shaped hangers of a meter field on it. This system is called "delta".

Antenna diagram "Delta"

Zigzag antenna for summer cottages

The Z-antenna system with a reflector provides almost the same TV signal reception parameters as the LP antenna. However, its main petal is horizontally twice as long. This makes it possible to pick up a signal from different directions, which is especially true for rural areas.

The decimeter zigzag antenna has small dimensions, but its operating range is practically unlimited. The material for the manufacture of such a system is a copper tube or sheet of aluminum with a thickness of about 6 mm. If you chose the latter, you will not be able to solder it with ordinary solder or flux - in this case, the fastenings are made with bolts. For outdoor installation, such an antenna will be ready only after the connection points are sealed with silicone.

The design of a zigzag antenna consists of the following elements:

• barbell;
• wire cloth;
• metal plates for fastening the canvas;
• transverse slats;
• dielectric plates and gaskets;
• mounting plate;
• feeder line;
• power plate.

Any of them can be made with your own hands from scrap materials or purchased at the nearest electronics store.

The sides of the Z-antenna are made all-metal or in the form of a mesh, covered with a sheet of tin. When routing coaxial cables over the body of the antenna, avoid sharp bends. To do this, it is enough to stretch it to the side capacitive insert and not let it go beyond its limits. At the point of zero potential, the cable sheath is carefully soldered to the canvas.

This class also includes such types of antennas as ring and reflector, which are also not particularly difficult to manufacture.

Options for self-manufacturing television antennas in the photo

There are other types of antennas suitable for self-manufacturing - wave, "Polish", simple loop and even primitive satellite. But whichever option you choose, a competent calculation of the parameters is required. The technique can be found in the technical literature on electronics. However, it is much easier and simpler to ask for advice from those who already have experience in the manufacture of such antennas.

Self-made antenna for giving on video