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Lesson 40
Test

Test on the topic: "Computer networks"

1. A network that unites a small number of computers and exists within one organization is called ...

A) global network. B) local network. C) regional network. D) corporate network.

2. A device that converts the digital signal of a computer into a modulated analog signal on the transmitter side, and performs the reverse conversion of the signals on the receiver side.

A) AC adapter. B) Printer. C) Modem. D) Network switch.

3. A device that connects a PC with a communication line.

A) Modem. B) Network hub. C) Printer. D) AC adapter.

4. A computer intended for sharing, which includes all resources, is called ...

A) file server. B) workstation. C) user. D) slave.

5. LAN configuration, in which all PCs are connected to the same communication line.

6. Configuration of the local network based on the file server.

A) Ring. B) Tire. C) Snowflake. D) Star.

7. Standard Internet Protocol.

A) PPP. B) SLIP. C) TCP / IP. D) ISO.

8. What is related to network equipment?

A) Hub. B) Switch. C) Adapter. D) All answers are correct.

9. Computers or programs that convert data from a format accepted in one network to a format accepted in another.

10. The equipment that stands between networks using the same protocols is called ...

A) Bridge. B) Tire. C) Firewall. D) Gateway.

Test on the topic: "Types of computer networks"

Option number 1

1. What makes it impossible to connect the computer to the global network:

A. Computer type, b. Composition of peripheral devices, c. No floppy drive, d. Lack of a network card.

A. Wires; b. Cables; c. Radio communication, d. All of the above.

A. Bandwidth; b. Processor performance; c. Memory capacity, d. All of the above.

4. A device that converts analog signals to digital and vice versa is called:

5. The unification of computers and local networks located at a remote distance for the common use of world information resources is called ...

6. Decrypt the LAN.

7. A computer connected to the Internet must have:

A. local network; b. global network; c. corporate network; d. regional network.

8. Sketch the star connection topology for the computers.

9. The address of the server address of the MTU-INFORM company is set: 195.34.32.11. Indicate its belonging to a network of one class or another and the address of a computer on the network.

Option number 2

1. What kind of network is called peer-to-peer?

A. local network; b. global network; c. corporate network; d. regional network.

2. In computer networks, communication channels are usually used:

A. Cables; b. Wires; c. Radio communication, d. All of the above.

3. The effectiveness of computer communication usually depends on:

A. Processor performance; b. Memory capacities c. Expansion options, d. All of the above.

4. A device that performs the function of interfacing computers with communication channels is called:

A. network card; b. modem; c. CPU; d. adapter.

5. Choose from the offered the most absolutely reliable communication channel:

A. fiber optic cable; b. twisted pair; c. coaxial cable; d. phone line.

6. Decipher the RVS.

7. A computer that provides its resources for the use of other computers when working together is called:

A. adapter; b. switch; c. server; d. client-server.

8. Sketch the topology of the tree connection of computers.

9. The address of the server address of the MTU-INFORM company is set: dialup.mtu.ru. Specify its top-level domain and computer address on the network.

Test
« Internet... Multimedia technologies "

Option number 1

1. What makes it impossible to connect your computer to the global network:

1. Computer type,

3. Lack of a floppy drive,

4. Lack of a network card.

1. Wires;

2. Cables;

3. Radio communication,

4. All of the above.

1. Bandwidth;

2. Processor performance;

3. Capacities of memory,

4. All of the above.

4. A device that converts analog signals to digital and vice versa is called:

1. network card;

3. processor;

4.adapter.

5. The unification of computers and local networks located at a remote distance for the common use of world information resources is called ...

1. local area network;

2. global network;

3. corporate network;

4. regional network.

6. Decrypt the LAN.

7. A computer connected to the Internet must have:

1. local area network;

2. global network;

3. corporate network;

4. regional network.

8. Sketch the star connection topology for the computers.

9. The address of the server address of the MTU-INFORM company is set: 195.34.32.11. Indicate its belonging to a network of one class or another and the address of a computer on the network.

1. Keyboard,

2. Joystick,

4. All of the above.

11. Where can computer networks be used:

3. At school,

4. All of the above.

12. The advantages of computer communication include:

2. Reducing the cost of telephone calls,

3. Reducing the number of underground cables,

4. All of the above.

1. Microprocessor,

2. Modem,

3. Language processor,

4. By phone.

14. To determine the purchase price, the store cashier uses:

1. Printer,

3. Scanner,

4. Plotter.

15. Local networks use:

1. Wires and cables,

2. Telephone lines,

3. Electronic lamps,

4. Crystal.

16. The World Wide Web is a system in the global network called:

17. A computer network is ...

1.the set of computers and various devices that provide information exchange between computers in the network without the use of any intermediate storage media

18. Protocols are ...

19. Set correspondence

2. Workstation	b) a special computer that is designed to run applications remotely, process requests for information from databases and provide communication with common external devices
3. Network technology

20.

21. The browser is ...

22. Set correspondence

1. Local network
2. Regional network
3. Corporate network
4. Global network

4.http: // www. *****

24. Set correspondence

1. World Wide Web WWW
2. Email e-mail
3. FTP File Transfer
4. UseNet teleconference

25.

1.http: // www. *****

2.http: // www. *****

3.http: // www. *****

4.http: // www. *****

26. Give a definition, the basic concepts of multimedia. Describe sound as an object of computer technology.

Test
« Internet... Multimedia technologies "

Option number 2

1. What kind of network is called peer-to-peer?

1. local area network;

2. global network;

3. corporate network;

4. regional network.

2. In computer networks, communication channels are usually used:

1. Cables;

2. Wires;

3. Radio communication,

4. All of the above.

3. The effectiveness of computer communication usually depends on:

1. Processor performance;

2. Memory capacities

3. Expansion possibilities,

4. All of the above.

4. A device that performs the functions of interfacing computers with communication channels is called:

1. network card;

3. processor;

4.adapter.

5. Choose from the offered the most absolutely reliable communication channel:

1. fiber optic cable;

2. twisted pair;

3. coaxial cable;

4. telephone line.

6. Decipher the RVS.

7. A computer that provides its resources for the use of other computers when working together is called:

1.adapter;

2. switch;

3. server;

4. client-server.

8. Sketch the tree topology of the computers.

9. The server address of the MTU-INFORM company is set: dialup. *****. Specify its top-level domain and computer address on the network.

10. To enter data into a computer, you can use:

1. Keyboard,

2. Printer,

4. All of the above.

11. INTERNET is:

1. Local information system,

2. Global information system,

3. Database,

4. Postal system.

12. The advantages of computer communication include:

1. Fast, accurate and direct exchange of information,

2. Ease of processing large amounts of information,

3. Quick access to information,

4. All of the above.

13. Device converting el. signals to sound and vice versa, called:

1. Microprocessor,

2. Modem,

3. Language processor,

4. By phone.

14. What makes it impossible to connect to the global network:

1. Computer type,

2. Composition of peripheral devices,

3. Lack of hard drive,

4. Lack of a telephone.

15. A device that has a screen and keyboard, but usually does not have its own processor, is called:

1. Display,

2. Server,

3. Terminal,

4. None of the above.

16. E-mail is a system in the global network called:

17. A computer network is ...

1.the set of computers and various devices that provide information exchange between computers in the network without the use of any intermediate storage media

2. unification of computers located at a great distance for the common use of world information resources

3. combining computers located at a short distance from each other

18. Protocols are ...

1.Specialized tools that allow you to organize real-time communication between users through computer communication channels

2.the set of rules governing the procedure for exchanging data on the network

3.a system for transmitting electronic information, which allows each network user to gain access to programs and documents stored on a remote computer

19. Set correspondence

	a) an agreed set of standard protocols that implement their software and hardware, sufficient to build a computer network and service its users
2. Workstation	b) a special computer that is designed to run applications remotely, process requests for information from databases and provide communication with common external devices
3. Network technology	c) it is an information technology of networking that allows people to communicate, receive information quickly and exchange it
4. Information and communication technology	d) is a personal computer that allows you to use the services provided by the servers

20. In what year was Russia connected to the Internet?

21. The browser is ...

1.information system, the main components of which are hypertext documents

2.a web browser

3. Internet service that allows you to exchange electronic messages between computers via a network

22. Set correspondence

1. Local network	a) combining computers located at a great distance from each other
2. Regional network	b) combining local networks within one corporation to solve common problems
3. Corporate network	c) unification of computers within one city, region, country
4. Global network	d) combining computers located at a short distance from each other

23. The email address is recorded according to certain rules. Remove excess

4.http: // www. *****

24. Set correspondence

1. World Wide Web WWW	a) specialized tools that allow real-time communication of users through computer communication channels
2. Email e-mail	b) information system, the main components of which are hypertext documents
3. FTP File Transfer	c) system of forwarding correspondence between users on the network
4. UseNet teleconference	d) an electronic information transmission system that allows each network user to access programs and documents stored on a remote computer
5. Communication systems "on line" chat, ICQ	e) a system for the exchange of information between multiple users

25. Which search engines are international? Choose the correct answer

1.http: // www. *****

2.http: // www. *****

3.http: // www. *****

4.http: // www. *****

26. Describe the main multimedia equipment, requirements for it

MOU "Shulkinsky secondary school"

Global computer network Internet.

Internet connection

informatics and ICT lesson for grade 10

according to the textbook by N. D. Ugrinovich

Developed by Yurgina E.Z.,

IT-teacher

Shulka village, 2013

LESSON PASSPORT

1. 
   Class – 10;
2. 
   Location- computer science room;
3. 
   Duration- 45 minutes;
4. 
   Discipline- Informatics and ICT;
5. 
   Lesson topic- Global computer network Internet. Internet connection;
6. 
   Lesson type- combined;
7. 
   The purpose of the lesson: deepen and form knowledge about the history of the computer network Internet and ways of connecting a computer to the Internet;
8. 
   Tasks:
   1. 
      Educational:
      1. 
         consider the history of the creation of the Internet;
      2. 
         get acquainted with the methods of connecting to the Internet
      3. 
         to repeat and generalize knowledge about computer networks;
   2. 
      Developing:
      1. 
         to develop cognitive and creative activity of students;
      2. 
         to develop in schoolchildren the ability to express thoughts, to model a situation;
   3. 
      Educational:

1. 
   instill interest in the subject;
2. 
   to cultivate respect for different points of view, the ability to adequately conduct an argument, the ability to work in a group.

1. 
   Basic didactic method- practical;
2. 
   Didactic and ICT tools- laptop, smart - board, projector, speakers, presentation, video, cards with tasks.
3. 
   Bibliography:

11.1. Informatics and ICT. Basic level: textbook for grade 10 / N.D. Ugrinovich.-2nd ed., Revised and added. - M .: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2012;

11.2. Website: http://kpolyakov.narod.ru/school/ege.htm

Lesson plan

1. 
   Organizing time .(1 minute)
2. 
   Knowledge update . (8min)
3. 
   "Discovery" of new knowledge . (28 min.)

1. 
   Student's speech "History of Internet development" (7 minutes)
2. 
   Video Ways to Connect to the Internet (10 min)
3. 
   Work in groups "Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet". (11 minutes)
1. 
   Summarizing. (2 minutes)
2. 
   Homework. (1 minute)
3. 
   Reflection. (5 minutes)

Lesson summary

1. 
   Organizational moment. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Today in the lesson we will continue to talk about the global computer network Internet. Let's get acquainted with the history of the creation of the Internet, methods of connecting to the Internet. (writing the topic of the lesson in a notebook)
2. 
   Knowledge update.

To begin with, I propose to recall the material studied. (2 people work on the test cardAnnex 1 , the rest are working with the material on the board)

1. 
   Local network - a network of computers located at short distances.
2. 
   Global networks - networks connecting computers, remote over long distances, for the general use of the world's information resources.
3. 
   Addressing is a way to identify subscribers in the network.
4. 
   Protocol Is a special technical agreement for networking
5. 
   Server- a network node that presents its resources to other nodes (computers), but does not itself use their resources.
6. 
   Customer- a network node that only uses network resources, but does not provide its own resources to the network.
7. 
   Domain - it is the part of the address that identifies the address of the user's computer on the network.
8. 
   Match the diagram with the name of the LAN topology

star
ring
tire

Checking the work of students on the cards.

- What word did you get? (Internet)

3. Work on new material.

What is the Internet ? (This is a global computer network that includes a local, regional, corporate network and unites millions of computers around the world)

1) The history of the creation of the Internet (presentation by a prepared student)

Appendix 2

2) Ways to connect to the Internet

Currently, you can connect to the Internet through satellite communications, radio channels, cable TV, telephone, cellular communications, special fiber-optic lines or electric wires. The World Wide Web has become an integral part of life in developed and developing countries.

(Writing in a notebook)

2. Connection via ADSL modem.


3. Connection via mobile phone

4. Local Area Connection

7. Satellite Internet -

6. Fiber optic connection

5. Wireless Wi-Fi connection

I suggest you watch a video about the main ways to connect to the Internet. (Watching the video Connecting to the Internet)

Yes, the world has really changed with the advent of the global computer network Internet. Humanity has fantastic opportunities in the field of communications.

However, everything is far from being as simple and rosy as it might seem at first glance. The global spread of computer networks brings with it a number of problems that we give little thought to and which we should be aware of.

Let's try to identify the strengths, weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of the global spread of computer networks. To do this, we will split into 2 teams: 1 team will defend the Internet, the other will blame.

Supporters	Opponents
Real-time communication without borders	Replacing real communication with virtual
Operational global information search	Decreased creativity
Transfer of file information without using external media	Harm to health
Online commerce and banking	The congestion of telephone networks
Entertainment	The spread of computer viruses
Distance learning opportunities	Dissemination of illegal information
Operative sociological survey systems	Possibility of false information
Distributed computing	Relative insecurity of electronic money
	Electronic spam
	Invasion of privacy
	High cost of provider services

So, we managed to look at the global computer network Internet from different angles. What conclusion can be drawn? (withdrawal of children)
4. Summing up... Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that the Internet is a global computer network that unites many local, regional and corporate networks and includes hundreds of millions of servers constantly connected to the network. The Internet is a very important source of information, which undoubtedly should be used, but one should not forget about the problems that the computer network carries and treats it with a grain of reasonable skepticism.
5. D / s compile a comparative table of ways to connect to the Internet (advantages and disadvantages)
6. Reflection.Students put marks in sectors according to the assessment of the result: the closer to the center of the target, the better. Then a brief analysis is carried out.

Thank you all for your work in the lesson.

Annex 1

Test for checking knowledge on the topic: "Computer networks"

1. 
   Computers, connected by information transmission channels and located within the same building, form ...

i) Local computer network;

f) Regional computer network;

m) Global computer network;

r) Information system with hyperlink;

p) Worldwide computer network

1. 
   A computer that presents its resources to other computers when working together is called ...

i) Client-server;

f) Switch;

m) Server;

t) Adapter;

p) Modem

1. 
   The network node connection diagram is called the ______________ network.

i) Domain;

f) the Protocol;
m) Provider;

r) Topology;

p) Router.
4. What makes it impossible to connect the computer to the local network:

i) Computer type,

f) Lack of a network card,

m) Lack of a floppy drive,

r) Lack of a network printer,

p) Server availability

5. Peer-to-peer network - is it?

i) Local network;
f) A network in which there are master and slave computers;

m) Networks with bus and ring topology;

p) A network in which all computers have equal opportunities;

r) Corporate network.

6. Specify the maximum number of computers in a direct connection.

7. If there are several computers, then in order to combine them into a network, an additional device is needed ...

i) Connector;

f) Switch;

p) Networker;

t) Adapter.

8... The data transfer rate is characterized by ...

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

Appendix 2

The history of the development of the Internet

An indirect impetus for the creation of the Internet was the launch of the first artificial satellite in the Soviet Union in 1957. The Cold War had already begun and the United States, realizing that the satellite was just the tip of the iceberg of Soviet military scientific research, saw for itself the threat of using missiles to deliver a nuclear strike against the United States. In the same 1957, under the US Department of Defense, the Agency for Research Projects - ARPA was published. One of the directions of the Agency's work was the creation of computer technologies for military purposes, in particular for communications. Scientists were tasked with creating a computer network that could be used by the military during a nuclear attack on the country. The network was to be used for communication between the command posts of the defense system. The main criterion for creating a network was considered the invulnerability of the network to partial destruction during a nuclear attack. In 1962, within the framework of the ARPA Agency, work began on computer projects. Joseph Licklider was appointed to lead the computer program. In 1966, the creation of the Arpanet computer network was started. In October 1967, it was decided to use the concepts of P. Baren and J. Licklider to create Arpanet. The essence of P. Baren's idea is that the file that needs to be transmitted over the network is split into several parts - packets. Each packet is transmitted independently of the others. At the end point on the computer, all packages are collected into one file. From October to December 1969, four US university centers - the University of California Los Angeles, the University of California Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute and the University of Utah - were merged into one network. 1969 is considered the year of birth of the Internet, as further events showed that the Arpanet network became the basis of the Internet. In 1972, the public organization INWG was created - a working group on international networks, under the leadership of Vincent Surf. Surf and his colleagues coined the term "Internet". Today Vincent Surf is called the "Father of the Internet".

In 1973, the first organizations from the UK, Norway were connected to the network via a transatlantic telephone cable.

At the end of the 70s, data transfer protocols began to develop rapidly. Which were standardized in 1982 - 1983.

On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET switched from NCP to TCP / IP, which is still successfully used to connect networks.

1984 the domain name system (DomainNameSystem, DNS) was developed. In the same year, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) founded the intercollegiate network NSFNet, which was composed of smaller networks and had much higher bandwidth than ARPANET.

In 1988, the InternetRelayChat protocol was developed, thanks to which real-time communication (chat) became possible on the Internet, which played a very important role in the history of the creation and development of the Internet.

In 1989, the concept of the World Wide Web was born in Europe. It was proposed by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who over the course of two years developed the HTTP protocol, HTML language and URIs.

In 1990, the ARPANET ceased to exist. In the same year, the first connection to the Internet via a telephone line was recorded.

In 1991, the World Wide Web became publicly available on the Internet.

In 1995, the World Wide Web became the main provider of information on the Internet.

In 1997, there were about 10 million computers on the Internet, and more than 1 million domain names were registered.

Almost every owner of a personal computer, almost immediately after buying it, thinks about the issue of connecting to the World Wide Web, which makes it possible to communicate with people from all over the world, download and search for the necessary information, use all kinds of services (e-mail, streaming multimedia) and services (web- forums, blogs, online stores), and much more. Of course, the question arises before the user, but how to connect to the global network and what methods of this connection exist? If just a few years ago the majority of network users in the Russian Federation, in essence, had no choice but to use a modem connection via a telephone line (Dial-Up connection), now the situation on the information services market has changed significantly. This material is intended to help you figure out among the many options for connecting to the network and choose the best one for you.

NETWORK CONNECTION METHODS

At the moment, the most common methods of connecting to the World Wide Web are:

• Ordinary dial-up connection or so-called dial-up access
• Modem connection over asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
• Leased line broadband (Ethernet)
• Mobile WiMAX Access
• Wi-Fi access
• Mobile GPRS / 3G access
• Satellite connection to the network

They differ among themselves in the principle of operation, the speed of sending data, reliability, difficulty in setting up the equipment, and, of course, in cost.

CONNECTION SPEED

Separately, it is worth talking about the fundamental characteristic of each connection to the World Wide Web - the data transfer rate, which is determined by the amount of data transmitted to the user per unit of time (per 1 second). Typically, the amount of data transferred is specified in either kilobytes / second (KB / s) or kilobits / second (kbps). For ordinary users, the measurement in bytes is more understandable, since it does not contain bulky numbers. Remember that 1 byte = 8 bits, while this ratio remains true for quantities with prefixes: kilo, mega or giga. Knowing the translation of bytes into bits will come in handy when you start studying the tariffs of Internet providers who are very fond of specifying the speed of the Internet connection in bits, since in this case the figure is more impressive (8 times). Also keep in mind that for channels with a high connection speed, the measurement is already in megabits or megabytes per second.

To make everything finally clear, let's look at a small real-life example. If your provider promises you a speed of 5 Mbit / s, which is equivalent to 0.625 Mbyte / s (we divide 5 by 8), this means that a file with a size of 100 Mbytes, at best, you will download from the network for no less than three minutes (100 / 0.625 = 160 sec).

The use of the Internet for each user can happen in different ways, for some it is associated with receiving a large amount of Internet traffic, for others it is not. For example, for ordinary web surfing (viewing site pages), the speed of an ordinary modem connection is sufficient, but this speed will not allow you to comfortably download large files from the network - high-quality music or films, software distributions and other "heavy" content. To fully exploit the power of the Internet, you will need faster access.

So, having figured out the connection methods and the concept of connection speed, let's move on to their description.

SWITCHED ACCESS (DIAL-UP)

This is the "oldest" and widely used method of connecting to the global network using a modem and a telephone line. However, in our time, it is actively supplanted by more modern connection methods and is now used either in rural (remote) areas where there is no possibility of connecting to the network using high-speed lines or by users with a very limited budget.

With this method of connection, the user, every time to enter the global network, will have to dial through the telephone line via a modem in order to "get" to the provider's modem pool. The provider then checks the username and password. In case of successful processing of the entered parameters, the subscriber is assigned a free IP-address, through which he gets access to the Internet.

The advantages of such a connection are: ease of setup and installation of equipment (only a modem is needed), low cost of equipment.

The modem connection has many more drawbacks. The busyness of the telephone line at the moment when you are in the network, the low speed of information transfer (usually 3-5 kb / s), low quality of communication and data transmission, due to the deterioration of telephone lines and outdated equipment at the PBX. It is clear that at the speed provided by a modem connection, it is impossible to download large files from the Internet - videos, software distributions, etc.

To connect using this method, you will need an internal analog modem if you have a good phone line, or an external one if your phone line is poor.

HIGH SPEED ADSL ACCESS

Much more perfect and modern way of connection in comparison with Dial-up connection. Literally, the acronym ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) can be translated as: "asymmetric digital subscriber line". This technology allows you to provide high-speed access to the worldwide network via ordinary analog telephone wires (lines) using a special modem. Unfortunately, this connection method has one significant limitation - ADSL equipment (multiplexer) must be installed on the PBX serving you. And if in large cities this is not a problem, then on the periphery such a connection may not be available to many users.

The main advantage of this method is the ease of installation and connection of equipment, as in the case of dial-up access (only a modem is needed), and the maximum throughput of such a connection reaches 8 Mbit / s (up to 24 Mbit / s in the case of ADSL 2+). This is quite enough for effective work with various kinds of data and multimedia content. In addition, the technology does not load the usual telephone communication channel, and the subscriber does not need to dial up to the provider, since the connection is constant.

I must also say about the possible disadvantages of this connection method. Not every user can be satisfied with the connection price and the subscription fee charged by the provider for their services. And if in many European countries ADSL is the de facto standard for providing the population with inexpensive and fairly fast Internet, then in Russian conditions, a lot will depend on the region and the number of competing providers. In the absence of any competition in this area, you may be faced with highly inflated tariffs.

There is another negative point in ADSL technology, which should be paid attention to all fans of peer-to-peer networks that use torrent clients to download information from the network. When using this type of connection, the speed of receiving (downloading) information from the Internet is much higher than its return, which violates the basic principles of file sharing in such networks.

Necessary equipment:

• ADSL modem
• ADSL splitter (usually comes with a modem

WIDEBAND ACCESS

It is the optimal connection, as it can provide the highest speed of receiving and transmitting information in the global network (up to 100 Mbit / s). Broadband access makes it possible to use the Internet, its services and services with full efficiency and effectiveness.

In this case, the connection is made by the Internet provider, who conducts a dedicated line (usually a twisted pair cable) to the subscriber's computer (apartment) and issues a range of IP addresses for the subscriber to access the Network.

The obvious advantages of this method of connection are not only a high speed of information exchange, but also a free phone, constant interaction with the network, and excellent communication quality.

The only obstacle for many users may be the cost of installing and setting up such a connection, which directly depends on the distance of your computer to the connection point of the provider. Most likely, it will be higher compared to other connection methods. True, it is worth noting that: firstly, this is a one-time payment, and secondly, many providers, in order to attract customers, provide a free connection.

To connect one computer, the user only needs a network card. Nowadays, it is built into almost any computer. If you are deploying a home network for several computers with wireless connectivity, you will need an additional wireless router.

ACCESS BY TECHNOLOGYMOBILEWIMAX

This technology is used to provide wireless broadband Internet access. WiMAX is a long-range system that covers kilometers of space and allows the user to receive both fixed access (similar to the usual xDSL only without wires) and mobile, which allows you to connect to the network from anywhere within the coverage area. As a rule, fixed access is used to deploy small office and regional networks, but mobile is aimed at the end user.

The first and largest mobile WiMAX network in Russia was deployed by Yota. The maximum data exchange rate in such networks is up to 10 Mbps, which allows you to comfortably download large files, watch videos or participate in on-line games. The connection to Yota itself is carried out using a special modem (usually made in the form of a USB stick) in a matter of minutes.

Unfortunately, the main disadvantage of such a connection is its very limited distribution in the territory of the Russian Federation. At the moment, Mobile WiMAX from Yota is available only in eight cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar, Sochi, Ufa, Vyborg, Luga and Serpukhov), and inside them in many zones the signal level is poor.

ACCESS BY TECHNOLOGYWI-FI

Unlike WiMAX, Wi-Fi is a system that covers much smaller areas (no more than 150-200 m with one access point) and is usually used by users to access their own local networks, which, by the way, may not be connected to the Internet. This is a great solution for connecting multiple computers to a network at the same time wirelessly, both at home and in a small office.

The very same access point, broadcasting a Wi-Fi radio signal, connects to the World Wide Web using a wired connection. Wi-Fi networks are also often used in restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, airports and railway stations, through which visitors to these places can access the Internet for free. Thus, we can say that this technology is an auxiliary tool that allows many users to use the capabilities of one point of broadband Internet connection at once.

MOBILE INTERNET (GPRS / 3G).

Due to the very rapid development of mobile communications in the Russian Federation, probably every adult already has a mobile phone. And if desired, it can also be used to access the global network. In fact, all providers these days offer a service of using a cell phone instead of a traditional modem, creating all kinds of special tariffs for this. In addition, almost all operators now offer independent solutions in the form of specialized GPRS / 3G modems or routers with Wi-Fi support, capable of providing Internet access via mobile networks.

As a rule, this type of connection is the prerogative of mobile computer users (laptops, netbooks), allowing them to use the Internet at any point where there is a cellular connection. It is also suitable for poorly accessible areas and places with poorly developed cable networks. For example, using a mobile connection can be very useful in a suburban area.

Compact 3G modem in the formUSB stick

The main advantages of this method of connection are high mobility and almost ubiquitous availability of connection in areas covered by cellular networks. Under favorable conditions, with the use of modern 3G routers, the speed of mobile Internet can reach 7 Mbit / s, and support for Wi-Fi technology will allow organizing a connection to the global network for several devices at once.

But as always, there is also a fly in the ointment, which may make it impractical to use this type of connection as the main one at home. The speed of such a connection strongly depends on the mobile operator and becomes acceptable only in 3G networks, the coverage density of which, so far, in the Russian Federation is not very high. Unfortunately, in many cases (lack of 3G networks, poor signal strength), the speed of the mobile Internet leaves much to be desired and slightly surpasses dial-up access in its characteristics. And this, in turn, imposes certain restrictions on its functionality.

We also note that with limit tariffs (imposing a restriction on the amount of information received from the Internet), which allow using the mobile Internet at maximum speeds, the cost of such a connection for many users will be quite high. In the gaining popularity of unlimited tariffs, as a rule, there is a serious limitation on the connection speed, which can be imposed after exceeding the unofficially established limit on the amount of downloaded data from their network.

Necessary equipment:

• Cable for connecting the phone to the computer in case of using the phone
• GPRS / 3G modem or router

SATELLITE INTERNET.

This method makes it possible to permanently connect to the network computers that are remote from telephone lines for considerable distances (summer cottage), and will also be useful in hard-to-reach areas with poor reception of a cellular signal.

Satellite connection can be asynchronous (one-way) and synchronous (two-way). We will not consider the second connection method, due to the high cost of equipment (here the bill goes to tens of thousands of rubles).

Most often, the satellite Internet is called the asynchronous (combined) method of access - this is when information comes to the user through a satellite dish, and the request for traffic from the user is transmitted by another connection - for example, via GPRS, ADSL or Dial-Up. It should be noted that the main requirement for the request channel is the reliability of the connection.

The data transfer speed with this connection method can range from 256 to 4000 Kbps and strongly depends not only on the provider, but also on the chosen tariff plan.

The main advantage of satellite connection to the Internet is the extremely low cost of traffic (from 10 kopecks to 1 ruble per 1 megabyte), the ability to organize connection in remote areas, due to independence from land lines and the availability of satellite television.

The disadvantages include: the need for a channel for outgoing traffic - as a rule, a cell phone with GPRS support and a rather high cost of equipment and its installation.

Necessary equipment:

• Satellite dish with bracket
• DVB card for decoding satellite signal
• Converter

CONCLUSION

So, having considered all the main ways to connect to the global Internet, let's summarize. Undoubtedly, the fastest and highest quality connection to the global network will be wired broadband. Data exchange via peer-to-peer networks, IP-telephony, IP-television, local resources of local networks, deployment of your own wireless Wi-Fi network and of course the full use of all kinds of services or Internet services - all this will be available to you when using this high-speed connection. Unfortunately, this type of connection is available only in large cities where fiber-optic communication lines are laid.

A good alternative to broadband access will be ADSL technology, which also allows high-speed access to the network (up to 8 Mbit / s) and effectively uses all the possibilities of the Internet. True, those who like to exchange files using torrent clients can face serious troubles due to the peculiarities of this technology, and, as a consequence, the low upload speed. It should also be remembered that the presence of a telephone line is not a guarantee that you will be able to use this method of connection, since another prerequisite is the placement of special ADSL equipment on your PBX.

The use of mobile technologies to connect to the network at home is most advisable in areas with low cable coverage, as well as with greatly inflated tariffs for wired Internet services. But remember that comfortable work in the global network is possible only in 3G cellular networks. Otherwise, the speed of information exchange will be poor. And of course, this method of connection is most in demand by the owners of cell phones, tablets, netbooks and other mobile devices who want to have access to the Internet anywhere in the cellular network coverage area.

If you plan to connect to the Internet in a place with a low level of cable coverage, where there are no fixed telephone lines or local automatic telephone exchanges are not equipped with specialized equipment, and there are no 3G mobile networks, then the most optimal solution would be satellite Internet. Low cost of traffic, acceptable speed of data exchange and the ability to watch satellite TV are the main advantages of such a connection among wireless solutions. True, you will have to fork out for the purchase and installation of equipment.

The promising MobileWiMAX technology has an undoubted advantage in the form of high speed and ease of connection to the network. In fact, this is the Internet in your pocket. In a matter of minutes, almost any computer can be connected to the World Wide Web using a miniature modem in the form of a USB stick. Only the coverage area of ​​such networks in Russia is now negligible, and the thick walls of your house can become an insurmountable obstacle to the passage of a weak signal. So before giving preference to this method of connection, familiarize yourself with the coverage area in your region and its availability in general.

Connecting using dial-up access today can be considered completely outdated, and its use can only be presented as a budget option on telephone lines that do not support ADSL technology.

Finally, let's say a few words about prices. In large cities of Russia, due to the growing rivalry of Internet providers, and the massive development of local networks, access to the worldwide network is becoming less and less expensive. From the point of view of choosing a tariff plan, the most advantageous is unlimited Internet access with a fixed monthly subscription fee. For example, in Moscow for 400 - 500 rubles a month you can connect to the network at a speed of 8 - 10 Mbit / s, the cost of unlimited mobile Internet will cost you 390 rubles, and connecting to MobileWiMAX at the maximum speed - 1400 rubles. But in provinces or small settlements, the prices for services providing access to the global network can be greatly inflated due to weak competition between providers or its complete absence. In such cases, pay attention to tariffs for mobile connection or satellite Internet, in which pricing does not depend on the region.

That's all. Happy connection to the global network!

21. What makes it impossible to connect a computer to the global network: Computer type, Composition of peripheral devices, No floppy drive, * No network card. 22. In computer networks, communication channels are usually used: Wires; Cables; Radio communication, * All of the above. 23. The efficiency of computer communication usually depends on: Bandwidth; Processor performance; Memory capacities, * All of the above. 24. The device that converts analog signals to digital and vice versa is called: network card; *modem; CPU; adapter. 25. The unification of computers and local networks located at a remote distance, for the common use of world information resources, is called ... a local network; *global network; corporate network; regional network. 26. A computer connected to the Internet must have: a local network; *global network; corporate network; regional network. 27. In computer networks, communication channels are usually used: Cables; Wires; Radio communication, * All of the above. 28. The efficiency of computer communication usually depends on: Processor performance; Memory capacity Expansion options, * All of the above 29. The device that performs the functions of interfacing computers with communication channels is called: network card; modem; CPU; * adapter. 30. Choose from the offered the most absolutely reliable communication channel: * fiber-optic cable; twisted pair; coaxial cable; phone line. 31. A computer that provides its resources for the use of other computers when working together is called: an adapter; switch; * server; client-server. 32. IP - address is * network address physical address global address 32.MAC - address is network address * physical address global address 34. What is another name for the MAC address? Binary address. Octal address. *Physical adress. TCP / IP address. 35. The Ethernet protocol is designed for the topology: common bus ring * star mixed 36. A computer on the Internet that shares its resources with other computers connected to the Internet is called * server client client - server server - client 37. Computer in the Internet, accessing the resources of another computer, which are shared, is called * client server client - server server - client 38. The Internet Protocol is called * IP TCP FTP IP - TCP 39. The set of rules and conventions used for communication between computers connected to data networks is called * data exchange protocol data transfer protocol is data exchange and data transfer protocol 40. The primary wide area network protocol used on the Internet is called * TCP / IP IP TCP FTP 41. The file transfer protocol is called * FTP TCP / IP IP TCP 42. What kind of network is called peer-to-peer? *the local network; global network; corporate network; regional network. 43. A set of computers connected by channels of information exchange and located within one (or several) rooms, buildings, is called: global computer network * local computer network information system with hyperlinks e-mail 44. Domain is a unit of information measurement * part of the address that determines computer address in the network name of the program for communication between computers E-mail address 45. Enter the wrong IP address: 166.67.32.23 101.24.89.33 * 123.23.45.333 134.23.233.24 46. Choose the correct matches: server - ...... . leased line connection dial-up connection requests the information it needs from the Internet * contains and issues information upon request 47. Choose the correct matches: client - ........ dial-up line connection contains and issues information upon request * the information he needs from the Internet 48. Choose the correct matches: network card -. ...... * connection on a leased line connection on a dial-up line contains and gives information on request 49. Choose the correct matches: modem - ....... connection on a leased line * connection on a dial-up line requests the information it needs from Internet 50. IP - address: can be repeated for different servers on the Internet * unique address for each server on the Internet consists of 3 numbers ranging from 0 to 255 consists of 4 numbers ranging from 0 to 255